Crowdsourced Doppler measurements of time standard stations demonstrating ionospheric variability

• Published in: Earth system science data Vol. 15; no. 3; pp. 1403 - 1418
• Main Authors: Collins, Kristina, Gibbons, John, Frissell, Nathaniel, Montare, Aidan, Kazdan, David, Kalmbach, Darren, Swartz, David, Benedict, Robert, Romanek, Veronica, Boedicker, Rachel, Liles, William, Engelke, William, McGaw, David G, Farmer, James, Mikitin, Gary, Hobart, Joseph, Kavanagh, George, Chakraborty, Shibaji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 28.03.2023; Copernicus Publications
• Subjects: Analysis; Crowdsourcing; Datasets; Doppler effect; Doppler sonar; Equipment costs; Instruments; Ionosphere; Ionospheric models; Ionospheric propagation; Low cost; Measurement; Measuring instruments; Propagation; Receivers; Receivers & amplifiers; Scientists; Software; Solar flares; Space weather; Time measurement; Tracers; Traveling ionospheric disturbances; Variability; Visualization; Weather; Weather stations

Ionospheric variability produces measurable effects in Doppler shift of HF (high-frequency, 3–30 MHz) skywave signals. These effects are straightforward to measure with low-cost equipment and are conducive to citizen science campaigns. The low-cost Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) network is a...