Spatial analysis of tuberculosis in an Urban West African setting: is there evidence of clustering
To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all pa...
Saved in:
| Published in | Tropical medicine & international health Vol. 15; no. 6; pp. 664 - 672 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2010
Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co-ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space-time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents. Of 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high- and low-rate spatial and space-time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space-time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region. There is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community-based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | SummaryObjectives To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering.Methods In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co-ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space-time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents.Results Of 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high- and low-rate spatial and space-time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space-time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region.Conclusions There is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community-based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. Analyse spatiale de la tuberculose dans un milieu urbain de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: y a t-il une preuve de regroupement?Objectifs: Decrire les profils d'apparition de la tuberculose (TB) a Grand Banjul, en Gambie au moyen du Systeme d'Information Geographique (SIG) et des Statistiques de Scan Spatial (SatScan) et determiner s'il existe un important regroupement des cas de TB.Methodes: Dans la region etendue de Banjul ou 80% des cas de TB surviennent en Gambie, tous les cas de TB enregistres dans les cliniques du thorax entre mars 2007 et fevrier 2008 ont ete invites a participer a l'etude. Les caracteristiques demographiques et cliniques ainsi que les coordonnees SIG sur la residence de chaque cas TB consentant, ont ete enregistres. Une analyse statistique spatiale a ete utilisee pour identifier les grappes de TB avec une association purement spatio-temporelle chez les residents permanents.Resultats: sur 1145 cas de TB recrutes, 84% etaient des residents permanents dont 88% vivant dans 37 endroits avec une cartographie complete disponible jusqu'au qu'a l'echelle de la residence. Des taux importants de regroupement spatial et spatio-temporel, eleves et faibles ont ete recenses dans deux districts. Le regroupement avec un taux eleve le plus probable a la fois dans l'analyse purement spatiale et dans l'analyse spatio-temporelle retrospective etaient de la meme zone geographique. Un regroupement secondaire important a aussi ete identifie dans l'une des zones densement peuplees de la region 'etudiee.Conclusions: Il y a une preuve de regroupement important des cas de TB a Grand Banjul, en Gambie. L'utilisation systematique des techniques de detection des regroupements pour la surveillance reguliere de la TB en Gambie pourrait aider au deploiement efficace des ressources. Cependant, la detection passive des cas indique que la detection active des cas, basee sur la communaute et la surveillance des facteurs de risque permettrait de confirmer la presence de veritables regroupements et leurs causes. Analisis espacial de la tuberculosis en asentamientos urbanos de Africa del Oeste: hay evidencia de conglomerados?Objetivos: Describir el patron de TB en Greater Banjul, Gambia, utilizando un Sistema de Informacion Geografica y el software para analisis estadisticos SaTScan, y determinar si se da una conglomeracion significativa de los casos de TB.Metodos: En Greater Banjul, en donde surge un 80% de todos los casos de TB en Gambia, se invito a participar a todos los casos de TB registrados en las clinicas toracicas entre Marzo 2007 y Febrero 2008. Se registraron las caracteristicas demograficas, clinicas y coordenadas de GPS de la residencia de cada uno de los casos de TB que consintieron participar. Se utilizo el SaTScan para identificar conglomerados de tuberculosis puramente espaciales y conglomerados en espacio-tiempo entre los residentes permanentes.Resultados: De 1145 casos de TB reclutados, un 84% eran residentes permanentes con un 88% viviendo en 37 asentamientos con un mapa completo disponible a nivel de asentamiento. Se identificaron conglomerados espaciales y espacio-temporales con tasas de TB significativas tanto altas como bajas en dos distritos. Los conglomerados con mayor probabilidad de una tasa alta, tanto mediante un analisis puramente espacial como mediante un analisis espacio-tiempo retrospectivo, estaban en la misma area geografica. Tambien se identifico un conglomerado secundario en una de las areas con mayor densidad de poblacion del area de estudio.Conclusiones: Hay evidencia de una agregacion significativa de los casos de TB en Greater Banjul, Gambia. El uso sistematico de tecnicas para la deteccion de conglomerados en la vigilancia rutinaria de TB en Gambia podria contribuir a un uso mas efectivo de los recursos. Sin embargo, la deteccion pasiva de casos dicta que la deteccion activa de casos basada en la comunidad y las encuestas de factores de riesgo podrian ayudar a confirmar la presencia de conglomerados reales y de sus causas. To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co-ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space-time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents. Of 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high- and low-rate spatial and space-time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space-time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region. There is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community-based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co-ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space-time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents. Of 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high- and low-rate spatial and space-time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space-time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region. There is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community-based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] OBJECTIVESTo describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. METHODSIn Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co-ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space-time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents. RESULTSOf 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high- and low-rate spatial and space-time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space-time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region. CONCLUSIONSThere is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community-based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. Summary Objectives To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. Methods In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co‐ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space–time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents. Results Of 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high‐ and low‐rate spatial and space–time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space–time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region. Conclusions There is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community‐based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. Analyse spatiale de la tuberculose dans un milieu urbain de l’Afrique de l’Ouest: y a t‐il une preuve de regroupement? Objectifs: Décrire les profils d’apparition de la tuberculose (TB) à Grand Banjul, en Gambie au moyen du Système d’Information Géographique (SIG) et des Statistiques de Scan Spatial (SatScan) et déterminer s’il existe un important regroupement des cas de TB. Méthodes: Dans la région étendue de Banjul où 80% des cas de TB surviennent en Gambie, tous les cas de TB enregistrés dans les cliniques du thorax entre mars 2007 et février 2008 ont été invités à participer à l’étude. Les caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques ainsi que les coordonnées SIG sur la résidence de chaque cas TB consentant, ont été enregistrés. Une analyse statistique spatiale a été utilisée pour identifier les grappes de TB avec une association purement spatio‐temporelle chez les résidents permanents. Résultats: sur 1145 cas de TB recrutés, 84%étaient des résidents permanents dont 88% vivant dans 37 endroits avec une cartographie complète disponible jusqu’au qu’à l’échelle de la résidence. Des taux importants de regroupement spatial et spatio‐temporel, élevés et faibles ont été recensés dans deux districts. Le regroupement avec un taux élevé le plus probable à la fois dans l’analyse purement spatiale et dans l’analyse spatio‐temporelle rétrospective étaient de la même zone géographique. Un regroupement secondaire important a aussi été identifié dans l’une des zones densément peuplées de la région ‘étudiée. Conclusions: Il y a une preuve de regroupement important des cas de TB à Grand Banjul, en Gambie. L’utilisation systématique des techniques de détection des regroupements pour la surveillance régulière de la TB en Gambie pourrait aider au déploiement efficace des ressources. Cependant, la détection passive des cas indique que la détection active des cas, basée sur la communauté et la surveillance des facteurs de risque permettrait de confirmer la présence de véritables regroupements et leurs causes. Análisis espacial de la tuberculosis en asentamientos urbanos de África del Oeste: hay evidencia de conglomerados? Objetivos: Describir el patrón de TB en Greater Banjul, Gambia, utilizando un Sistema de Información Geográfica y el software para análisis estadísticos SaTScan, y determinar si se da una conglomeración significativa de los casos de TB. Métodos: En Greater Banjul, en donde surge un 80% de todos los casos de TB en Gambia, se invitó a participar a todos los casos de TB registrados en las clínicas torácicas entre Marzo 2007 y Febrero 2008. Se registraron las características demográficas, clínicas y coordenadas de GPS de la residencia de cada uno de los casos de TB que consintieron participar. Se utilizó el SaTScan para identificar conglomerados de tuberculosis puramente espaciales y conglomerados en espacio‐tiempo entre los residentes permanentes. Resultados: De 1145 casos de TB reclutados, un 84% eran residentes permanentes con un 88% viviendo en 37 asentamientos con un mapa completo disponible a nivel de asentamiento. Se identificaron conglomerados espaciales y espacio‐temporales con tasas de TB significativas tanto altas como bajas en dos distritos. Los conglomerados con mayor probabilidad de una tasa alta, tanto mediante un análisis puramente espacial como mediante un análisis espacio‐tiempo retrospectivo, estaban en la misma área geográfica. También se identificó un conglomerado secundario en una de las áreas con mayor densidad de población del área de estudio. Conclusiones: Hay evidencia de una agregación significativa de los casos de TB en Greater Banjul, Gambia. El uso sistemático de técnicas para la detección de conglomerados en la vigilancia rutinaria de TB en Gambia podría contribuir a un uso más efectivo de los recursos. Sin embargo, la detección pasiva de casos dicta que la detección activa de casos basada en la comunidad y las encuestas de factores de riesgo podrían ayudar a confirmar la presencia de conglomerados reales y de sus causas. To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics (SaTScan) and to determine whether there is significant TB case clustering. In Greater Banjul, where 80% of all Gambian TB cases arise, all patients with TB registered at chest clinics between March 2007 and February 2008 were asked to participate. Demographic, clinical characteristics and GPS co-ordinates for the residence of each consenting TB case were recorded. A spatial scan statistic was used to identify purely spatial and space-time clusters of tuberculosis among permanent residents. Of 1145 recruited patients with TB, 84% were permanent residents with 88% living in 37 settlements that had complete maps available down to settlement level. Significant high- and low-rate spatial and space-time clusters were identified in two districts. The most likely cluster of high rate from both the purely spatial analysis and the retrospective space-time analysis were from the same geographical area. A significant secondary cluster was also identified in one of the densely populated areas of the study region. There is evidence of significant clustering of TB cases in Greater Banjul, The Gambia. Systematic use of cluster detection techniques for regular TB surveillance in The Gambia may aid effective deployment of resources. However, passive case detection dictates that community-based active case detection and risk factor surveys would help confirm the presence of true clusters and their causes. |
| Author | Donkor, S Touray, K Rigby, J Adegbola, R.A Hill, P.C Adetifa, I.M Jallow, A Jeffries, D Cheung, Y.B |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Touray, K – sequence: 2 fullname: Adetifa, I.M – sequence: 3 fullname: Jallow, A – sequence: 4 fullname: Rigby, J – sequence: 5 fullname: Jeffries, D – sequence: 6 fullname: Cheung, Y.B – sequence: 7 fullname: Donkor, S – sequence: 8 fullname: Adegbola, R.A – sequence: 9 fullname: Hill, P.C |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22680891$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406427$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkU1v1DAQhi1URD_gL0CEhDhl6-8kSD1UFS2VWnFoVxwtxxkXr7zJYifQ_fdMukuRuDAHe8bzzHjs95gc9EMPhBSMLhja6WrBhFalYEovOMVTypUQi8cX5Og5cfDk05LzSh-S45xXlFIplX5FDjmVVEteHZH2bmPHYGNhexu3OeRi8MU4tZDcFIc5Dj3mimVqcf0GeSzOfQoOgwzjGPqHTwVC43dIUMDP0EHvYO7h4pRHSAi8Ji-9jRne7PcTsrz8fH_xpbz5enV9cX5TOllzUUqmG3C67pTkjoOjXsmK1U7wjrEO0BrHhbSNU7b14GonnQfeUmet8hrECfm467tJw48JJzXrkB3EaHsYpmwqfLtQmtf_J4WQlAqtkXz_D7kapoRflQ1nSjaNrCqE3u6hqV1DZzYprG3amj-_jMCHPWCzs9En27uQ_3Jc17RuGHJnO-5XiLB9zjNqZtXNyszimllcM6tunlQ3j-b-9nr2sP7drt7bwdiHhHcs75AUlNU4SiXFb0hXqo8 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s13104_018_3134_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_023_08951_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_12_885 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_017_2759_0 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciz913 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2018_026630 crossref_primary_10_1590_1413_812320172212_0143016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2016_06_047 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_14_555 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0249523 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epidem_2022_100540 crossref_primary_10_1590_S0037_86822012000500013 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph121215040 crossref_primary_10_1080_16549716_2020_1785737 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_018_1178_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40249_017_0268_4 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0110471 crossref_primary_10_1080_09603123_2019_1677862 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_180887 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0083605 crossref_primary_10_1590_0037_8682_0290_2014 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0229040 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0065022 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsif_2011_0160 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_14_304 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0126369 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2019_11_015 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2014_006669 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023GH000972 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2015_010046 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2015 INIST-CNRS |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd – notice: 2015 INIST-CNRS |
| DBID | FBQ IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7T2 7U9 C1K H94 K9. M7N 7X8 7QL |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02533.x |
| DatabaseName | AGRIS Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) MEDLINE - Academic Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Safety Science Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management MEDLINE - Academic Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) MEDLINE AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: FBQ name: AGRIS url: http://www.fao.org/agris/Centre.asp?Menu_1ID=DB&Menu_2ID=DB1&Language=EN&Content=http://www.fao.org/agris/search?Language=EN sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Public Health |
| EISSN | 1365-3156 |
| EndPage | 672 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2032580531 20406427 22680891 TMI2533 US201301840674 |
| Genre | article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Feature |
| GeographicLocations | Gambia Africa |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Gambia |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MC_U190071468 |
| GroupedDBID | --- .3N .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 123 1OC 24P 29Q 2WC 31~ 33P 36B 3SF 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5HH 5LA 5VS 66C 6PF 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHHS AAJUZ AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAVGM AAWTL AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABCVL ABEML ABHUG ABJNI ABLJU ABOCM ABPPZ ABPTK ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACCFJ ACCZN ACGFO ACGFS ACGOF ACMXC ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXME ACXQS ADAWD ADBBV ADBTR ADDAD ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN AEEZP AEGXH AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFEBI AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFRAH AFVGU AFZJQ AGJLS AHMBA AIACR AIAGR AIURR AIWBW AJBDE ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ATUGU AZBYB AZVAB BAFTC BAWUL BFHJK BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BY8 C45 CAG COF CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DIK DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM DU5 E3Z EBS EJD ESX EX3 F00 F01 F04 F5P FBQ FIJ FUBAC G-S G.N GODZA GX1 H.X HF~ HZI HZ~ IHE IPNFZ IX1 J0M K48 KBYEO LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ O66 O9- OK1 OVD P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 R.K ROL RX1 SUPJJ TEORI TR2 UB1 V8K W8V W99 WBKPD WHWMO WIH WIJ WIK WIN WOHZO WOW WQJ WRC WVDHM WXI WXSBR XG1 YFH YUY ZGI ZZTAW ~IA ~KM ~WT AHBTC AITYG HGLYW OIG AAPBV IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7T2 7U9 C1K H94 K9. M7N 7X8 7QL |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4823-4169ec68d542c2ec0f54718c32d11deeee9c234a9c5abfec8c4cfe2b0caa5f6e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DR2 |
| ISSN | 1360-2276 |
| IngestDate | Fri Aug 16 10:42:40 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 17 02:15:16 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 16:42:39 EDT 2024 Sat Sep 28 08:16:18 EDT 2024 Sun Oct 22 16:06:56 EDT 2023 Sat Aug 24 01:03:00 EDT 2024 Wed Dec 27 19:19:11 EST 2023 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Keywords | Infection The Gambia Geographic Information Systems Urban environment Tuberculosis spatial analysis Bacteriosis Tropical medicine clustering Mycobacterial infection |
| Language | English |
| License | CC BY 4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4823-4169ec68d542c2ec0f54718c32d11deeee9c234a9c5abfec8c4cfe2b0caa5f6e3 |
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02533.x ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02533.x |
| PMID | 20406427 |
| PQID | 215499477 |
| PQPubID | 33016 |
| PageCount | 9 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_745635628 proquest_miscellaneous_733400366 proquest_journals_215499477 pubmed_primary_20406427 pascalfrancis_primary_22680891 wiley_primary_10_1111_j_1365_3156_2010_02533_x_TMI2533 fao_agris_US201301840674 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | June 2010 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2010-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 06 year: 2010 text: June 2010 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford, UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford, UK – name: Oxford – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Tropical medicine & international health |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Trop Med Int Health |
| PublicationYear | 2010 |
| Publisher | Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Blackwell |
| References | 1998; 27 2001; 344 1993; 106 2002; 6 1997; 24 2002; 8 2002; 55 2008; 14 2002; 1 2009 2008 2006; 5 2006 2006; 6 2008; 79 1999; 4 2003; 17 2008; 10 2005 2003 2005; 26 1999; 80 1996; 15 1997; 146 2009; 14 2005; 9 2003; 7 2005; 5 2007; 6 2005; 10 2007; 7 2005; 2 1999; 354 2003; 168 2005; 99 1996; 86 1998; 58 |
| References_xml | – volume: 6 start-page: 156 year: 2006 article-title: Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis: a clinic‐based case control study in The Gambia publication-title: BMC Public Health – volume: 4 start-page: 631 year: 1999 end-page: 633 article-title: Geographical information systems (GIS) and the tuberculosis DOTS strategy publication-title: Tropical Medicine and International Health – year: 2009 – year: 2005 – volume: 6 start-page: 286 year: 2006 article-title: Space‐time clustering of childhood malaria at the household level: a dynamic cohort in a Mali village publication-title: BMC Public Health – volume: 146 start-page: 161 year: 1997 end-page: 170 article-title: Breast cancer clusters in the northeast United States: a geographic analysis publication-title: American Journal of Epidemiology – volume: 10 start-page: 5 year: 2008 end-page: 15 article-title: Spatial and temporal variations in incidence of tuberculosis in Africa 1991 to 2005 publication-title: World Health & Population – volume: 8 start-page: 427 year: 2002 end-page: 429 article-title: Mapping Lyme disease incidence for diagnostic and preventive decisions, Maryland publication-title: Emerging Infectious Diseases – year: 2003 – volume: 9 start-page: 1320 year: 2005 end-page: 1326 article-title: Socio‐demographic and geographic indicators and distribution of tuberculosis in Hong Kong: a spatial analysis publication-title: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease – volume: 99 start-page: 218 year: 2005 end-page: 225 article-title: The household distribution of trachoma in a Tanzanian village: an application of GIS to the study of trachoma publication-title: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene – volume: 6 start-page: 1001 year: 2002 end-page: 1011 article-title: Historic and recent events contribute to the disease dynamics of Beijing‐like isolates in a high incidence region publication-title: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease – volume: 344 start-page: 1294 year: 2001 end-page: 1303 article-title: Global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs publication-title: New England Journal of Medicine – volume: 15 start-page: 707 year: 1996 end-page: 715 article-title: Childhood leukaemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan statistic for cluster detection publication-title: Statistics in Medicine – volume: 27 start-page: 323 year: 1998 end-page: 329 article-title: An analysis of the geographical distribution of severe malaria in children in Kilifi District, Kenya publication-title: International Journal of Epidemiology – volume: 5 start-page: 33 year: 2006 article-title: Investigation of geo‐spatial hotspots for the occurrence of tuberculosis in Almora district, India using GIS and spatial scan statistic publication-title: International Journal of Health Geographics – volume: 58 start-page: 287 year: 1998 end-page: 298 article-title: Exploratory space‐time analysis of reported dengue cases during an outbreak in Florida, Puerto Rico 1991‐1992 publication-title: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene – volume: 106 start-page: S77 issue: Suppl year: 1993 end-page: S92 article-title: Monitoring trypanosomiasis in space and time publication-title: Parasitology – volume: 5 start-page: 22 year: 2005 article-title: Oblique decision trees for spatial pattern detection: optimal algorithm and application to malaria risk publication-title: BMC Medical Research Methodology – volume: 4 start-page: 634 year: 1999 end-page: 638 article-title: Spatial implications of the tuberculosis DOTS strategy in rural South Africa: a novel application of geographical information system and global positioning system technologies publication-title: Tropical Medicine and International Health – volume: 79 start-page: 414 year: 2008 end-page: 421 article-title: Spatial analysis of risk factor of cholera outbreak for 2003‐2004 in a peri‐urban area of Lusaka Zambia publication-title: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene – volume: 7 start-page: 26 year: 2007 article-title: Geographic prediction of tuberculosis clusters in Fukuoka, Japan using the space‐time scan statistic publication-title: BMC Infectious Diseases – volume: 86 start-page: 41 year: 1996 end-page: 44 article-title: The use of a geographical information system (GIS) to evaluate the distribution of tuberculosis in a high‐incidence community publication-title: South African Medical Journal – volume: 24 start-page: 2348 year: 1997 end-page: 2352 article-title: Geographical clustering of mortality from systemic sclerosis in the Southeastern United States 1981‐90 publication-title: Journal of Rheumatology – volume: 10 start-page: 305 year: 2005 end-page: 311 article-title: Changes in the geographical distribution of tuberculosis patients in Veracruz, Mexico after reinforcement of a tuberculosis control programme publication-title: Tropical Medicine and International Health – volume: 26 start-page: 167 year: 2005 end-page: 182 article-title: Global epidemiology of tuberculosis publication-title: Clinics in Chest Medicine – volume: 168 start-page: 448 year: 2003 end-page: 455 article-title: Risk factors for tuberculosis infection in sub‐Saharan Africa: a contact study in The Gambia publication-title: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine – volume: 7 start-page: 271 year: 2003 end-page: 277 article-title: Tuberculosis transmission patterns in a high‐incidence area: a spatial analysis publication-title: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease – year: 2008 – volume: 17 start-page: 1841 year: 2003 end-page: 1846 article-title: Regional differences in HIV trends in The Gambia: results from sentinel surveillance among pregnant women publication-title: AIDS – year: 2006 – volume: 14 start-page: 1413 year: 2008 end-page: 1419 article-title: Spatial analysis of tuberculosis cases in migrants and permanent residents, Beijing 2000‐2006 publication-title: Emerging Infectious Diseases – volume: 80 start-page: 433 year: 1999 end-page: 437 article-title: Childhood tuberculosis in an urban population in South Africa: burden and risk factors publication-title: Archives of Disease in Childhood – volume: 6 start-page: 30 year: 2007 article-title: Tuberculosis incidence in Portugal: spatiotemporal clustering publication-title: International Journal of Health Geographics – volume: 354 start-page: 394 year: 1999 end-page: 395 article-title: GIS/GPS to document increased access to community‐based treatment for tuberculosis in Africa Geographic information system/global positioning system publication-title: Lancet – volume: 55 start-page: 7 year: 2002 end-page: 19 article-title: Spatial patterns of tuberculosis incidence in Cologne (Germany) publication-title: Social Science and Medicine – volume: 1 start-page: 4 year: 2002 article-title: The application of geographical information systems to important public health problems in Africa publication-title: International Journal of Health Geographics – volume: 2 start-page: e59 year: 2005 article-title: A space‐time permutation scan statistic for disease outbreak detection publication-title: PLoS Medicine – volume: 14 start-page: 429 year: 2009 end-page: 437 article-title: Spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis and impact of the care factors in Antananarivo City publication-title: Tropical Medicine and International Health |
| SSID | ssj0004456 |
| Score | 2.2085288 |
| Snippet | To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan Statistics... Summary Objectives To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and... OBJECTIVESTo describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Scan... SummaryObjectives To describe the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence in Greater Banjul, The Gambia with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed pascalfrancis wiley fao |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 664 |
| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult analyse spatiale Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Cluster Analysis clustering Female Gambia Gambia - epidemiology Gambie General aspects Geographic Information Systems Human bacterial diseases Humans Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious diseases Male Medical sciences Mycobacterium Prospective Studies regroupement Risk Sistemas de Información Geográfica Space-Time Clustering spatial analysis Statistical methods systèmes d’information géographique The Gambia tuberculose Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - epidemiology Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections tuberculosis; agregación; análisis espacial Urban areas Young Adult |
| Title | Spatial analysis of tuberculosis in an Urban West African setting: is there evidence of clustering |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2010.02533.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406427 https://www.proquest.com/docview/215499477 https://search.proquest.com/docview/733400366 https://search.proquest.com/docview/745635628 |
| Volume | 15 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6hHhAS4lEeDYXKB65ZJbbz6gUhoCpIywG6Um-WPbERapWgzUZC_PrOxOmWRRUHRA5RIjuOEn8z_sYezwC8LioM6BqbqrotyEBpSOZIV6Y56cFa5kFjy7uRl5_L05X-dF6cz_5PvBcmxofYTrixZEz6mgXcumFXyNlDS5EBMntoSaIuC-aTuarYu-v9l5tIUlpPiVzpkSyVsip3nXpubYhGm2B7dpa0A_2vEBNd3MZEd4ntNDKdPISL62-KDikXi3HjFvjrj3CP_-ejH8GDmcCKtxFxj-GO7_bh7nJeot-H-3EiUMT9TU8AOekxgVzYOfyJ6IPYjM6vcbzs-f57R2VitXZ05kQ3IuYu6sTgJ6fsY0GVmKd64eccqNwGXo4c5IEqvHkKq5MPZ-9O0zmzQ4q6liolFth4LAkeWqL0mIWCB0lUss3z1tPRoFTaNlhYFzzWqDF46TK0tgilV89gr-s7fwACM0cWp3PIlm3dBpu5HNu6cUQ8HOqQwAH1orHfSGea1VfJK7Vs1ZaVTuBop2vNjxjgwxAlrbO6yRM4vO5rM4v2YCQHtWt0VSUgtqUkk7zQYjvfj4OplNIc6Kf8SxXCoyLuWSfwPILo5u2kV8kqpPbLCQrbgt_sNQKBYRAYBoGZQGB-mrPlR7568a8PHsK96BzBk0wvYW-zHv0r4lwbdzRJ0xVH7xzp |
| link.rule.ids | 315,783,787,1378,27938,27939,46308,46732 |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3di9QwEA9yggrix_lx9fTMg69d2iRtU19E1GNPb-9Bd-HeQjJNDnFpZXcL4l_vTNPbc-XwQexDaUma0uY3k98kkxnGXhUVBHC1TaVuCjRQapQ51JVpjnpQizwoaGg38uysnC7Ux_PifEwHRHthYnyI7YQbScagr0nAaUJ6V8rJRUuiBTK6aAnkLhMklDdR-iWlM3j_-SqWlFJDKld8JkuFqMpdt55rW8LxJtiO3CXtGv9YiKkuruOiu9R2GJuO77Pl5VdFl5Rvk37jJvDzj4CP_-mzH7B7I4flbyPoHrIbvt1nt2bjKv0-uxvnAnnc4vSIAeU9RpxzO0ZA4V3gm975FfTLju6_tljGFyuHZ8p1w2P6opav_eCX_ZpjJaKqnvsxDSq1Acue4jxghTeP2eL4w_zdNB2TO6SgtJApEsHaQ4kIUQKEhywUNE6CFE2eNx6PGoRUtobCuuBBg4LghcvA2iKUXj5he23X-gPGIXNodDoHZNzqJtjM5dDo2iH3cKBCwg6wG429QLVpFl8ELdaSYVtWKmFHO31rvscYHwZZqc50nSfs8LKzzSjdayMorl2tqiphfFuKYklrLbb1Xb82lZSKYv2Uf6mCgJRIP3XCnkYUXb0dVSsahth-OWBhW_CbyYYgMAQCQyAwAwjMDzOfndDVs3998CW7PZ3PTs3pydmnQ3Yn-krQnNNztrdZ9f4FUrCNOxpE6xcU9iED |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3da9RAEB-kQhHEj_rRWK374GuOZHfz1RcR69GqV0R70Ldld7Ir0pKUuwuIf31nkvTqSfFBzENI2M2GZH8z-5vd2RmAN1mBAV1lY1XWGRkoFckc6co4JT1YyjRorHk38uwkP5rrj2fZ2ej_xHthhvgQ6wk3loxeX7OAX9ZhU8jZQ0uRATJ6aEmiLhPik3d1rhJ27zr8ehNKSus-kys9k8RSFvmmV8-tLdFwE2zL3pJ2ST8sDJkubqOim8y2H5qmD-H8-qMGj5TzSbdyE_z1R7zH__PVj-DByGDFuwFyj-GOb3Zgezau0e_A_WEmUAwbnJ4ActZjQrmwY_wT0Qax6pxfYHfR8v2PhsrEfOHozJluxJC8qBFL33tlHwiqxETVCz8mQeU28KLjKA9U4e1TmE8_nL4_isfUDjHqUqqYaGDlMSd8aInSYxIyHiVRyTpNa09HhVJpW2FmXfBYosbgpUvQ2izkXj2DraZt_C4ITByZnM4hm7ZlHWziUqzLyhHzcKhDBLvUi8Z-J6Vp5t8kL9WyWZsXOoL9ja41l0OED0OctEzKKo1g77qvzSjbSyM5ql2liyICsS4loeSVFtv4tluaQinNkX7yv1QhPCoin2UEzwcQ3bydFCuZhdR-3kNhXfCbwUYgMAwCwyAwPQjMT3M6O-arF__64GvY_nI4NZ-PTz7twb20d5TgCaeXsLVadP4V8a-V2-8F6wqHxx-x |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spatial+analysis+of+tuberculosis+in+an+Urban+West+African+setting%3A+is+there+evidence+of+clustering%3F&rft.jtitle=Tropical+medicine+%26+international+health&rft.au=Touray%2C+K&rft.au=Adetifa%2C+I+M&rft.au=Jallow%2C+A&rft.au=Rigby%2C+J&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Ltd&rft.issn=1360-2276&rft.eissn=1365-3156&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=664&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2010.02533.x&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT&rft.externalDocID=2032580531 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1360-2276&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1360-2276&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1360-2276&client=summon |