Roles of Elongator Dependent tRNA Modification Pathways in Neurodegeneration and Cancer

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inGenes Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 19
Main Authors Hawer, Harmen, Hammermeister, Alexander, Ravichandran, Keerthiraju Ethiraju, Glatt, Sebastian, Schaffrath, Raffael, Klassen, Roland
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 28.12.2018
MDPI
Subjects
Cancer
Disease
Environmental changes
Enzymes
Gene expression
Intellectual disabilities
Metastases
Mutation
Neurodegeneration
Neurogenesis
Phosphorylation
Post-transcription
Proteins
Review
RNA polymerase
Roles
Sulfur
Transfer RNA
tRNA
tRNA Ala
Uridine
tRNA
Elongator
tRNA modification
wobble uridine modifications
epitranscriptomics
U34
neurodegeneration
diphthamide
cancer
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI10.3390/genes10010019

Cover

Abstract Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm5U34) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
AbstractList Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm5U34) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm⁵U34) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm⁵U34) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm⁵U ) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA modifications in prevention of neurodegeneration, certain cancer types upregulate tRNA modification genes to sustain cancer cell gene expression and metastasis. Multiple associations of defects in genes encoding subunits of the tRNA modifier complex Elongator with human disease highlight the importance of proper anticodon wobble uridine modifications (xm 5 U 34 ) for health. Elongator functionality requires communication with accessory proteins and dynamic phosphorylation, providing regulatory control of its function. Here, we summarized recent insights into molecular functions of the complex and the role of Elongator dependent tRNA modification in human disease.
Author Hammermeister, Alexander
Hawer, Harmen
Klassen, Roland
Schaffrath, Raffael
Glatt, Sebastian
Ravichandran, Keerthiraju Ethiraju
AuthorAffiliation 2 Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; er.keerthiraju@gmail.com (K.E.R.); sebastian.glatt@uj.edu.pl (S.G.)
1 Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany; harmenhawer@uni-kassel.de (H.H.); alex_hammermeister@t-online.de (A.H.)
3 Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; er.keerthiraju@gmail.com (K.E.R.); sebastian.glatt@uj.edu.pl (S.G.)
– name: 3 Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
– name: 1 Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany; harmenhawer@uni-kassel.de (H.H.); alex_hammermeister@t-online.de (A.H.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Harmen
  surname: Hawer
  fullname: Hawer, Harmen
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alexander
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8556-6377
  surname: Hammermeister
  fullname: Hammermeister, Alexander
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Keerthiraju Ethiraju
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2568-1343
  surname: Ravichandran
  fullname: Ravichandran, Keerthiraju Ethiraju
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Sebastian
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2815-7133
  surname: Glatt
  fullname: Glatt, Sebastian
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Raffael
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9484-5247
  surname: Schaffrath
  fullname: Schaffrath, Raffael
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Roland
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0809-0050
  surname: Klassen
  fullname: Klassen, Roland
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30597914$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1kd9LHDEQx0Ox1B_1sa8l4Etf1ubn7uVFkPNXQa9FWvoYstnJGdlLzmS34n9vzrOHCg6BGZhPvnxnZhdthRgAoS-UHHKuyPc5BMiUkNVTH9AOIw2vhGBy60W9jfZzviUlBGGEyE9omxOpGkXFDvp7HXvIODp82scwN0NM-ASWEDoIAx6uZ8f4KnbeeWsGHwP-ZYabe_OQsQ94BmOKHaxMpHXXhA5PTbCQPqOPzvQZ9p_zHvpzdvp7elFd_jz_MT2-rKyY0KGyrQRXcwuOq5Z0hkBjbStEa4EJYlXDVAOMqloJZ1pwk9rQWhroHDe2ph3fQ0dr3eXYLqCzxXUyvV4mvzDpQUfj9etO8Dd6Hv_pmsu6YawIfHsWSPFuhDzohc8W-t4EiGPWjNZMKKEkL-jBG_Q2jimU8TSTYsIVJ1wW6utLRxsr_3degGoN2BRzTuA2CCV6dVb96qyF529464enfZeBfP_Or0deB6fo
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci14070633
crossref_primary_10_1080_15476286_2020_1722449
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_18114_x
crossref_primary_10_1093_pnasnexus_pgae115
crossref_primary_10_15252_emmm_202115608
crossref_primary_10_1093_nar_gkz856
crossref_primary_10_3390_biom10020322
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00294_020_01070_2
crossref_primary_10_1111_cas_15691
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_analchem_3c02635
crossref_primary_10_15252_embj_2020105087
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_13525_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21134684
crossref_primary_10_1002_humu_23976
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41388_024_03069_2
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2405886121
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21218209
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_021_03948_x
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_021_22254_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbamcr_2020_118945
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41556_022_01020_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22168753
crossref_primary_10_3390_biom10050729
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2022_12_025
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2022_886642
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes10100770
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_abb_2021_109083
crossref_primary_10_15252_embj_2022111318
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms242417387
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmb_2025_169017
crossref_primary_10_1002_jcb_29886
crossref_primary_10_1111_jnc_16311
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_32766_3
crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2024_1441958
crossref_primary_10_3390_epigenomes4020007
crossref_primary_10_1002_biuz_202070410
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41431_020_0668_y
crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2020_566822
crossref_primary_10_1002_wrna_70011
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_020_2164_5
crossref_primary_10_15252_emmm_202216418
Cites_doi 10.1038/nature10423
10.1074/jbc.M210060200
10.1371/journal.pone.0205870
10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.027
10.1038/s41598-018-31158-2
10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102282
10.1074/jbc.M112.351429
10.1038/sj.bjc.6690427
10.1016/j.febslet.2015.02.024
10.1038/s41467-018-03221-z
10.1038/sj.onc.1202128
10.1038/nsmb.2234
10.1093/nar/gkv1009
10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01145-5
10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.10.023
10.1073/pnas.1019043108
10.1038/s10038-017-0404-9
10.1038/nsmb.3265
10.1086/318808
10.18632/oncotarget.9132
10.1016/j.biocel.2010.12.004
10.1073/pnas.1502597112
10.1089/dna.2011.1446
10.1016/j.molmed.2014.01.008
10.1038/nrg3724
10.1007/s00018-015-2121-x
10.1038/nature09138
10.1007/s00438-003-0807-5
10.1038/s41467-018-05765-6
10.1093/nar/gkv832
10.1074/jbc.M112.359844
10.1016/j.molcel.2003.08.003
10.1021/bi0504714
10.1074/jbc.275.6.4251
10.1093/genetics/159.4.1479
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02928.x
10.1074/jbc.M112.350090
10.1073/pnas.0808756105
10.5772/31680
10.1039/C0MB00076K
10.1074/jbc.M710294200
10.1111/mmi.12845
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07163.x
10.1086/506389
10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.084
10.1074/jbc.M607076200
10.4161/rna.2.2.1610
10.1021/tx400438d
10.1002/emmm.201201161
10.1093/nar/gky664
10.1111/mmi.12624
10.1002/ajmg.a.37341
10.3390/biom7010007
10.1093/emboj/20.8.1993
10.4161/cc.21919
10.1083/jcb.201409056
10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101378
10.1111/dme.13024
10.1084/jem.20160397
10.1002/humu.22843
10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.116
10.1086/318810
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3530
10.4161/15476286.2014.992276
10.1002/gcc.20454
10.1007/s100380170109
10.1080/15476286.2016.1267098
10.1007/s00439-016-1665-7
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1076
10.1038/sj.onc.1208687
10.1080/15476286.2015.1008360
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80179-3
10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.006
10.1073/pnas.0500563102
10.1105/tpc.007062
10.1128/MCB.00433-06
10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103447
10.7554/eLife.14874
10.1128/EC.00205-09
10.1128/MCB.01542-07
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04972.x
10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.017
10.1038/nchembio.2190
10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100686
10.1261/rna.065581.118
10.1002/9781119951438.eibc2623
10.1084/jem.20142288
10.1093/hmg/ddu273
10.1093/hmg/ddn375
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004639
10.1093/nar/gky312
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002258
10.3390/toxins9090272
10.1093/nar/gkw705
10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.051
10.7150/ijbs.23511
10.1074/jbc.M105303200
10.3390/toxins5050958
10.1021/jacs.7b01712
10.1038/nchembio.1610
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02794.x
10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.038
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003516
10.1074/jbc.M804064200
10.1016/S0165-4608(01)00450-2
10.1073/pnas.1014402108
10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.025
10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.010
10.1083/jcb.200910074
10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.031
10.1002/ajmg.a.36935
10.1016/j.celrep.2012.04.001
10.1074/jbc.M413373200
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06811.x
10.14348/molcells.2015.2297
10.1083/jcb.201511041
10.3390/genes9110516
10.1016/j.str.2014.11.008
10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0750
10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80194-X
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06350.x
10.1086/421530
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03632.x
10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155641
10.1093/nar/gky638
10.1038/embor.2008.209
10.7554/eLife.13567
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.006
10.1002/humu.22897
10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.043
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004424
10.1261/rna.1184108
10.1111/febs.13199
10.15252/embr.201642548
10.1093/nar/gkv980
10.1074/jbc.M312448200
10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.045
10.1007/s00018-017-2598-6
10.1016/0014-5793(80)81032-5
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02705.x
10.1093/nar/gkn1023
10.1038/s10038-017-0399-2
10.15698/mic2014.12.179
10.15252/embj.201899777
10.1261/rna.7247705
10.1101/gad.1162204
10.1038/ng.3933
10.15252/embj.201899978
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06273.x
10.1073/pnas.1206933109
10.1242/jcs.035550
10.1016/j.tins.2010.02.003
10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.004
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03055.x
10.1038/s41586-018-0243-7
10.1126/science.1142358
10.1002/1873-3468.12865
10.1371/journal.pgen.1001247
10.1186/bcr2604
10.1261/rna.048173.114
10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.026
10.15698/mic2016.01.473
10.1074/jbc.275.11.7462
10.3390/biom7020035
10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.004
10.1111/cge.13443
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.015
10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.022
10.1074/jbc.M112.402727
10.1007/s00592-011-0299-4
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003675
10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.005
10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.000441
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003647
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04989.x
10.1093/nar/gky068
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06358.x
10.1002/gcc.20122
10.15698/mic2016.11.539
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004931
10.1128/MCB.01321-06
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003888
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00004
10.1038/ncomms1938
10.1080/15476286.2017.1295204
10.1002/prot.22298
10.1093/nar/gkr406
10.1128/MCB.24.21.9487-9497.2004
10.1007/s00018-018-2747-6
10.1261/rna.048199.114
10.1021/bi800477u
10.15252/embr.201643353
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.017
10.1159/000485087
10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.021
10.1074/jbc.M804043200
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003334
10.3389/fnmol.2017.00135
10.1186/s13059-015-0779-x
10.1111/cge.12280
10.1073/pnas.0709404105
10.1038/ejhg.2017.30
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.12.003
10.1080/07357907.2018.1466896
10.1038/s41467-018-04250-4
10.1038/35104586
10.1093/jb/mvy071
10.1126/science.aao6595
10.1093/hmg/ddy043
10.1042/BST0351533
10.1128/MCB.23.24.9283-9292.2003
10.1093/nar/gkx1030
10.1006/jmbi.2001.5378
10.1038/nature07643
10.1038/nature04840
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2018 by the authors. 2018
Copyright_xml – notice: 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2018 by the authors. 2018
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
8FD
8FE
8FH
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
LK8
M7P
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.3390/genes10010019
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
Biological Science Database (Proquest)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Publicly Available Content
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
Genetics Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2073-4425
ExternalDocumentID PMC6356722
30597914
10_3390_genes10010019
Genre Journal Article
Review
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: European Union Cost Action
  grantid: EPITRAN CA16120
– fundername: Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej
  grantid: FirstTEAM/2016-1/2
– fundername: University of Kassel, Germany
  grantid: PhosMOrg (P/1082 232)
– fundername: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  grantid: SCHA750/20; SCHA750/21; KL2937/1
GroupedDBID ---
53G
5VS
8FE
8FH
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AENEX
AFKRA
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
EBD
HCIFZ
HYE
IAO
IPNFZ
KQ8
LK8
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
OK1
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PROAC
RIG
RPM
GROUPED_DOAJ
NPM
8FD
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-cb5ef63cef39b0da0e7ccb44bce240c97297e219694fabef86a165aedf3ac61d3
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 2073-4425
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 14:12:52 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 00:20:28 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 12:08:43 EDT 2025
Thu Jan 02 23:04:44 EST 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:54:48 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:52:30 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords tRNA
Elongator
tRNA modification
wobble uridine modifications
epitranscriptomics
U34
neurodegeneration
diphthamide
cancer
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c481t-cb5ef63cef39b0da0e7ccb44bce240c97297e219694fabef86a165aedf3ac61d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
Equal co-author contributions.
ORCID 0000-0002-0809-0050
0000-0003-2568-1343
0000-0001-8556-6377
0000-0003-2815-7133
0000-0001-9484-5247
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3390/genes10010019
PMID 30597914
PQID 2548393035
PQPubID 2032392
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6356722
proquest_miscellaneous_2162494953
proquest_journals_2548393035
pubmed_primary_30597914
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes10010019
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_genes10010019
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20181228
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-12-28
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2018
  text: 20181228
  day: 28
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Genes
PublicationTitleAlternate Genes (Basel)
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Bykhovskaya (ref_67) 2004; 74
Zhang (ref_200) 2010; 465
ref_91
Loucks (ref_213) 2015; 36
Dedon (ref_168) 2014; 27
Guy (ref_34) 2015; 36
Glatt (ref_85) 2012; 19
ref_130
Dewez (ref_151) 2008; 105
ref_97
Lin (ref_9) 2018; 9
Mehlgarten (ref_161) 2003; 269
Gu (ref_158) 2014; 588
Chan (ref_5) 2012; 3
Jablonowski (ref_104) 2001; 42
Alings (ref_7) 2015; 21
Lu (ref_157) 2018; 36
Khoshnood (ref_131) 2016; 73
Petrakis (ref_178) 2005; 280
Saxena (ref_44) 2007; 316
Schaffrath (ref_75) 2017; 14
Klassen (ref_74) 2018; 8
ref_122
Pellegrino (ref_196) 2018; 430
Mertel (ref_49) 2012; 90
Zung (ref_64) 2015; 167
Anderson (ref_23) 2001; 68
Alazami (ref_55) 2013; 50
Ghalei (ref_172) 2015; 208
ref_159
Judes (ref_116) 2015; 589
Wittschieben (ref_94) 1999; 4
Thiaville (ref_148) 2016; 3
Zabel (ref_181) 2008; 69
Johansson (ref_77) 2008; 28
ref_150
Otero (ref_79) 1999; 3
Huang (ref_101) 2008; 14
Rodriguez (ref_45) 2007; 46
Jablonowski (ref_99) 2007; 35
ref_156
Sun (ref_198) 2005; 44
Bandau (ref_83) 2014; 92
Dauden (ref_88) 2018; 592
Huang (ref_78) 2005; 11
Guy (ref_118) 2014; 11
Webb (ref_220) 2008; 121
ref_147
ref_81
Delaunay (ref_33) 2016; 213
ref_145
Frohloff (ref_103) 2003; 278
Arguelles (ref_218) 2014; 67
Spinola (ref_58) 2005; 24
Joshi (ref_73) 2018; 46
Pappenheimer (ref_187) 1977; 46
Phillips (ref_210) 1996; 56
Dong (ref_202) 2017; 139
Winkler (ref_80) 2001; 276
McEwen (ref_183) 2015; 282
Selvadurai (ref_93) 2014; 10
Scheidt (ref_199) 2013; 5
Frye (ref_54) 2010; 289
Nelissen (ref_175) 2003; 15
Edvardson (ref_41) 2017; 25
Konishi (ref_205) 1998; 17
Licht (ref_3) 2016; 213
Studte (ref_107) 2008; 69
Pedrioli (ref_123) 2008; 9
Lin (ref_204) 2016; 12
Shimada (ref_29) 2009; 69
Schlieker (ref_112) 2008; 105
Barrowclough (ref_188) 1980; 120
Liu (ref_219) 2012; 109
Muller (ref_12) 2015; 43
Cheong (ref_169) 2011; 43
Karlsborn (ref_21) 2014; 454
Setiaputra (ref_87) 2017; 18
Takeoka (ref_30) 2001; 46
Esberg (ref_69) 2006; 24
Okamoto (ref_155) 2012; 31
Slaugenhaupt (ref_22) 2001; 68
Kojic (ref_141) 2018; 9
Hoff (ref_207) 2001; 129
Begley (ref_28) 2013; 5
Kirino (ref_19) 2005; 2
Han (ref_8) 2015; 21
Chan (ref_6) 2015; 28
Fichtner (ref_100) 2002; 45
Vachon (ref_53) 2007; 67
Yasukawa (ref_36) 2000; 275
Koplin (ref_142) 2010; 189
Muller (ref_121) 2018; 46
Zeharia (ref_40) 2009; 85
Sokolowski (ref_18) 2018; 1861
Laguesse (ref_144) 2015; 35
Martinez (ref_50) 2012; 49
Furukawa (ref_124) 2000; 275
Cohen (ref_25) 2015; 167
Jablonowski (ref_166) 2004; 15
Bednarova (ref_17) 2017; 10
Lake (ref_134) 2001; 414
Goffena (ref_140) 2018; 9
Glatt (ref_182) 2015; 23
Liu (ref_184) 2003; 12
Fakruddin (ref_146) 2018; 22
Wikman (ref_154) 2005; 42
Nakai (ref_111) 2004; 279
Klassen (ref_72) 2017; 14
Butler (ref_173) 1994; 14
Nakai (ref_126) 2012; 287
Leidel (ref_113) 2009; 458
Schafer (ref_170) 2006; 441
Kalhor (ref_105) 2003; 23
ref_13
Laxman (ref_4) 2013; 154
Lemmens (ref_139) 2010; 33
Najmabadi (ref_24) 2011; 478
Zhu (ref_201) 2011; 7
Mehlgarten (ref_92) 2010; 76
ref_15
Jablonowski (ref_162) 2001; 159
Bohnsack (ref_20) 2018; 75
Nakai (ref_110) 2007; 27
Frye (ref_52) 2006; 16
Kopajtich (ref_37) 2014; 95
Bar (ref_180) 2008; 69
Jablonowski (ref_106) 2006; 59
Bailly (ref_1) 2012; 46
Burroughs (ref_135) 2009; 75
Leipe (ref_174) 2002; 317
Marelja (ref_136) 2008; 283
Torres (ref_16) 2014; 20
Braun (ref_42) 2017; 49
Leihne (ref_117) 2011; 39
Yasukawa (ref_38) 2000; 467
Kortel (ref_48) 2018; 103
Judes (ref_115) 2016; 3
Chistiakov (ref_43) 2011; 48
Guan (ref_39) 2006; 79
Schmitz (ref_132) 2008; 47
Abdelrahman (ref_47) 2018; 94
Frohloff (ref_102) 2001; 20
Jablonowski (ref_163) 2009; 8
Fichtner (ref_179) 2002; 44
Obata (ref_217) 2018; 44
Sekiguchi (ref_212) 2018; 63
Scheidt (ref_129) 2014; 1
Bauer (ref_167) 2012; 1
Fahiminiya (ref_51) 2014; 86
Liu (ref_211) 2017; 44
Spinola (ref_57) 2007; 55
Letoquart (ref_119) 2015; 43
Dong (ref_203) 2018; 359
Yew (ref_65) 2016; 33
Lentini (ref_120) 2018; 24
Karlsborn (ref_82) 2014; 11
Noma (ref_114) 2009; 37
Patil (ref_160) 2012; 11
Boccaletto (ref_14) 2018; 46
Shaheen (ref_46) 2016; 135
(ref_128) 2014; 68
Schultz (ref_209) 1996; 56
Chowdhury (ref_137) 2012; 287
Gillis (ref_63) 2014; 51
Kirino (ref_35) 2005; 102
Chen (ref_90) 2006; 26
Rapino (ref_32) 2018; 558
Saxena (ref_208) 1992; 52
Fichtner (ref_98) 2002; 43
Torres (ref_68) 2014; 588
Nakajima (ref_215) 2018; 63
Bartlett (ref_66) 2010; 12
ref_56
ref_177
ref_176
Shigi (ref_127) 2012; 287
Chen (ref_185) 1985; 5
Shaheen (ref_60) 2015; 16
Johansson (ref_76) 2018; 1861
Xu (ref_152) 2018; 14
Ladang (ref_153) 2015; 212
Yu (ref_214) 2014; 23
Mehlgarten (ref_165) 2009; 73
Tukenmez (ref_71) 2015; 43
ref_164
ref_62
Paraskevopoulou (ref_89) 2006; 59
Ohshio (ref_149) 2016; 477
Simpson (ref_26) 2009; 18
Fu (ref_2) 2014; 15
Asano (ref_11) 2018; 46
Leschziner (ref_61) 2011; 96
Schaffrath (ref_191) 2014; 94
ref_195
ref_194
ref_197
Liu (ref_186) 2004; 24
Liu (ref_10) 2016; 167
Termathe (ref_133) 2018; 46
Klassen (ref_143) 2016; 44
Chen (ref_216) 2004; 18
Glatt (ref_86) 2016; 23
Liscia (ref_206) 1999; 80
Ray (ref_171) 2008; 283
Nedialkova (ref_70) 2015; 161
Dauden (ref_96) 2017; 18
Xu (ref_84) 2015; 112
Dalwadi (ref_95) 2018; 75
Schorpp (ref_125) 2011; 108
ref_189
Ortiz (ref_193) 2006; 281
Jager (ref_27) 2018; 27
ref_190
Fichtner (ref_108) 2003; 49
Nakai (ref_109) 2008; 283
ref_192
Close (ref_31) 2012; 287
Petroski (ref_138) 2011; 108
Yue (ref_59) 2016; 7
References_xml – volume: 478
  start-page: 57
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Deep sequencing reveals 50 novel genes for recessive cognitive disorders
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10423
– volume: 278
  start-page: 956
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_103
  article-title: Subunit communications crucial for the functional integrity of the yeast RNA polymerase II elongator (gamma-toxin target (TOT)) complex
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M210060200
– ident: ref_197
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205870
– volume: 16
  start-page: 971
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_52
  article-title: The RNA methyltransferase Misu (NSun2) mediates Myc-induced proliferation and is upregulated in tumors
  publication-title: Curr. Biol. CB
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.027
– volume: 8
  start-page: 12749
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_74
  article-title: Collaboration of tRNA modifications and elongation factor eEF1A in decoding and nonsense suppression
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31158-2
– volume: 51
  start-page: 581
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: TRMT10A dysfunction is associated with abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, short stature and microcephaly
  publication-title: J. Med. Genet.
  doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102282
– volume: 287
  start-page: 17297
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_137
  article-title: Dual role of the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MOCS3 in tRNA thiolation and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in humans
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.351429
– volume: 80
  start-page: 821
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_206
  article-title: Prognostic significance of loss of heterozygosity at loci on chromosome 17p13.3-ter in sporadic breast cancer is evidence for a putative tumour suppressor gene
  publication-title: Br. J. Cancer
  doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690427
– volume: 589
  start-page: 904
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_116
  article-title: Urmylation and tRNA thiolation functions of ubiquitin-like Uba4.Urm1 systems are conserved from yeast to man
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.02.024
– volume: 9
  start-page: 889
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_140
  article-title: Elongator and codon bias regulate protein levels in mammalian peripheral neurons
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03221-z
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2095
  year: 1998
  ident: ref_205
  article-title: Detailed deletion mapping suggests the involvement of a tumor suppressor gene at 17p13.3, distal to p53, in the pathogenesis of lung cancers
  publication-title: Oncogene
  doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202128
– volume: 19
  start-page: 314
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_85
  article-title: The Elongator subcomplex Elp456 is a hexameric RecA-like ATPase
  publication-title: Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2234
– volume: 43
  start-page: 10989
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_119
  article-title: Insights into molecular plasticity in protein complexes from Trm9-Trm112 tRNA modifying enzyme crystal structure
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv1009
– volume: 467
  start-page: 175
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Defect in modification at the anticodon wobble nucleotide of mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) with the MERRF encephalomyopathy pathogenic mutation
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01145-5
– volume: 55
  start-page: 271
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: Ethnic differences in frequencies of gene polymorphisms in the MYCL1 region and modulation of lung cancer patients’ survival
  publication-title: Lung Cancer
  doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.10.023
– volume: 108
  start-page: 1749
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_138
  article-title: Urm1 couples sulfur transfer to ubiquitin-like protein function in oxidative stress
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019043108
– volume: 63
  start-page: 487
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_212
  article-title: A novel homozygous DPH1 mutation causes intellectual disability and unique craniofacial features
  publication-title: J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/s10038-017-0404-9
– volume: 23
  start-page: 794
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_86
  article-title: Structural basis for tRNA modification by Elp3 from Dehalococcoides mccartyi
  publication-title: Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3265
– volume: 68
  start-page: 753
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Familial dysautonomia is caused by mutations of the IKAP gene
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1086/318808
– volume: 7
  start-page: 36092
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_59
  article-title: Identification of breast cancer candidate genes using gene co-expression and protein-protein interaction information
  publication-title: Oncotarget
  doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9132
– volume: 43
  start-page: 465
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_169
  article-title: Casein kinase 1: Complexity in the family
  publication-title: Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.12.004
– volume: 112
  start-page: 10697
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_84
  article-title: Dimerization of elongator protein 1 is essential for Elongator complex assembly
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502597112
– volume: 31
  start-page: 660
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_155
  article-title: Frequent increased gene copy number and high protein expression of tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (NSUN2) in human cancers
  publication-title: DNA Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1089/dna.2011.1446
– volume: 20
  start-page: 306
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Role of tRNA modifications in human diseases
  publication-title: Trends Mol. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.01.008
– volume: 15
  start-page: 293
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Gene expression regulation mediated through reversible m6A RNA methylation
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/nrg3724
– volume: 73
  start-page: 1939
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_131
  article-title: Urm1: An essential regulator of JNK signaling and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster
  publication-title: Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS
  doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2121-x
– volume: 465
  start-page: 891
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_200
  article-title: Diphthamide biosynthesis requires an organic radical generated by an iron-sulphur enzyme
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature09138
– volume: 269
  start-page: 188
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_161
  article-title: Mutant casein kinase I (Hrr25p/Kti14p) abrogates the G1 cell cycle arrest induced by Kluyveromyces lactiszymocin in budding yeast
  publication-title: Mol. Genet. Genom. MGG
  doi: 10.1007/s00438-003-0807-5
– volume: 9
  start-page: 3195
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_141
  article-title: Elongator mutation in mice induces neurodegeneration and ataxia-like behavior
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05765-6
– volume: 43
  start-page: 9489
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_71
  article-title: The role of wobble uridine modifications in +1 translational frameshifting in eukaryotes
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv832
– volume: 287
  start-page: 17568
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_127
  article-title: Posttranslational modification of cellular proteins by a ubiquitin-like protein in bacteria
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.359844
– volume: 12
  start-page: 603
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_184
  article-title: Retroviral insertional mutagenesis identifies a small protein required for synthesis of diphthamide, the target of bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins
  publication-title: Mol. Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2003.08.003
– volume: 44
  start-page: 8801
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_198
  article-title: Solution structure of Kti11p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a novel zinc-binding module
  publication-title: Biochemistry
  doi: 10.1021/bi0504714
– volume: 275
  start-page: 4251
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Modification defect at anticodon wobble nucleotide of mitochondrial tRNAs(Leu)(UUR) with pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4251
– volume: 159
  start-page: 1479
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_162
  article-title: Sit4p protein phosphatase is required for sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin
  publication-title: Genetics
  doi: 10.1093/genetics/159.4.1479
– volume: 44
  start-page: 865
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_179
  article-title: KTI11 and KTI13, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes controlling sensitivity to G1 arrest induced by Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02928.x
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1997
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_209
  article-title: Identification of two candidate tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 17p13.3
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
– volume: 287
  start-page: 30874
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_126
  article-title: Arabidopsis molybdopterin biosynthesis protein Cnx5 collaborates with the ubiquitin-like protein Urm11 in the thio-modification of tRNA
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.350090
– volume: 105
  start-page: 18255
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_112
  article-title: A functional proteomics approach links the ubiquitin-related modifier Urm1 to a tRNA modification pathway
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808756105
– ident: ref_189
  doi: 10.5772/31680
– volume: 7
  start-page: 74
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_201
  article-title: Mechanistic understanding of Pyrococcus horikoshii Dph2, a [4Fe-4S] enzyme required for diphthamide biosynthesis
  publication-title: Mol. BioSyst.
  doi: 10.1039/C0MB00076K
– volume: 283
  start-page: 9681
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_171
  article-title: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae 60S ribosome biogenesis factor Tif6p is regulated by Hrr25p-mediated phosphorylation
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M710294200
– volume: 94
  start-page: 1213
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_191
  article-title: The diphthamide modification pathway from Saccharomyces cerevisiae—revisited
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/mmi.12845
– volume: 76
  start-page: 1082
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_92
  article-title: Elongator function in tRNA wobble uridine modification is conserved between yeast and plants
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07163.x
– volume: 79
  start-page: 291
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Mutation in TRMU related to transfer RNA modification modulates the phenotypic expression of the deafness-associated mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA mutations
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1086/506389
– volume: 477
  start-page: 413
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_149
  article-title: ALKBH8 promotes bladder cancer growth and progression through regulating the expression of survivin
  publication-title: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.084
– volume: 281
  start-page: 32639
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_193
  article-title: Translation elongation factor 2 anticodon mimicry domain mutants affect fidelity and diphtheria toxin resistance
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M607076200
– volume: 2
  start-page: 41
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Human mitochondrial diseases associated with tRNA wobble modification deficiency
  publication-title: RNA Biol.
  doi: 10.4161/rna.2.2.1610
– volume: 27
  start-page: 330
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_168
  article-title: A system of RNA modifications and biased codon use controls cellular stress response at the level of translation
  publication-title: Chem. Res. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1021/tx400438d
– volume: 5
  start-page: 366
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: A human tRNA methyltransferase 9-like protein prevents tumour growth by regulating LIN9 and HIF1-alpha
  publication-title: EMBO Mol. Med.
  doi: 10.1002/emmm.201201161
– volume: 46
  start-page: 10331
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_73
  article-title: Codon-specific effects of tRNA anticodon loop modifications on translational misreading errors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gky664
– volume: 92
  start-page: 1227
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_83
  article-title: A conserved and essential basic region mediates tRNA binding to the Elp1 subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator complex
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/mmi.12624
– volume: 167
  start-page: 3167
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_64
  article-title: Homozygous deletion of TRMT10A as part of a contiguous gene deletion in a syndrome of failure to thrive, delayed puberty, intellectual disability and diabetes mellitus
  publication-title: Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A
  doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37341
– ident: ref_122
  doi: 10.3390/biom7010007
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1993
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_102
  article-title: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator mutations confer resistance to the Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin
  publication-title: EMBO J.
  doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.8.1993
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3656
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_160
  article-title: Increased tRNA modification and gene-specific codon usage regulate cell cycle progression during the DNA damage response
  publication-title: Cell Cycle
  doi: 10.4161/cc.21919
– volume: 208
  start-page: 745
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_172
  article-title: Hrr25/CK1delta-directed release of Ltv1 from pre-40S ribosomes is necessary for ribosome assembly and cell growth
  publication-title: J. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.201409056
– volume: 50
  start-page: 425
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_55
  article-title: Mutation in ADAT3, encoding adenosine deaminase acting on transfer RNA, causes intellectual disability and strabismus
  publication-title: J. Med. Genet.
  doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101378
– volume: 33
  start-page: e21
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_65
  article-title: tRNA methyltransferase homologue gene TRMT10A mutation in young adult-onset diabetes with intellectual disability, microcephaly and epilepsy
  publication-title: Diabet. Med.
  doi: 10.1111/dme.13024
– volume: 213
  start-page: 2503
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Elp3 links tRNA modification to IRES-dependent translation of LEF1 to sustain metastasis in breast cancer
  publication-title: J. Exp. Med.
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20160397
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1015
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_213
  article-title: Matching two independent cohorts validates DPH1 as a gene responsible for autosomal recessive intellectual disability with short stature, craniofacial, and ectodermal anomalies
  publication-title: Hum. Mutat.
  doi: 10.1002/humu.22843
– volume: 454
  start-page: 441
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Familial dysautonomia (FD) patients have reduced levels of the modified wobble nucleoside mcm5s2U in tRNA
  publication-title: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.116
– volume: 68
  start-page: 598
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Tissue-specific expression of a splicing mutation in the IKBKAP gene causes familial dysautonomia
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1086/318810
– volume: 69
  start-page: 3157
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: A novel human AlkB homologue, ALKBH8, contributes to human bladder cancer progression
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
  doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3530
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1519
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_82
  article-title: Elongator, a conserved complex required for wobble uridine modifications in eukaryotes
  publication-title: RNA Biol.
  doi: 10.4161/15476286.2014.992276
– volume: 46
  start-page: 694
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Chromosome 8 BAC array comparative genomic hybridization and expression analysis identify amplification and overexpression of TRMT12 in breast cancer
  publication-title: Genes Chromosom. Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/gcc.20454
– volume: 46
  start-page: 57
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Amino-acid substitutions in the IKAP gene product significantly increase risk for bronchial asthma in children
  publication-title: J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1007/s100380170109
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1252
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_72
  article-title: Independent suppression of ribosomal +1 frameshifts by different tRNA anticodon loop modifications
  publication-title: RNA Biol.
  doi: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1267098
– volume: 135
  start-page: 707
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: A homozygous truncating mutation in PUS3 expands the role of tRNA modification in normal cognition
  publication-title: Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1007/s00439-016-1665-7
– volume: 67
  start-page: 8412
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_53
  article-title: Strong evidence of a genetic determinant for mammographic density, a major risk factor for breast cancer
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
  doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1076
– volume: 24
  start-page: 5502
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_58
  article-title: Identification and functional characterization of the candidate tumor suppressor gene TRIT1 in human lung cancer
  publication-title: Oncogene
  doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208687
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1608
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_118
  article-title: Two-subunit enzymes involved in eukaryotic post-transcriptional tRNA modification
  publication-title: RNA Biol.
  doi: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1008360
– volume: 3
  start-page: 109
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_79
  article-title: Elongator, a multisubunit component of a novel RNA polymerase II holoenzyme for transcriptional elongation
  publication-title: Mol. Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80179-3
– volume: 430
  start-page: 2677
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_196
  article-title: Structural insights into the role of diphthamide on elongation factor 2 in mRNA reading-frame maintenance
  publication-title: J. Mol. Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.006
– volume: 102
  start-page: 7127
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Specific correlation between the wobble modification deficiency in mutant tRNAs and the clinical features of a human mitochondrial disease
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0500563102
– volume: 15
  start-page: 639
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_175
  article-title: DRL1, a homolog of the yeast TOT4/KTI12 protein, has a function in meristem activity and organ growth in plants
  publication-title: Plant Cell
  doi: 10.1105/tpc.007062
– volume: 26
  start-page: 6902
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_90
  article-title: Mutations in ABO1/ELO2, a subunit of holo-Elongator, increase abscisic acid sensitivity and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
  doi: 10.1128/MCB.00433-06
– volume: 14
  start-page: 6306
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_173
  article-title: Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes which control sensitivity to G1 arrest induced by Kluyveromyces lactis toxin
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
– volume: 68
  start-page: 155
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_128
  article-title: Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein modification
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103447
– ident: ref_194
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.14874
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1637
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_163
  article-title: Distinct subsets of Sit4 holophosphatases are required for inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth by rapamycin and zymocin
  publication-title: Eukaryot. Cell
  doi: 10.1128/EC.00205-09
– volume: 28
  start-page: 3301
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_77
  article-title: Eukaryotic wobble uridine modifications promote a functionally redundant decoding system
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
  doi: 10.1128/MCB.01542-07
– volume: 59
  start-page: 677
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_106
  article-title: tRNAGlu wobble uridine methylation by Trm9 identifies Elongator’s key role for zymocin-induced cell death in yeast
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04972.x
– volume: 44
  start-page: 741.e3
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_217
  article-title: Nutritional control of stem cell division through S-adenosylmethionine in Drosophila intestine
  publication-title: Dev. Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.017
– volume: 12
  start-page: 995
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_204
  article-title: Cbr1 is a Dph3 reductase required for the tRNA wobble uridine modification
  publication-title: Nat. Chem. Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2190
– volume: 49
  start-page: 380
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: Whole exome sequencing identifies a splicing mutation in NSUN2 as a cause of a Dubowitz-like syndrome
  publication-title: J. Med Genet.
  doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100686
– volume: 24
  start-page: 749
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_120
  article-title: Monitoring the 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U) modification in eukaryotic tRNAs via the gamma-toxin endonuclease
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.065581.118
– ident: ref_97
  doi: 10.1002/9781119951438.eibc2623
– volume: 212
  start-page: 2057
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_153
  article-title: Elp3 drives Wnt-dependent tumor initiation and regeneration in the intestine
  publication-title: J. Exp. Med.
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20142288
– volume: 23
  start-page: 5579
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_214
  article-title: Role of OVCA1/DPH1 in craniofacial abnormalities of Miller-Dieker syndrome
  publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet.
  doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddu273
– volume: 18
  start-page: 472
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Variants of the elongator protein 3 (ELP3) gene are associated with motor neuron degeneration
  publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet.
  doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn375
– ident: ref_156
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004639
– volume: 46
  start-page: 5171
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_133
  article-title: The Uba4 domain interplay is mediated via a thioester that is critical for tRNA thiolation through Urm1 thiocarboxylation
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gky312
– ident: ref_81
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002258
– ident: ref_176
  doi: 10.3390/toxins9090272
– volume: 44
  start-page: 10946
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_143
  article-title: tRNA anticodon loop modifications ensure protein homeostasis and cell morphogenesis in yeast
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw705
– volume: 22
  start-page: 482
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_146
  article-title: Defective mitochondrial tRNA taurine modification activates global proteostress and leads to mitochondrial disease
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.051
– volume: 14
  start-page: 518
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_152
  article-title: Elongator promotes the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cell by the phosphorylation of AKT
  publication-title: Int. J. Biol. Sci.
  doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23511
– volume: 56
  start-page: 606
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_210
  article-title: Allelic deletion on chromosome 17p13.3 in early ovarian cancer
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
– volume: 276
  start-page: 32743
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_80
  article-title: RNA polymerase II elongator holoenzyme is composed of two discrete subcomplexes
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M105303200
– volume: 5
  start-page: 958
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_199
  article-title: Insights into diphthamide, key diphtheria toxin effector
  publication-title: Toxins
  doi: 10.3390/toxins5050958
– volume: 139
  start-page: 5680
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_202
  article-title: Substrate-dependent cleavage site selection by unconventional radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes in diphthamide biosynthesis
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b01712
– volume: 10
  start-page: 810
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_93
  article-title: Archaeal Elp3 catalyzes tRNA wobble uridine modification at C5 via a radical mechanism
  publication-title: Nat. Chem. Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1610
– volume: 43
  start-page: 783
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_98
  article-title: Molecular analysis of KTI12/TOT4, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene required for Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin action
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02794.x
– volume: 588
  start-page: 4287
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_158
  article-title: tRNA modifications regulate translation during cellular stress
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.038
– ident: ref_91
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003516
– volume: 283
  start-page: 25178
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_136
  article-title: A novel role for human Nfs1 in the cytoplasm: Nfs1 acts as a sulfur donor for MOCS3, a protein involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M804064200
– volume: 129
  start-page: 145
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_207
  article-title: Allelic imbalance and fine mapping of the 17p13.3 subregion in sporadic breast carcinomas
  publication-title: Cancer Genet. Cytogenet.
  doi: 10.1016/S0165-4608(01)00450-2
– volume: 108
  start-page: 1763
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_125
  article-title: Role of the ubiquitin-like protein Urm1 as a noncanonical lysine-directed protein modifier
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1014402108
– volume: 588
  start-page: 4279
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_68
  article-title: A-to-I editing on tRNAs: Biochemical, biological and evolutionary implications
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.025
– volume: 96
  start-page: 109
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: Q8IYL2 is a candidate gene for the familial epilepsy syndrome of Partial Epilepsy with Pericentral Spikes (PEPS)
  publication-title: Epilepsy Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.010
– volume: 189
  start-page: 57
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_142
  article-title: A dual function for chaperones SSB-RAC and the NAC nascent polypeptide-associated complex on ribosomes
  publication-title: J. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.200910074
– volume: 24
  start-page: 139
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_69
  article-title: Elevated levels of two tRNA species bypass the requirement for elongator complex in transcription and exocytosis
  publication-title: Mol. Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.031
– volume: 167
  start-page: 1391
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: ELP2 is a novel gene implicated in neurodevelopmental disabilities
  publication-title: Am. J. Med Genet. Part A
  doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36935
– volume: 1
  start-page: 424
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_167
  article-title: Translational control of cell division by Elongator
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.04.001
– volume: 280
  start-page: 19454
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_178
  article-title: Physical and functional interaction between Elongator and the chromatin-associated Kti12 protein
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M413373200
– volume: 73
  start-page: 869
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_165
  article-title: Elongator function depends on antagonistic regulation by casein kinase Hrr25 and protein phosphatase Sit4
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06811.x
– ident: ref_177
  doi: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2297
– volume: 213
  start-page: 15
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Rapid and dynamic transcriptome regulation by RNA editing and RNA modifications
  publication-title: J. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.201511041
– ident: ref_147
  doi: 10.3390/genes9110516
– volume: 23
  start-page: 149
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_182
  article-title: Structure of the Kti11/Kti13 heterodimer and its double role in modifications of tRNA and eukaryotic elongation factor 2
  publication-title: Structure
  doi: 10.1016/j.str.2014.11.008
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1459
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_166
  article-title: The yeast elongator histone acetylase requires Sit4-dependent dephosphorylation for toxin-target capacity
  publication-title: Mol. Biol. Cell
  doi: 10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0750
– volume: 4
  start-page: 123
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_94
  article-title: A novel histone acetyltransferase is an integral subunit of elongating RNA polymerase II holoenzyme
  publication-title: Mol. Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80194-X
– volume: 69
  start-page: 1221
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_180
  article-title: A versatile partner of eukaryotic protein complexes that is involved in multiple biological processes: Kti11/Dph3
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06350.x
– volume: 74
  start-page: 1303
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_67
  article-title: Missense mutation in pseudouridine synthase 1 (PUS1) causes mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia (MLASA)
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1086/421530
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1297
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_108
  article-title: Elongator’s toxin-target (TOT) function is nuclear localization sequence dependent and suppressed by post-translational modification
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03632.x
– volume: 46
  start-page: 69
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Biosynthesis and function of posttranscriptional modifications of transfer RNAs
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155641
– volume: 46
  start-page: 8483
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_121
  article-title: Evolutionary insights into Trm112-methyltransferase holoenzymes involved in translation between archaea and eukaryotes
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gky638
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1196
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_123
  article-title: Urm1 at the crossroad of modifications. ‘Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects’ review series
  publication-title: EMBO Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/embor.2008.209
– ident: ref_195
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.13567
– volume: 1861
  start-page: 401
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_76
  article-title: Elongator—a tRNA modifying complex that promotes efficient translational decoding
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.006
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1176
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Defects in tRNA anticodon loop 2′-O-methylation are implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability due to mutations in FTSJ1
  publication-title: Hum. Mutat.
  doi: 10.1002/humu.22897
– volume: 154
  start-page: 416
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Sulfur amino acids regulate translational capacity and metabolic homeostasis through modulation of tRNA thiolation
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.043
– ident: ref_56
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004424
– volume: 52
  start-page: 6716
  year: 1992
  ident: ref_208
  article-title: Evidence for the involvement of a potential second tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17 distinct from p53 in malignant astrocytomas
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 2183
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_101
  article-title: A genome-wide screen identifies genes required for formation of the wobble nucleoside 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.1184108
– volume: 282
  start-page: 819
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_183
  article-title: Structure of the Elongator cofactor complex Kti11/Kti13 provides insight into the role of Kti13 in Elongator-dependent tRNA modification
  publication-title: FEBS J.
  doi: 10.1111/febs.13199
– volume: 18
  start-page: 280
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_87
  article-title: Molecular architecture of the yeast Elongator complex reveals an unexpected asymmetric subunit arrangement
  publication-title: EMBO Rep.
  doi: 10.15252/embr.201642548
– volume: 43
  start-page: 10952
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Dynamic modulation of Dnmt2-dependent tRNA methylation by the micronutrient queuine
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv980
– volume: 279
  start-page: 12363
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_111
  article-title: Yeast Nfs1p is involved in thio-modification of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNAs
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M312448200
– volume: 167
  start-page: 816.e16
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: ALKBH1-mediated tRNA demethylation regulates translation
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.045
– volume: 75
  start-page: 241
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: The mitochondrial epitranscriptome: The roles of RNA modifications in mitochondrial translation and human disease
  publication-title: Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS
  doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2598-6
– volume: 120
  start-page: 4
  year: 1980
  ident: ref_188
  article-title: Recognition of elongation factor 2 by diphtheria toxin is not solely defined by the presence of diphthamide
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)81032-5
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1095
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_104
  article-title: Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin mode of action is linked to RNA polymerase II function via Elongator
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02705.x
– volume: 37
  start-page: 1335
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_114
  article-title: Mechanistic characterization of the sulfur-relay system for eukaryotic 2-thiouridine biogenesis at tRNA wobble positions
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn1023
– volume: 63
  start-page: 529
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_215
  article-title: Novel compound heterozygous DPH1 mutations in a patient with the unique clinical features of airway obstruction and external genital abnormalities
  publication-title: J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/s10038-017-0399-2
– volume: 1
  start-page: 416
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_129
  article-title: Loss of wobble uridine modification in tRNA anticodons interferes with TOR pathway signaling
  publication-title: Microb. Cell
  doi: 10.15698/mic2014.12.179
– ident: ref_13
  doi: 10.15252/embj.201899777
– volume: 11
  start-page: 424
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_78
  article-title: An early step in wobble uridine tRNA modification requires the Elongator complex
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.7247705
– volume: 18
  start-page: 320
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_216
  article-title: Ovca1 regulates cell proliferation, embryonic development, and tumorigenesis
  publication-title: Genes Dev.
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1162204
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1529
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Mutations in KEOPS-complex genes cause nephrotic syndrome with primary microcephaly
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3933
– ident: ref_145
  doi: 10.15252/embj.201899978
– volume: 69
  start-page: 175
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_181
  article-title: Yeast alpha-tubulin suppressor Ats1/Kti13 relates to the Elongator complex and interacts with Elongator partner protein Kti11
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06273.x
– volume: 109
  start-page: 13817
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_219
  article-title: Diphthamide modification on eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is needed to assure fidelity of mRNA translation and mouse development
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206933109
– volume: 121
  start-page: 3140
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_220
  article-title: Diphthamide modification of eEF2 requires a J-domain protein and is essential for normal development
  publication-title: J. Cell Sci.
  doi: 10.1242/jcs.035550
– volume: 33
  start-page: 249
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_139
  article-title: RNA metabolism and the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases
  publication-title: Trends Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2010.02.003
– volume: 289
  start-page: 71
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: Genomic gain of 5p15 leads to over-expression of Misu (NSUN2) in breast cancer
  publication-title: Cancer Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.004
– volume: 45
  start-page: 817
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_100
  article-title: Protein interactions within Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator, a complex essential for Kluyveromyces lactis zymocicity
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03055.x
– volume: 558
  start-page: 605
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Codon-specific translation reprogramming promotes resistance to targeted therapy
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0243-7
– volume: 316
  start-page: 1331
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1142358
– volume: 592
  start-page: 502
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_88
  article-title: Structural asymmetry in the eukaryotic Elongator complex
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.12865
– ident: ref_159
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001247
– volume: 12
  start-page: R47
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: Mammostrat as a tool to stratify breast cancer patients at risk of recurrence during endocrine therapy
  publication-title: Breast Cancer Res. BCR
  doi: 10.1186/bcr2604
– volume: 21
  start-page: 188
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Functional importance of Psi38 and Psi39 in distinct tRNAs, amplified for tRNAGln(UUG) by unexpected temperature sensitivity of the s2U modification in yeast
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.048173.114
– volume: 103
  start-page: 1045
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Variants in PUS7 Cause Intellectual Disability with Speech Delay, Microcephaly, Short Stature, and Aggressive Behavior
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.026
– volume: 3
  start-page: 29
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_148
  article-title: Global translational impacts of the loss of the tRNA modification t6A in yeast
  publication-title: Microb. Cell
  doi: 10.15698/mic2016.01.473
– volume: 275
  start-page: 7462
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_124
  article-title: A protein conjugation system in yeast with homology to biosynthetic enzyme reaction of prokaryotes
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.11.7462
– ident: ref_15
  doi: 10.3390/biom7020035
– volume: 85
  start-page: 401
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Acute infantile liver failure due to mutations in the TRMU gene
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.004
– volume: 94
  start-page: 586
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: A null variant in PUS3 confirms its involvement in intellectual disability and further delineates the associated neurodevelopmental disease
  publication-title: Clin. Genet.
  doi: 10.1111/cge.13443
– volume: 67
  start-page: 131
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_218
  article-title: Elongation factor 2 diphthamide is critical for translation of two IRES-dependent protein targets, XIAP and FGF2, under oxidative stress conditions
  publication-title: Free Radic. Biol. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.015
– volume: 161
  start-page: 1606
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_70
  article-title: Optimization of codon translation rates via tRNA modifications maintains proteome integrity
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.022
– volume: 287
  start-page: 32535
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: DERP6 (ELP5) and C3ORF75 (ELP6) regulate tumorigenicity and migration of melanoma cells as subunits of Elongator
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.402727
– volume: 48
  start-page: 227
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: The carriage of risk variants of CDKAL1 impairs beta-cell function in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients and reduces response to non-sulfonylurea and sulfonylurea agonists of the pancreatic KATP channel
  publication-title: Acta Diabetol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00592-011-0299-4
– ident: ref_130
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003675
– volume: 35
  start-page: 553
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_144
  article-title: A dynamic unfolded protein response contributes to the control of cortical neurogenesis
  publication-title: Dev. Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.005
– volume: 5
  start-page: 3357
  year: 1985
  ident: ref_185
  article-title: Diphtheria toxin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
– volume: 46
  start-page: 69
  year: 1977
  ident: ref_187
  article-title: Diphtheria toxin
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Biochem.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.000441
– ident: ref_150
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003647
– volume: 59
  start-page: 795
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_89
  article-title: The Elongator subunit Elp3 contains a Fe4S4 cluster and binds S-adenosylmethionine
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04989.x
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1565
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Metabolic and chemical regulation of tRNA modification associated with taurine deficiency and human disease
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gky068
– volume: 69
  start-page: 1266
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_107
  article-title: tRNA and protein methylase complexes mediate zymocin toxicity in yeast
  publication-title: Mol. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06358.x
– volume: 42
  start-page: 193
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_154
  article-title: CDK4 is a probable target gene in a novel amplicon at 12q13.3-q14.1 in lung cancer
  publication-title: Genes Chromosom. Cancer
  doi: 10.1002/gcc.20122
– volume: 3
  start-page: 554
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_115
  article-title: Sulfur transfer and activation by ubiquitin-like modifier system Uba4*Urm1 link protein urmylation and tRNA thiolation in yeast
  publication-title: Microb. Cell
  doi: 10.15698/mic2016.11.539
– ident: ref_164
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004931
– volume: 27
  start-page: 2841
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_110
  article-title: Thio modification of yeast cytosolic tRNA is an iron-sulfur protein-dependent pathway
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
  doi: 10.1128/MCB.01321-06
– ident: ref_62
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003888
– volume: 28
  start-page: 978
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Highly predictive reprogramming of tRNA modifications is linked to selective expression of codon-biased genes
  publication-title: Chem. Res. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00004
– volume: 3
  start-page: 937
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Reprogramming of tRNA modifications controls the oxidative stress response by codon-biased translation of proteins
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms1938
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1209
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_75
  article-title: Wobble uridine modifications—a reason to live, a reason to die?!
  publication-title: RNA Biol.
  doi: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1295204
– volume: 75
  start-page: 895
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_135
  article-title: Natural history of the E1-like superfamily: Implication for adenylation, sulfur transfer, and ubiquitin conjugation
  publication-title: Proteins
  doi: 10.1002/prot.22298
– volume: 39
  start-page: 7688
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_117
  article-title: Roles of Trm9- and ALKBH8-like proteins in the formation of modified wobble uridines in Arabidopsis tRNA
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr406
– volume: 24
  start-page: 9487
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_186
  article-title: Identification of the proteins required for biosynthesis of diphthamide, the target of bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins on translation elongation factor 2
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
  doi: 10.1128/MCB.24.21.9487-9497.2004
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1613
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_95
  article-title: Structural insights into the function of Elongator
  publication-title: Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS
  doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2747-6
– volume: 21
  start-page: 202
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: An evolutionary approach uncovers a diverse response of tRNA 2-thiolation to elevated temperatures in yeast
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.048199.114
– volume: 47
  start-page: 6479
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_132
  article-title: The sulfurtransferase activity of Uba4 presents a link between ubiquitin-like protein conjugation and activation of sulfur carrier proteins
  publication-title: Biochemistry
  doi: 10.1021/bi800477u
– volume: 18
  start-page: 264
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_96
  article-title: Architecture of the yeast Elongator complex
  publication-title: EMBO Rep.
  doi: 10.15252/embr.201643353
– volume: 95
  start-page: 708
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Mutations in GTPBP3 cause a mitochondrial translation defect associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and encephalopathy
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.017
– volume: 44
  start-page: 505
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_211
  article-title: Diphthamide biosynthesis 1 is a novel oncogene in colorectal cancer cells and is regulated by MiR-218-5p
  publication-title: Cell. Physiol. Biochem.
  doi: 10.1159/000485087
– volume: 90
  start-page: 847
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Mutations in NSUN2 cause autosomal-recessive intellectual disability
  publication-title: Am. J. Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.021
– volume: 283
  start-page: 27469
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_109
  article-title: Thio-modification of yeast cytosolic tRNA requires a ubiquitin-related system that resembles bacterial sulfur transfer systems
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M804043200
– ident: ref_190
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003334
– volume: 10
  start-page: 135
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Lost in translation: Defects in transfer RNA modifications and neurological disorders
  publication-title: Front. Mol. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00135
– volume: 16
  start-page: 210
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Mutation in WDR4 impairs tRNA m7G46 methylation and causes a distinct form of microcephalic primordial dwarfism
  publication-title: Genome Biol.
  doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0779-x
– volume: 86
  start-page: 134
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Whole exome sequencing unravels disease-causing genes in consanguineous families in Qatar
  publication-title: Clin. Genet.
  doi: 10.1111/cge.12280
– volume: 105
  start-page: 5459
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_151
  article-title: The conserved Wobble uridine tRNA thiolase Ctu1-Ctu2 is required to maintain genome integrity
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0709404105
– volume: 25
  start-page: 545
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: tRNA N6-adenosine threonylcarbamoyltransferase defect due to KAE1/TCS3 (OSGEP) mutation manifest by neurodegeneration and renal tubulopathy
  publication-title: Eur. J. Hum. Genet. EJHG
  doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.30
– volume: 1861
  start-page: 409
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Cooperativity between different tRNA modifications and their modification pathways
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.12.003
– volume: 36
  start-page: 246
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_157
  article-title: High tRNA transferase NSUN2 gene expression is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous carcinoma
  publication-title: Cancer Investig.
  doi: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1466896
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1875
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: CO2-sensitive tRNA modification associated with human mitochondrial disease
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04250-4
– volume: 414
  start-page: 325
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_134
  article-title: Mechanism of ubiquitin activation revealed by the structure of a bacterial MoeB-MoaD complex
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/35104586
– ident: ref_192
  doi: 10.1093/jb/mvy071
– volume: 359
  start-page: 1247
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_203
  article-title: Organometallic and radical intermediates reveal mechanism of diphthamide biosynthesis
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aao6595
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1276
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Elongator subunit 3 (ELP3) modifies ALS through tRNA modification
  publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet.
  doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy043
– volume: 35
  start-page: 1533
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_99
  article-title: Zymocin, a composite chitinase and tRNase killer toxin from yeast
  publication-title: Biochem. Soc. Trans.
  doi: 10.1042/BST0351533
– volume: 23
  start-page: 9283
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_105
  article-title: Novel methyltransferase for modified uridine residues at the wobble position of tRNA
  publication-title: Mol. Cell. Biol.
  doi: 10.1128/MCB.23.24.9283-9292.2003
– volume: 46
  start-page: D303
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: MODOMICS: A database of RNA modification pathways. 2017 update
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1030
– volume: 317
  start-page: 41
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_174
  article-title: Classification and evolution of P-loop GTPases and related ATPases
  publication-title: J. Mol. Biol.
  doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5378
– volume: 458
  start-page: 228
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_113
  article-title: Ubiquitin-related modifier Urm1 acts as a sulphur carrier in thiolation of eukaryotic transfer RNA
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature07643
– volume: 441
  start-page: 651
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_170
  article-title: Hrr25-dependent phosphorylation state regulates organization of the pre-40S subunit
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04840
SSID ssj0000402005
Score 2.333163
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 19
SubjectTerms Cancer
Disease
Environmental changes
Enzymes
Gene expression
Intellectual disabilities
Metastases
Mutation
Neurodegeneration
Neurogenesis
Phosphorylation
Post-transcription
Proteins
Review
RNA polymerase
Roles
Sulfur
Transfer RNA
tRNA
tRNA Ala
Uridine
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3fS9xAEB7qieBLaeuPxtqyBemTwfzYJJunYu2JFDzkqOhb2MxuroIk1ovI_fedSfZST2lf8rIDCTu7M_PtTr4P4ACRMFeI2pdlRA9lS1-lceznqFluWyrsfqQ9n6Rnl_LHdXLtDtzmrq1yGRO7QG0a5DPyIwIylMsp4CZf7377rBrFt6tOQmMN1ikEKwJf69_Gk4vpcMoSMDwKkp5cMyZ8fzTjEMLEQ0HHrvM0Gb2oMJ83Sj7JPKdv4LUrGcVx7-O38MrW72CjF5FcbMHVlDmZRFOJ8W1TzxhEi-9O2rYV7XRyLM4bwx1BnRPEBdV8j3oxFze16Kg5jJ113NPdqK6NOOGVcL8Nl6fjnydnvpNL8FGqsPWxTGyVxmirOC8DowObIZZSlmgpbWNOZXRmI6bDkZUubaVSHaaJtqaKNaahiXdgVDe1fQ9CWp1nhswwTaSxRhuslKVKQiuThFXoweFy3gp0XOIsaXFbEKbgaS5WptmDL4P5XU-i8S_D_aUTCreX5sVfz3vweRimXcBXG7q2zQPZhGnEPDtJ7MFu77PhTRTR8iwPpQfZijcHA2bYXh2pb351TNtM3pdF0d7_P-sDbFIZpbjJJVL7MGrvH-xHKlXa8pNbj38AwJ_tow
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Roles of Elongator Dependent tRNA Modification Pathways in Neurodegeneration and Cancer
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30597914
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548393035
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2162494953
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6356722
Volume 10
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3fS-NAEB5ORfDl8PfFH2UPxCejJtkkmwcRz6vIQYsUi76Fze6mCiXRGtH-985s0nrVE-4lLzskMDO7833J5BuAPaWQc3lKujzz8SJM5oooCNxESRq3zYWyP9J2utFln_-5DW_fJYUaBz79k9rRPKn-aHj4-jg-xQ1_QowTKfvRgE4F0hIivDIHC1iUYtqjnQbp20OZeJJtaPQxqV2OqVorbn6-w2yF-gQ7P3ZP_lWOLpbhe4Mj2Vkd-BX4ZopVWKwnS47X4KZHQk2szFl7WBYDYtbsdzPvtmJVr3vGOqWmNiEbGXaFQPBFjp_YfcGsXoc2AytIbVdlodk5pcdoHfoX7evzS7eZoeAqLrzKVVlo8ihQJg-S7FjLYxMrlXGeKYO1XCWIrWPjk0YOz2VmchFJLwql0XkgVeTpYAPmi7IwP4BxI5NYo5mKQq6NllrlwiC8kEKHXu45cDDxW6oagXGaczFMkWiQm9MZNzuwPzV_qJU1vjLcmQQhneRHirwWoR3W39CBn9Nl3Br0vUMWpnxGGy_ySXwnDBzYrGM2fRIec0mceNyBeCaaUwOS3Z5dKe7vrPw2KfrFvr_1H8_dhiUEWILaX3yxA_PV6NnsIoipshYs_Gp3r3otm6Yt-5bpDWum9cg
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VrRBcUHkHWjAScCJqEjuJc0BVH1ttaXdVrVrRW3BsZ6lUJaWbqto_xW9kJi-6ILj1kotHSTTvscffALzXGmsuXytXZAE-pM1cGXHuJlrRuG0hdX2RdjyJRqfiy1l4tgI_u7sw1FbZ-cTaUZtS0x75JhYyGMvR4YZblz9cmhpFp6vdCI1GLQ7t4gZLtvnngz2U74cg2B-e7I7cdqqAq4X0K1dnoc0jrm3Ok8wzyrOx1pkQmbYY3XSC2WZsA0KNEbnKbC4j5UehsibnSke-4fjee7AqOJYyA1jdGU6Op_2ujkflmBc2YJ6cJ97mjFwWAR15NZrP7eD3V0b7Z2PmrUi3vwaP2hSVbTc69RhWbPEE7jdDKxdP4euUMKBYmbPhRVnMqGhne-0o3YpV08k2G5eGOpBqobNjzDFv1GLOzgtWQ4EYO6uxrutVVRi2S5p39QxO74SRz2FQlIV9CUxYlcQGyXQUCmONMjqXFjMXJU3o574Dnzq-pbrFLqcRGhcp1jDE5nSJzQ587MkvG9COfxGud0JIW9udp781zYF3_TJaHR2lqMKW10jjRwHh-oTcgReNzPovoQdN4sQXDsRL0uwJCNF7eaU4_14jexNYYBwEr_7_W2_hwehkfJQeHUwOX8NDTOEkNdgEch0G1dW13cA0qcretLrJ4Ntdm8MvhHctVw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6VVCAuiDeGAosEnLDix9peHxAqTaKW0iiKqOjNrPeRVqrstnFV5a_x65jxiwYEt1582ZFtzXt2Z78BeKsU1ly-ki7PA3wIk7siDkM3VZLGbXOh6ou0B9N495B_OYqONuBndxeG2io7n1g7al0q2iMfYiGDsRwdbjS0bVvEbDT5dHbu0gQpOmntxmk0KrJvVldYvi0_7o1Q1u-CYDL-trPrthMGXMWFX7kqj4yNQ2VsmOaelp5JlMo5z5XBSKdSzDwTExCCDLcyN1bE0o8jabQNpYp9HeJ7b8FmglWRN4DNz-PpbN7v8HhUmnlRA-wZhqk3XJD7ItAjr0b2uR4I_8pu_2zSvBb1JvfhXpuusu1Gvx7Ahikewu1mgOXqEXyfEx4UKy0bn5bFggp4NmrH6lasmk-32UGpqRupVgA2w3zzSq6W7KRgNSyINosa97pelYVmO6SFF4_h8EYY-QQGRVmYZ8C4kWmikUzFEddGS62sMJjFSKEj3_oOfOj4lqkWx5zGaZxmWM8Qm7M1Njvwvic_awA8_kW41Qkha-14mf3WOgfe9MtogXSsIgtTXiKNHweE8ROFDjxtZNZ_Cb1pmqQ-dyBZk2ZPQOje6yvFyXGN8k3AgUkQPP__b72GO2gG2de96f4LuIvZnKBem0BswaC6uDQvMWOq8letajL4cdPW8Av81DGM
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Roles+of+Elongator+Dependent+tRNA+Modification+Pathways+in+Neurodegeneration+and+Cancer&rft.jtitle=Genes&rft.au=Hawer%2C+Harmen&rft.au=Hammermeister%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Ravichandran%2C+Keerthiraju+Ethiraju&rft.au=Glatt%2C+Sebastian&rft.date=2018-12-28&rft.issn=2073-4425&rft.eissn=2073-4425&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fgenes10010019&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2073-4425&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2073-4425&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2073-4425&client=summon