Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic sea-ice loss
Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Although these cold winters are thought to be partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea...
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| Published in | Nature communications Vol. 5; no. 1; p. 4646 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
02.09.2014
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 2041-1723 |
| DOI | 10.1038/ncomms5646 |
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| Abstract | Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Although these cold winters are thought to be partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold winters remains a subject of debate. Here, by conducting observational analyses and model experiments, we show how Arctic sea-ice loss and cold winters in extra-polar regions are dynamically connected through the polar stratosphere. We find that decreased sea-ice cover during early winter months (November–December), especially over the Barents–Kara seas, enhances the upward propagation of planetary-scale waves with wavenumbers of 1 and 2, subsequently weakening the stratospheric polar vortex in mid-winter (January–February). The weakened polar vortex preferentially induces a negative phase of Arctic Oscillation at the surface, resulting in low temperatures in mid-latitudes.
The mechanism behind the severely cold winters experienced by the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in recent years is not fully understood. Here, the authors combine observational analyses and model experiments to reveal a dynamic connection between Arctic sea-ice cover and the polar stratosphere. |
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| AbstractList | Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Although these cold winters are thought to be partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold winters remains a subject of debate. Here, by conducting observational analyses and model experiments, we show how Arctic sea-ice loss and cold winters in extra-polar regions are dynamically connected through the polar stratosphere. We find that decreased sea-ice cover during early winter months (November-December), especially over the Barents-Kara seas, enhances the upward propagation of planetary-scale waves with wavenumbers of 1 and 2, subsequently weakening the stratospheric polar vortex in mid-winter (January-February). The weakened polar vortex preferentially induces a negative phase of Arctic Oscillation at the surface, resulting in low temperatures in mid-latitudes. Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Although these cold winters are thought to be partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold winters remains a subject of debate. Here, by conducting observational analyses and model experiments, we show how Arctic sea-ice loss and cold winters in extra-polar regions are dynamically connected through the polar stratosphere. We find that decreased sea-ice cover during early winter months (November-December), especially over the Barents-Kara seas, enhances the upward propagation of planetary-scale waves with wavenumbers of 1 and 2, subsequently weakening the stratospheric polar vortex in mid-winter (January-February). The weakened polar vortex preferentially induces a negative phase of Arctic Oscillation at the surface, resulting in low temperatures in mid-latitudes.Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Although these cold winters are thought to be partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold winters remains a subject of debate. Here, by conducting observational analyses and model experiments, we show how Arctic sea-ice loss and cold winters in extra-polar regions are dynamically connected through the polar stratosphere. We find that decreased sea-ice cover during early winter months (November-December), especially over the Barents-Kara seas, enhances the upward propagation of planetary-scale waves with wavenumbers of 1 and 2, subsequently weakening the stratospheric polar vortex in mid-winter (January-February). The weakened polar vortex preferentially induces a negative phase of Arctic Oscillation at the surface, resulting in low temperatures in mid-latitudes. Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Although these cold winters are thought to be partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold winters remains a subject of debate. Here, by conducting observational analyses and model experiments, we show how Arctic sea-ice loss and cold winters in extra-polar regions are dynamically connected through the polar stratosphere. We find that decreased sea-ice cover during early winter months (November–December), especially over the Barents–Kara seas, enhances the upward propagation of planetary-scale waves with wavenumbers of 1 and 2, subsequently weakening the stratospheric polar vortex in mid-winter (January–February). The weakened polar vortex preferentially induces a negative phase of Arctic Oscillation at the surface, resulting in low temperatures in mid-latitudes. The mechanism behind the severely cold winters experienced by the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in recent years is not fully understood. Here, the authors combine observational analyses and model experiments to reveal a dynamic connection between Arctic sea-ice cover and the polar stratosphere. |
| ArticleNumber | 4646 |
| Author | Son, Seok-Woo Shim, Taehyoun Min, Seung-Ki Kim, Baek-Min Zhang, Xiangdong Yoon, Jin-Ho Kim, Seong-Joong Jeong, Jee-Hoon |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Baek-Min surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Baek-Min organization: Division of Polar Climate Change Research, Korea Polar Research Institute – sequence: 2 givenname: Seok-Woo surname: Son fullname: Son, Seok-Woo organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University – sequence: 3 givenname: Seung-Ki surname: Min fullname: Min, Seung-Ki organization: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Jee-Hoon surname: Jeong fullname: Jeong, Jee-Hoon organization: Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University – sequence: 5 givenname: Seong-Joong surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Seong-Joong email: seongjkim@kopri.re.kr organization: Division of Polar Climate Change Research, Korea Polar Research Institute – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiangdong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiangdong organization: International Arctic Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks – sequence: 7 givenname: Taehyoun surname: Shim fullname: Shim, Taehyoun organization: Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University – sequence: 8 givenname: Jin-Ho surname: Yoon fullname: Yoon, Jin-Ho organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181390$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Successive cold winters of severely low temperatures in recent years have had critical social and economic impacts on the mid-latitude continents in the... |
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| SubjectTerms | 704/106/125 704/106/35 Economic impact Humanities and Social Sciences Ice cover Latitude Low temperature multidisciplinary Polar environments Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sea ice Stratosphere Vortices |
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| Title | Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic sea-ice loss |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/ncomms5646 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181390 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1558846431 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1560095821 |
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