Applying machine learning based on multiscale classifiers to detect remote phenology patterns in Cerrado savanna trees
Plant phenology is one of the most reliable indicators of species responses to global climate change, motivating the development of new technologies for phenological monitoring. Digital cameras or near remote systems have been efficiently applied as multi-channel imaging sensors, where leaf color in...
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Published in | Ecological informatics Vol. 23; pp. 49 - 61 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.09.2014
Elsevier |
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Abstract | Plant phenology is one of the most reliable indicators of species responses to global climate change, motivating the development of new technologies for phenological monitoring. Digital cameras or near remote systems have been efficiently applied as multi-channel imaging sensors, where leaf color information is extracted from the RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) color channels, and the changes in green levels are used to infer leafing patterns of plant species. In this scenario, texture information is a great ally for image analysis that has been little used in phenology studies. We monitored leaf-changing patterns of Cerrado savanna vegetation by taking daily digital images. We extract RGB channels from the digital images and correlate them with phenological changes. Additionally, we benefit from the inclusion of textural metrics for quantifying spatial heterogeneity. Our first goals are: (1) to test if color change information is able to characterize the phenological pattern of a group of species; (2) to test if the temporal variation in image texture is useful to distinguish plant species; and (3) to test if individuals from the same species may be automatically identified using digital images. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach based on multiscale classifiers to detect phenological patterns in the digital images. Our results indicate that: (1) extreme hours (morning and afternoon) are the best for identifying plant species; (2) different plant species present a different behavior with respect to the color change information; and (3) texture variation along temporal images is promising information for capturing phenological patterns. Based on those results, we suggest that individuals from the same species and functional group might be identified using digital images, and introduce a new tool to help phenology experts in the identification of new individuals from the same species in the image and their location on the ground.
•We monitored leaf-changing patterns of a Cerrado vegetation by taking daily images.•We extract color and texture features and correlate them with phenological changes.•We present a machine learning approach to detect phenological patterns in the images.•Our method is able to distinguish species and functional groups of plants by images.•This new tool can help phenology experts in the species identification on-the-ground. |
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AbstractList | Plant phenology is one of the most reliable indicators of species responses to global climate change, motivating the development of new technologies for phenological monitoring. Digital cameras or near remote systems have been efficiently applied as multi-channel imaging sensors, where leaf color information is extracted from the RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) color channels, and the changes in green levels are used to infer leafing patterns of plant species. In this scenario, texture information is a great ally for image analysis that has been little used in phenology studies. We monitored leaf-changing patterns of Cerrado savanna vegetation by taking daily digital images. We extract RGB channels from the digital images and correlate them with phenological changes. Additionally, we benefit from the inclusion of textural metrics for quantifying spatial heterogeneity. Our first goals are: (1) to test if color change information is able to characterize the phenological pattern of a group of species; (2) to test if the temporal variation in image texture is useful to distinguish plant species; and (3) to test if individuals from the same species may be automatically identified using digital images. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach based on multiscale classifiers to detect phenological patterns in the digital images. Our results indicate that: (1) extreme hours (morning and afternoon) are the best for identifying plant species; (2) different plant species present a different behavior with respect to the color change information; and (3) texture variation along temporal images is promising information for capturing phenological patterns. Based on those results, we suggest that individuals from the same species and functional group might be identified using digital images, and introduce a new tool to help phenology experts in the identification of new individuals from the same species in the image and their location on the ground.
•We monitored leaf-changing patterns of a Cerrado vegetation by taking daily images.•We extract color and texture features and correlate them with phenological changes.•We present a machine learning approach to detect phenological patterns in the images.•Our method is able to distinguish species and functional groups of plants by images.•This new tool can help phenology experts in the species identification on-the-ground. |
Author | Almeida, Jurandy dos Santos, Jefersson A. Alberton, Bruna Torres, Ricardo da S. Morellato, Leonor Patricia C. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jurandy surname: Almeida fullname: Almeida, Jurandy email: jurandy.almeida@ic.unicamp.br organization: RECOD Lab, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas — UNICAMP, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Jefersson A. surname: dos Santos fullname: dos Santos, Jefersson A. email: jsantos@ic.unicamp.br organization: RECOD Lab, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas — UNICAMP, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Bruna surname: Alberton fullname: Alberton, Bruna email: bru.alberton@gmail.com organization: Phenology Lab, Dept. of Botany, Sao Paulo State University — UNESP, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Ricardo da S. surname: Torres fullname: Torres, Ricardo da S. email: rtorres@ic.unicamp.br organization: RECOD Lab, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas — UNICAMP, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Leonor Patricia C. surname: Morellato fullname: Morellato, Leonor Patricia C. email: pmorella@rc.unesp.br organization: Phenology Lab, Dept. of Botany, Sao Paulo State University — UNESP, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil |
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Cites_doi | 10.3354/cr00811 10.1007/s00442-006-0657-z 10.1139/b95-020 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.07.002 10.1890/08-2022.1 10.1038/nature06937 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.073 10.1109/TSMC.1973.4309314 10.1078/1433-8319-00076 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2186582 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01717.x 10.1093/treephys/25.7.813 10.1002/joc.819 10.1080/17550874.2011.579188 10.1109/TPAMI.1986.4767760 10.1007/s11263-005-6299-0 10.1109/JSTARS.2009.2021959 10.1038/416389a 10.1016/S0031-3203(00)00149-7 10.1007/s004840050097 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.10.003 10.1038/382146a0 10.1007/s00468-006-0056-4 10.1038/nature01286 10.1007/s00484-003-0191-1 |
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Keywords | Image analysis Digital cameras Tropical forests Remote phenology Machine learning Learning Biome Phenology Savanna woodland Tropical forest Cerrado |
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SubjectTerms | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Digital cameras Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects. Techniques General forest ecology Generalities. Production, biomass. Quality of wood and forest products. General forest ecology Image analysis Machine learning Methods and techniques (sampling, tagging, trapping, modelling...) Remote phenology Tropical forests |
Title | Applying machine learning based on multiscale classifiers to detect remote phenology patterns in Cerrado savanna trees |
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