Penicillium expansum: biology, omics, and management tools for a global postharvest pathogen causing blue mould of pome fruit

Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. exp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMolecular plant pathology Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. 1391 - 1404
Main Authors Luciano‐Rosario, Dianiris, Keller, Nancy P., Jurick, Wayne M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.11.2020
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects
Agricultural practices
Animal behavior
Apples
Biology
Blue mold
blue mould
Carbon
Citrinin
Cracks
Critical components
Crop production
Decay
Disease
Disease control
Disease management
Drug Resistance, Fungal
Enzymes
Eukaryotes
Food
food loss
Fruit
Fruit - microbiology
Fruits
Fungi
Fungicides
Fungicides, Industrial - pharmacology
Gene sequencing
Genome, Fungal - genetics
genomics
Glucose
Hazel
Host range
Host Specificity
Integrated pest management
Literature reviews
Malus - microbiology
Management tools
Metabolism
Mold
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins - metabolism
Ochratoxin A
Pathogen Profile
Pathogens
Patulin
Patulin - metabolism
Penicillic acid
Penicillium
Penicillium - drug effects
Penicillium - genetics
Penicillium - pathogenicity
Penicillium expansum
Pest control
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plant Diseases - prevention & control
pome fruit
postharvest decay
Pyrus - microbiology
Roquefortine
Rosaceae - microbiology
Rot
Sanitation
Signs and symptoms
Stems
Strategic planning (Business)
Strawberries
Taxonomy
Toxins
Transcription factors
Virulence
virulence regulators
Websites
United States > US
food loss
postharvest decay
virulence regulators
mycotoxins
genomics
pome fruit
blue mould
disease management
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. Taxonomy Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum. Biology A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. Toxins Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. Host range Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. Disease symptoms Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue‐green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. Disease control Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. Useful websites Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage‐and‐food‐crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop‐protection/disease‐management/blue‐mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/). This article is a synthesis and compilation of the latest information on the mycotoxingenic blue mould fungus from multiple perspectives that entail omics, biology, and tools for decay control.
AbstractList Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. Taxonomy Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum. Biology A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. Toxins Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. Host range Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. Disease symptoms Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue‐green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. Disease control Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. Useful websites Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage‐and‐food‐crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop‐protection/disease‐management/blue‐mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/). This article is a synthesis and compilation of the latest information on the mycotoxingenic blue mould fungus from multiple perspectives that entail omics, biology, and tools for decay control.
Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management.TaxonomyPenicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum.BiologyA wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect.ToxinsPatulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid.Host rangePrimarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut.Disease symptomsBlue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue‐green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages.Disease controlPreharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy.Useful websitesPenn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage‐and‐food‐crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop‐protection/disease‐management/blue‐mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/).
Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion-dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide-resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum. A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue-green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/blue-mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/).
Abstract Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum , is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. Taxonomy Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium , Species expansum . Biology A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. Toxins Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. Host range Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. Disease symptoms Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue‐green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. Disease control Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. Useful websites Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide ( https://extension.psu.edu/forage‐and‐food‐crops/fruit ), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit ( http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop‐protection/disease‐management/blue‐mold/ ), The Apple Rot Doctor ( https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr ), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/ ).
Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management. Taxonomy: Penicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum. Biology: A wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect. Toxins: Patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid. Host range: Primarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut. Disease symptoms: Blue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue‐green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages. Disease control: Preharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy. Useful websites: Penn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (
This article is a synthesis and compilation of the latest information on the mycotoxingenic blue mould fungus from multiple perspectives that entail omics, biology, and tools for decay control.
Audience Academic
Author Luciano‐Rosario, Dianiris
Jurick, Wayne M.
Keller, Nancy P.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Food Quality Laboratory USDA‐ARS Beltsville Maryland USA
1 Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
2 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department of Bacteriology Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department of Bacteriology Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
– name: 1 Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin at Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
– name: 3 Food Quality Laboratory USDA‐ARS Beltsville Maryland USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Dianiris
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9947-4729
  surname: Luciano‐Rosario
  fullname: Luciano‐Rosario, Dianiris
  organization: University of Wisconsin at Madison
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Nancy P.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4386-9473
  surname: Keller
  fullname: Keller, Nancy P.
  organization: University of Wisconsin at Madison
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Wayne M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7567-5059
  surname: Jurick
  fullname: Jurick, Wayne M.
  email: wayne.jurick@usda.gov
  organization: USDA‐ARS
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969130$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright 2020 The Authors. published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
2020 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
COPYRIGHT 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 The Authors. published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
– notice: 2020 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
– notice: 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Issue 11
Keywords food loss
postharvest decay
virulence regulators
mycotoxins
genomics
pome fruit
blue mould
disease management
Language English
License Attribution
2020 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The...
Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion-dollar losses annually. The...
Abstract Blue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum , is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses...
This article is a synthesis and compilation of the latest information on the mycotoxingenic blue mould fungus from multiple perspectives that entail omics,...
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gale
crossref
pubmed
wiley
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StartPage 1391
SubjectTerms Agricultural practices
Animal behavior
Apples
Biology
Blue mold
blue mould
Carbon
Citrinin
Cracks
Critical components
Crop production
Decay
Disease
Disease control
Disease management
Drug Resistance, Fungal
Enzymes
Eukaryotes
Food
food loss
Fruit
Fruit - microbiology
Fruits
Fungi
Fungicides
Fungicides, Industrial - pharmacology
Gene sequencing
Genome, Fungal - genetics
genomics
Glucose
Hazel
Host range
Host Specificity
Integrated pest management
Literature reviews
Malus - microbiology
Management tools
Metabolism
Mold
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins - metabolism
Ochratoxin A
Pathogen Profile
Pathogens
Patulin
Patulin - metabolism
Penicillic acid
Penicillium
Penicillium - drug effects
Penicillium - genetics
Penicillium - pathogenicity
Penicillium expansum
Pest control
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plant Diseases - prevention & control
pome fruit
postharvest decay
Pyrus - microbiology
Roquefortine
Rosaceae - microbiology
Rot
Sanitation
Signs and symptoms
Stems
Strategic planning (Business)
Strawberries
Taxonomy
Toxins
Transcription factors
Virulence
virulence regulators
Websites
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Title Penicillium expansum: biology, omics, and management tools for a global postharvest pathogen causing blue mould of pome fruit
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fmpp.12990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969130
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2449791860
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7548999
Volume 21
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