Deletion of TSPO Causes Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Mouse Retina
Cholesterol dysregulation has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. The 18 KDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the mitochondrial outer m...
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Published in | Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 11; p. 3066 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
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Abstract | Cholesterol dysregulation has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. The 18 KDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane. TSPO is highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and TSPO ligands have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD. Here, we characterized retinal pathology of
knockout (KO) mice using histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular biological approaches. We found that
KO mice had normal retinal morphology (by light microscopy) but showed elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids with perturbed cholesterol efflux in the RPE cells of
KO mice. Expression of cholesterol-associated genes (
,
,
,
and
) was significantly downregulated, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was markedly increased in
KO retinas. Furthermore, microglial activation was also observed in
KO mouse retinas. These findings provide new insights into the function of TSPO in the retina and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AMD. |
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AbstractList | Cholesterol dysregulation has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. The 18 KDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane. TSPO is highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and TSPO ligands have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD. Here, we characterized retinal pathology of Tspo knockout (KO) mice using histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular biological approaches. We found that Tspo KO mice had normal retinal morphology (by light microscopy) but showed elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids with perturbed cholesterol efflux in the RPE cells of Tspo KO mice. Expression of cholesterol-associated genes (Nr1h3, Abca1, Abcg1, Cyp27a1 and Cyp46a1) was significantly downregulated, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was markedly increased in Tspo KO retinas. Furthermore, microglial activation was also observed in Tspo KO mouse retinas. These findings provide new insights into the function of TSPO in the retina and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AMD. Cholesterol dysregulation has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. The 18 KDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane. TSPO is highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and TSPO ligands have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD. Here, we characterized retinal pathology of knockout (KO) mice using histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular biological approaches. We found that KO mice had normal retinal morphology (by light microscopy) but showed elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids with perturbed cholesterol efflux in the RPE cells of KO mice. Expression of cholesterol-associated genes ( , , , and ) was significantly downregulated, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was markedly increased in KO retinas. Furthermore, microglial activation was also observed in KO mouse retinas. These findings provide new insights into the function of TSPO in the retina and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AMD. Cholesterol dysregulation has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. The 18 KDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane. TSPO is highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and TSPO ligands have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD. Here, we characterized retinal pathology of Tspo knockout (KO) mice using histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular biological approaches. We found that Tspo KO mice had normal retinal morphology (by light microscopy) but showed elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids with perturbed cholesterol efflux in the RPE cells of Tspo KO mice. Expression of cholesterol-associated genes ( Nr1h3 , Abca1 , Abcg1 , Cyp27a1 and Cyp46a1 ) was significantly downregulated, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was markedly increased in Tspo KO retinas. Furthermore, microglial activation was also observed in Tspo KO mouse retinas. These findings provide new insights into the function of TSPO in the retina and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AMD. |
Author | Bartholomew, Chris Hurd, Toby W Shu, Xinhua Farhan, Fahad Findlay, Amy S Almarhoun, Mohammad Wong, Aileen Williams, Mark T S |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK 2 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Amy.Findlay@igmm.ed.ac.uk (A.S.F.); toby.hurd@ed.ac.uk (T.W.H.) 1 Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; fahad.farhan@gcu.ac.uk (F.F.); MALMAR200@caledonian.ac.uk (M.A.); Aileen.Wong@gcu.ac.uk (A.W.); C.Bartholomew@gcu.ac.uk (C.B.); Mark.Williams@gcu.ac.uk (M.T.S.W.) 3 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK – name: 1 Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; fahad.farhan@gcu.ac.uk (F.F.); MALMAR200@caledonian.ac.uk (M.A.); Aileen.Wong@gcu.ac.uk (A.W.); C.Bartholomew@gcu.ac.uk (C.B.); Mark.Williams@gcu.ac.uk (M.T.S.W.) – name: 2 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Amy.Findlay@igmm.ed.ac.uk (A.S.F.); toby.hurd@ed.ac.uk (T.W.H.) – name: 3 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fahad surname: Farhan fullname: Farhan, Fahad organization: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammad surname: Almarhoun fullname: Almarhoun, Mohammad organization: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Aileen orcidid: 0000-0003-3618-1897 surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Aileen organization: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Amy S surname: Findlay fullname: Findlay, Amy S organization: MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Chris orcidid: 0000-0002-1153-8389 surname: Bartholomew fullname: Bartholomew, Chris organization: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Mark T S orcidid: 0000-0003-1114-1418 surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Mark T S organization: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Toby W surname: Hurd fullname: Hurd, Toby W organization: MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK – sequence: 8 givenname: Xinhua orcidid: 0000-0003-3760-3019 surname: Shu fullname: Shu, Xinhua organization: Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK |
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SubjectTerms | ABCA1 protein Age age-related macular degeneration Aging Animals ATP-binding protein Binding sites Biological Transport Cholesterol Cholesterol - metabolism Choroid - metabolism Cytokines Cytokines - metabolism Ethanol Gene Deletion Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation Homeostasis Homeostasis - genetics Inflammation Inflammation - genetics Inflammation Mediators - metabolism Ligands Light microscopy Lipid Metabolism Lipids Macular degeneration Membrane proteins Metabolism Mice Mice, Knockout Microglia - metabolism Microglia - pathology Mitochondria Phospholipids Polymerase chain reaction Protein transport Proteins Receptors, GABA - genetics Receptors, GABA - metabolism Retina Retina - metabolism Retina - pathology Retinal Pigment Epithelium - metabolism Steroids Triglycerides TSPO |
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Title | Deletion of TSPO Causes Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Mouse Retina |
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