Nano-vaccines for gene delivery against HIV-1 infection

• Published in: Expert review of vaccines Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 315 - 326
• Main Authors: Li, Shuang, Zhang, Meng-Yue, Yuan, Jie, Zhang, Yi-Xuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 31.12.2023; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: AIDS Vaccines; gene delivery; HIV Infections - prevention & control; HIV-1; Humans; immune response; Immunity, Humoral; Nano-vaccine; prophylaxis; Vaccination; Viral Vaccines; HIV-1; gene delivery; Nano-vaccine; immune response; prophylaxis
• ISSN: 1476-0584; 1744-8395
• DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2193266

Over the last four decades, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been a major public health concern. It is acknowledged that an effective vaccine remains the best hope for eliminating the HIV-1 pandemic. The prophylaxis of HIV-1 infection remains a central theme because of the absence of an available HIV-1 vaccine. The inability of conventional delivery strategies to induce potent immunity is a crucial task to overcome and ultimately lead to a major obstacle in HIV-1 vaccine research. The literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Nano-platforms-based vaccines have proven prophylaxis in various diseases for effectively activating the immune system. Nano-vaccines, including non-viral and viral vectored nano-vaccines, are in a position to improve the effectiveness of HIV-1 antigen delivery and enhance the innate and adaptive immune responses against HIV-1. Compared to traditional vaccination strategies, genetic immunization can elicit a long-term immune response to provide protective immunity for HIV-1 prevention. Research progress on nano-vaccines for gene delivery against HIV-1 was discussed. Vaccine strategies based on nano-platforms that are being applied to stimulate effective HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses were particularly emphasized.