Cognitive style and on-line database search experience as predictors of Web search performance

This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on‐line database search experience (novice and experienced) on the World Wide Web (WWW) search performance of undergraduate college students (n = 48). It also attempted to find user factors th...

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Published inJournal of the American Society for Information Science Vol. 51; no. 6; pp. 558 - 566
Main Authors Palmquist, Ruth A., Kim, Kyung-Sun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2000
American Documentation Institute
Wiley Periodicals Inc
Subjects
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive Style
College Students
Computer Interfaces
Computer System Design
Dependence
Design
Environment
Hypermedia
Individual differences
Information processing
Information Retrieval
Information Science
Information Seeking
Information systems
Library and information science
Library science
Man Machine Systems
Online information services
Peer Acceptance
Predictor Variables
Prior Learning
Problem solving
Resistance (Psychology)
Search Strategies
Searches
Searching
Skills
Spatial Ability
Studies
Undergraduate Students
User Training
Users (Information)
Webs
Websites
World Wide Web
New York
United States > US
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0002-8231
2330-1635
1097-4571
2330-1643
DOI10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9

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Abstract This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on‐line database search experience (novice and experienced) on the World Wide Web (WWW) search performance of undergraduate college students (n = 48). It also attempted to find user factors that could be used to predict search efficiency. Search performance, the dependent variable, was defined in two ways: (1) time required for retrieving a relevant information item, and (2) the number of nodes traversed for retrieving a relevant information item. The search tasks required were carried out on a University Web site, and included a factual task and a topical search task of interest to the participant. Results indicated that while cognitive style (FD/FI) significantly influenced the search performance of novice searchers, the influence was greatly reduced in those searchers who had on‐line database search experience. Based on the findings, suggestions for possible changes to the design of the current Web interface and to user training programs are provided.
AbstractList The Web has captured the imagination of millions of users all over the world. It is crucial for Web designers and indeed for all of us to understand how individuals with different cognitive style, different cognitive abilities, and different background in information systems interact with the vast amount of information presented on the Web. At the heart of the organization of information on the Web, it is the notion of association, as manifested through hyperlinks connecting information that is associated in one way or another. Once again, the ability to understand an abstract structure of information, or derive a coherent structure by articulating fragmented documents becomes a challenge to individuals' ability to find and make the best use of the information available. The significance of accommodating individual differences on Web search is clear. The effects of cognitive style, namely field-dependent and field-independent, and online database search experience on Web search are examined. An interesting finding of their study is that online search experience can greatly reduce the effect of field-dependence on Web search performance.
Describes a study that investigated the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and online database search experience (novice and experienced) on undergraduate World Wide Web search performance. Considers user factors to predict search efficiency and discusses implications for Web interface design and user training programs. (Author/LRW)
This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on‐line database search experience (novice and experienced) on the World Wide Web (WWW) search performance of undergraduate college students (n = 48). It also attempted to find user factors that could be used to predict search efficiency. Search performance, the dependent variable, was defined in two ways: (1) time required for retrieving a relevant information item, and (2) the number of nodes traversed for retrieving a relevant information item. The search tasks required were carried out on a University Web site, and included a factual task and a topical search task of interest to the participant. Results indicated that while cognitive style (FD/FI) significantly influenced the search performance of novice searchers, the influence was greatly reduced in those searchers who had on‐line database search experience. Based on the findings, suggestions for possible changes to the design of the current Web interface and to user training programs are provided.
This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on-line database search experience (novice and experienced) on the World Wide Web (WWW) search performance of undergraduate college students (n identical with 48). It also attempted to find user factors that could be used to predict search efficiency. Search performance, the dependent variable, was defined in two ways: (1) time required for retrieving a relevant information item, and (2) the number of nodes traversed for retrieving a relevant information item. The search tasks required were carried out on a University Web site, and included a factual task and a topical search task of interest to the participant. Results indicated that while cognitive style (FD/FI) significantly influenced the search performance of novice searchers, the influence was greatly reduced in those searchers who had on-line database search experience. Based on the findings, suggestions for possible changes to the design of the current Web interface and to user training programs are provided.
Author Palmquist, Ruth A.
Kim, Kyung-Sun
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Dillon, A. & Watson, C. (1996). User analysis in HCI-The historical lessons from individual differences research. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45, 619-637.
Korthauer, R.D., & Koubek, R.J. (1994). An empirical evaluation of knowledge, cognitive style, and structure upon the performance of hypertext task. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 6(4), 373-390.
Sternberg, R. J. (1997b). Thinking styles. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McKenna, F. (1983). Measures of field dependence: Cognitive style or cognitive ability? Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 51-55.
Sternberg, R. J. (1997a). Are cognitive styles still in style? American Psychologist, 52(7), 700-712.
Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic Press.
Goldstein, K.M., & Blackman, S. (1978). Cognitive style: Five approaches and relevant research. New York: John Wiley.
Witkin, H.A., & Goodenough, D.R. (1981). Cognitive styles, essence and origin: Field dependence and field independence. New York: International Universities Press, Inc.
Conklin, J. (1987). Hypertext: An introduction and survey. IEEE Computer, 20, 17-41.
De Vega, M., Intons-Peterson, M.J., Johnson-Laird, P.N., Denis, M., & Marschark, M. (1996). Models of visuospatial cognition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wood, F.E., Ford, N., & Miller D. (1996). Information skills, searching behavior and cognitive styles for student-centered learning. A computer-assisted learning approach. Journal of Information Science, 22(2), 79-92.
Ellis, D., Ford, N., & Wood, F. (1993). Hypertext and learning styles. The Electronic Library, 11(1), 13-18.
Brookes, B. (1980). Information space. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 5, 199-211.
Hsieh-Yee, I. (1993). Effects of search experience and subject knowledge on the search tactics of novice and experienced searchers. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 44(3), 161-174.
Lai, Y.R., & Waugh, M.L. (1995). Effects of three different hypertextual menu designs on various information searching activities. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 4(1), 24-51.
Marchionini, G. (1989). Information seeking strategies of novices using a full-text electronic encyclopedia. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 40(1), 54-66.
Witkin, H.A., Dyk, R.B., Fatherson, H. F., Goodenough, D.R., & Karp, S.A. (1962). Psychological differentiation. New York: Wiley & Sons.
Fenichel, C.H. (1981). Online searching measures that discriminate among users with different types of experiences. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 32, 23-32.
Nielsen, J. (1993). Usability engineering. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
Allen, B.L. (1996). Information tasks: Toward a user-centered approach to information systems. New York: Academic Press.
Nielsen, J. (1995). Multimedia and hypertext: The Internet and beyond. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
1989; 40
1993; 44
1998
1997b
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992; 14
1971
1995; 4
1976; 27
1978
1983; 11
1996; 11
1977
1987; 20
1993; 18
1990
1993; 11
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1980; 5
1997a; 52
1964
1962
1983
1981
1981; 32
1996; 45
1994; 10
1989
1988
1994; 6
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1996; 22
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Witkin (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB35) 1971
Conklin (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB7) 1987; 20
Egan (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB11) 1988
Allen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB3) 1994
Lai (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB18) 1995; 4
De Vega (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB8) 1996
Hsieh-Yee (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB15) 1993; 44
Matthews (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB24) 1983
Witkin (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB34) 1964
Allen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB1) 1998
Nielsen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB29) 1995
Marchionini (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB22) 1990
Chen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB5) 1996; 11
Cohen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB6) 1977
Allen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB2) 1996
Dillon (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB9) 1996; 45
Marchionini (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB23) 1988; 21
McGill (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB25) 1976; 27
Leader (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB19) 1996; 44
Nielsen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB27) 1989
Witkin (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB37) 1981
Fenichel (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB13) 1981; 32
Sternberg (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB32) 1997a; 52
Nielsen (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB28) 1993
Jacobson (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB16) 1992; 14
Oltman (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB30) 1971
Wood (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB38) 1996; 22
Marchionini (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB21) 1989; 40
McKenna (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB26) 1983; 11
Korthauer (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB17) 1994; 6
Liu (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB20) 1994; 10
Ellis (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB12) 1993; 11
Brookes (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB4) 1980; 5
Qiu (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB31) 1993; 18
Dumas (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB10) 1993
Sternberg (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB33) 1997b
Goldstein (10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<558::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-9-BIB14) 1978
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Snippet This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on‐line database search experience (novice and...
Describes a study that investigated the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and online database search experience (novice and...
The Web has captured the imagination of millions of users all over the world. It is crucial for Web designers and indeed for all of us to understand how...
This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on-line database search experience (novice and...
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SubjectTerms Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive Style
College Students
Computer Interfaces
Computer System Design
Dependence
Design
Environment
Hypermedia
Individual differences
Information processing
Information Retrieval
Information Science
Information Seeking
Information systems
Library and information science
Library science
Man Machine Systems
Online information services
Peer Acceptance
Predictor Variables
Prior Learning
Problem solving
Resistance (Psychology)
Search Strategies
Searches
Searching
Skills
Spatial Ability
Studies
Undergraduate Students
User Training
Users (Information)
Webs
Websites
World Wide Web
Title Cognitive style and on-line database search experience as predictors of Web search performance
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http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ605347
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Volume 51
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