Protective effect of hyperimmune egg yolk IgY antibodies against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima infections

• Published in: Veterinary parasitology Vol. 163; no. 1-2; pp. 123 - 126
• Main Authors: Lee, S.H., Lillehoj, H.S., Park, D.W., Jang, S.I., Morales, A., García, D., Lucio, E., Larios, R., Victoria, G., Marrufo, D., Lillehoj, Erik P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 07.07.2009; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; antibodies; Antibodies, Protozoan - immunology; broiler chickens; Chickens; chicks; Coccidiosis; Coccidiosis - prevention & control; diet therapy; Dietary Supplements; disease prevention; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; egg yolk; Egg Yolk - immunology; Egg yolk IgY; Eimeria; Eimeria maxima; Eimeria tenella; Feces - parasitology; immune response; immunoglobulin Y; immunoglobulins; Immunoglobulins - immunology; immunostimulants; immunotherapy; liveweight gain; Oocysts; oral administration; passive immunity; Passive immunization; poultry diseases; Poultry Diseases - immunology; Poultry Diseases - prevention & control; powders; protozoal infections; Weight Gain; Egg yolk IgY; Eimeria; Coccidiosis; Passive immunization; Chickens
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.020
• ISSN: 0304-4017

Avian coccidiosis is caused by several distinct species of Eimeria protozoa and is the major parasitic disease of poultry of economic importance. As an alternative strategy to control avian coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, we have investigated the efficacy of inducing passive immunity against coccidiosis by orally feeding hyperimmune IgY antibodies. In this study, a commercially available egg yolk powder, Supracox® (SC), a purified IgY fraction of egg yolk prepared from hens hyperimmunized with three major species of Eimeria oocysts, were continuously fed to young chicks from hatch. Upon orally infecting these broiler chicks with Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima oocysts at 1 week of age, they showed significantly higher body weight gains (P<0.05) compared to the untreated controls. Furthermore, SC-fed chicks showed significantly less intestinal lesions and reduced fecal oocyst output compared to the untreated controls following oral infections with E. tenella and E. maxima. These results provide clear evidence that passive immunization of chicks with hyperimmune egg yolk IgY antibodies provide significant protection against E. tenella or E. maxima infections.