High Levels of Chronic Immune Activation in the T-Cell Compartments of Patients Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Reverted by Alpha Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment

Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue JVI About JVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Virology Vol. 83; no. 21; pp. 11407 - 11411
Main Authors Gonzalez, Veronica D., Falconer, Karolin, Blom, Kim G., Reichard, Olle, Mørn, Birgitte, Laursen, Alex Lund, Weis, Nina, Alaeus, Annette, Sandberg, Johan K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.11.2009
American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Subjects
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 - immunology
Adult
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Disease Progression
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hepacivirus - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - drug therapy
Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - virology
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - immunology
Humans
Interferon-alpha - immunology
Interferon-alpha - therapeutic use
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Male
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Pathogenesis and Immunity
Ribavirin - therapeutic use
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - virology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - virology
Viral Load
Virology
Young Adult
Human
Immunopathology
HIV-1 virus
Alpha interferon
Cytokine
Retroviridae
AIDS
Immune deficiency
Lentivirus
Ribavirin
Infection
Virus
Chronic
Treatment
Viral disease
T-Lymphocyte
Antiviral
Human immunodeficiency virus
Flaviviridae
Hepatitis C virus
Hepacivirus
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0022-538X
1098-5514
1098-5514
DOI10.1128/JVI.01211-09

Cover

Abstract Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue JVI About JVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JVI RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0022-538X Online ISSN: 1098-5514 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to JVI .asm.org, visit: JVI       
AbstractList Chronic immune activation is a driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we describe that subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-1 coinfection display sharply elevated immune activation as determined by CD38 expression in T cells. This occurs, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, in both CD8 and CD4 T cells and is more pronounced than in the appropriate monoinfected control groups. Interestingly, the suppression of HCV by pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment reduces activation. High HCV loads and elevated levels of chronic immune activation may contribute to the high rates of viral disease progression observed in HCV/HIV-1-coinfected patients.
Chronic immune activation is a driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we describe that subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-1 coinfection display sharply elevated immune activation as determined by CD38 expression in T cells. This occurs, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, in both CD8 and CD4 T cells and is more pronounced than in the appropriate monoinfected control groups. Interestingly, the suppression of HCV by pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment reduces activation. High HCV loads and elevated levels of chronic immune activation may contribute to the high rates of viral disease progression observed in HCV/HIV-1-coinfected patients.Chronic immune activation is a driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we describe that subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-1 coinfection display sharply elevated immune activation as determined by CD38 expression in T cells. This occurs, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, in both CD8 and CD4 T cells and is more pronounced than in the appropriate monoinfected control groups. Interestingly, the suppression of HCV by pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment reduces activation. High HCV loads and elevated levels of chronic immune activation may contribute to the high rates of viral disease progression observed in HCV/HIV-1-coinfected patients.
Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue JVI About JVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JVI RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0022-538X Online ISSN: 1098-5514 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to JVI .asm.org, visit: JVI       
Author Alex Lund Laursen
Annette Alaeus
Johan K. Sandberg
Kim G. Blom
Birgitte Mørn
Olle Reichard
Nina Weis
Karolin Falconer
Veronica D. Gonzalez
AuthorAffiliation Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, 1 Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 6
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden, 1 Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 6
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Veronica D.
  surname: Gonzalez
  fullname: Gonzalez, Veronica D.
  organization: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Karolin
  surname: Falconer
  fullname: Falconer, Karolin
  organization: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kim G.
  surname: Blom
  fullname: Blom, Kim G.
  organization: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Olle
  surname: Reichard
  fullname: Reichard, Olle
  organization: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Birgitte
  surname: Mørn
  fullname: Mørn, Birgitte
  organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Alex Lund
  surname: Laursen
  fullname: Laursen, Alex Lund
  organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Nina
  surname: Weis
  fullname: Weis, Nina
  organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Annette
  surname: Alaeus
  fullname: Alaeus, Annette
  organization: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Johan K.
  surname: Sandberg
  fullname: Sandberg, Johan K.
  organization: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22019444$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710147$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:119466298$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
BookMark eNp1kstv1DAQxiNURB9w44wsIcSFFD_yvCBVK2AXVQJVS8XNcrzjxiVxgu3dav95xGx2KRSJU2zP7_tmRvlOkyM3OEiS54yeM8art5-uF-eUccZSWj9KThitqzTPWXaUnFDKeZqL6ttxchrCLaUsy4rsSXLM6pLhpTxJfs7tTUsuYQNdIIMhs9YPzmqy6Pu1A3Kho92oaAdHrCOxBbJMZ9B1ZDb0o_KxBxcn3ReEpvNssM6AjrAidza2ZA4jlqLFCrm2fh2IcisyX_fK7ZsMKzBWo1hvD8ByOwJhE4d9dwN22_0kOJCL1kP0w8Z61ZFlC16NWPVArnAJv-vb4L0bW0UWLoI3gBtNZle2USjDRZYe1DT70-SxUV2AZ4fvWfL1w_vlbJ5efv64mF1cpjor65hC3jBlGlGIsmBiJQSY2oiGmbIuFAdRiVXdaFqVBW2EFkWj6iajpqlA53VtQJwl6d433MG4buToba_8Vg7KysPTdzyBzPOCM478uz2PlR5WGkfFdR_IHlacbeXNsJG8LHlZlGjw-mDghx9rCFH2Nmj8c8rBsA6yFKLO8ooWSL74u9V9j98ZQeDVAVBBq8545bQN9xznlNVZliH3Zs9pP4TgwfyxonIXVYlRlVNUJa0R5__g2sYpariQ7f4nerkXtZiKO0yCVKGXtxsrKyE5Q0VGS_ELQl7-CA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12981_021_00330_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_07_023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actatropica_2017_05_011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2023_03_011
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1146791
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virol_2012_04_011
crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2334_10_358
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e318289439a
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e32835ecb8b
crossref_primary_10_1111_liv_12363
crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_24419
crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_13818
crossref_primary_10_1128_CMR_00050_12
crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jit135
crossref_primary_10_14283_jfa_2021_44
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clim_2009_12_005
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001157
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2014_0299
crossref_primary_10_4081_idr_2017_7142
crossref_primary_10_15789_2220_7619_2013_4_327_334
crossref_primary_10_5812_hepatmon_4908
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_13680
crossref_primary_10_3851_IMP1531
crossref_primary_10_1097_INF_0000000000001478
crossref_primary_10_1124_dmd_115_067827
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000012238
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_010_0071_3
crossref_primary_10_1097_01_aids_0000432470_46379_dd
crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkq518
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0018779
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40265_016_0546_7
crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_2781350
crossref_primary_10_22328_2077_9828_2021_13_3_52_60
crossref_primary_10_4103_smj_smj_1_19
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0101441
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0173943
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12072_019_09941_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2016_05_008
crossref_primary_10_1111_apm_12429
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001940
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000004483
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_017_2942_3
crossref_primary_10_1042_CS20160112
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e328357f5d1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chom_2009_10_010
crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiae598
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofab079
crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_11_80
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofaa383
crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_12226
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2016_05_019
crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_12101
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_smim_2021_101471
crossref_primary_10_3389_fragi_2024_1385963
crossref_primary_10_1002_iid3_70138
crossref_primary_10_3389_fped_2023_1308700
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000003739
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e32833adbb5
crossref_primary_10_1080_2162402X_2015_1128612
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000310
crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_12429
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0059302
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_13218
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_13_61809_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medmal_2018_07_005
crossref_primary_10_1186_1742_6405_10_29
crossref_primary_10_36233_0507_4088_133
crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000072
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e328362dea4
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2010_0107
crossref_primary_10_1155_2012_670957
crossref_primary_10_22328_2077_9828_2018_10_4_25_36
crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofu104
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eimc_2016_02_001
crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_29515
crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2010_12_322453
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001455
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12977_018_0390_9
crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000118
crossref_primary_10_15789_1563_0625_CAI_1866
crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12310
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinre_2017_11_006
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e31829c6de0
crossref_primary_10_1002_JLB_4MR1019_189R
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm9092978
crossref_primary_10_18632_oncotarget_7793
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epidem_2015_04_001
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001109
crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_24475
crossref_primary_10_4236_aid_2013_32017
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0203272
crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000650
crossref_primary_10_1007_s15010_017_1093_1
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0032028
crossref_primary_10_1134_S0012496616040062
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12981_016_0105_z
crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines10040768
crossref_primary_10_1089_apc_2015_0040
crossref_primary_10_1155_2012_515962
crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics11122336
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_176459
crossref_primary_10_1111_ijcp_12066
crossref_primary_10_1089_vim_2021_0027
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0055776
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00430_019_00619_4
crossref_primary_10_1590_s0004_2803_201900000_68
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2011_0318
crossref_primary_10_1111_apm_12561
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carrev_2010_11_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_14_60164_1
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2011_0323
crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_12714
crossref_primary_10_3109_00365548_2010_498019
crossref_primary_10_4236_ojgas_2022_124011
crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jit402
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eimce_2017_02_011
crossref_primary_10_1093_carcin_bgy149
crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_13488
crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2014_0284
Cites_doi 10.1086/318539
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03232-3
10.1097/01.aids.0000198087.47454.e1
10.1182/blood-2004-06-2336
10.1086/314660
10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.4219
10.1046/j.1365-2893.2000.00227.x
10.1056/NEJMra065142
10.1073/pnas.0707882105
10.1097/00002030-200309050-00006
10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.005
10.1016/j.jim.2007.10.020
10.1002/hep.22543
10.1086/318501
10.1097/00042560-200104150-00011
10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549
10.1038/nm.1871
10.1086/315314
10.1182/blood-2003-09-3333
10.1086/501365
10.1086/339042
10.1016/j.jcv.2007.05.014
10.1086/587696
10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.022
10.1001/jama.288.2.199
10.1038/nm1511
10.1016/j.jinf.2005.10.012
10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.521
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283112b77
10.1136/gut.2005.083758
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2009 INIST-CNRS
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology 2009
Copyright_xml – notice: 2009 INIST-CNRS
– notice: Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology 2009
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
IQODW
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
5PM
ADTPV
AOWAS
DOI 10.1128/JVI.01211-09
DatabaseName CrossRef
Pascal-Francis
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
SwePub
SwePub Articles
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE - Academic

MEDLINE
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 1098-5514
EndPage 11411
ExternalDocumentID oai_swepub_ki_se_556212
PMC2772767
19710147
22019444
10_1128_JVI_01211_09
jvi_83_21_11407
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
-~X
.55
.GJ
0R~
18M
29L
2WC
39C
3O-
4.4
41~
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
6TJ
85S
AAFWJ
AAGFI
AAYJJ
AAYXX
ABPPZ
ACGFO
ACNCT
ADBBV
ADXHL
AENEX
AFFNX
AGVNZ
AI.
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BTFSW
C1A
CITATION
CS3
D0S
DIK
E3Z
EBS
EJD
F5P
FRP
GX1
H13
HYE
HZ~
IH2
KQ8
MVM
N9A
O9-
OHT
OK1
P2P
RHI
RNS
RPM
RSF
TR2
UPT
VH1
W2D
W8F
WH7
WOQ
X7M
Y6R
YQT
ZGI
ZXP
~02
~KM
IQODW
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
5PM
ADTPV
AOWAS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c479t-e5b1afb3637613d33ef9f3b1f796a2e383d9bc08760b3c36ba9b40fb8ec599fe3
ISSN 0022-538X
1098-5514
IngestDate Mon Sep 01 03:33:37 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:16:51 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 04 19:06:41 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:03:35 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 09:14:33 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:57:37 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:58:41 EDT 2025
Wed May 18 15:25:42 EDT 2016
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 21
Keywords Human
Immunopathology
HIV-1 virus
Alpha interferon
Cytokine
Retroviridae
AIDS
Immune deficiency
Lentivirus
Ribavirin
Infection
Virus
Chronic
Treatment
Viral disease
T-Lymphocyte
Antiviral
Human immunodeficiency virus
Flaviviridae
Hepatitis C virus
Hepacivirus
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c479t-e5b1afb3637613d33ef9f3b1f796a2e383d9bc08760b3c36ba9b40fb8ec599fe3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/83/21/11407.full.pdf
PMID 19710147
PQID 733945806
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 5
ParticipantIDs pascalfrancis_primary_22019444
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2772767
crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_01211_09
pubmed_primary_19710147
proquest_miscellaneous_733945806
swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_556212
highwire_asm_jvi_83_21_11407
crossref_citationtrail_10_1128_JVI_01211_09
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2009-11-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2009-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2009
  text: 2009-11-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Washington, DC
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Washington, DC
– name: United States
PublicationTitle Journal of Virology
PublicationTitleAlternate J Virol
PublicationYear 2009
Publisher American Society for Microbiology
American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Publisher_xml – name: American Society for Microbiology
– name: American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
References e_1_3_2_26_2
e_1_3_2_27_2
e_1_3_2_28_2
e_1_3_2_29_2
e_1_3_2_20_2
e_1_3_2_21_2
e_1_3_2_22_2
e_1_3_2_23_2
e_1_3_2_24_2
e_1_3_2_25_2
e_1_3_2_9_2
e_1_3_2_15_2
e_1_3_2_8_2
e_1_3_2_16_2
e_1_3_2_7_2
e_1_3_2_17_2
e_1_3_2_6_2
e_1_3_2_18_2
e_1_3_2_19_2
e_1_3_2_30_2
e_1_3_2_10_2
e_1_3_2_31_2
e_1_3_2_5_2
e_1_3_2_11_2
e_1_3_2_4_2
e_1_3_2_12_2
e_1_3_2_3_2
e_1_3_2_13_2
e_1_3_2_2_2
e_1_3_2_14_2
References_xml – ident: e_1_3_2_7_2
  doi: 10.1086/318539
– ident: e_1_3_2_15_2
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03232-3
– ident: e_1_3_2_23_2
  doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000198087.47454.e1
– ident: e_1_3_2_18_2
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2336
– ident: e_1_3_2_12_2
  doi: 10.1086/314660
– ident: e_1_3_2_4_2
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.4219
– ident: e_1_3_2_25_2
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2000.00227.x
– ident: e_1_3_2_20_2
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMra065142
– ident: e_1_3_2_26_2
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707882105
– ident: e_1_3_2_17_2
  doi: 10.1097/00002030-200309050-00006
– ident: e_1_3_2_11_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.005
– ident: e_1_3_2_13_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.10.020
– ident: e_1_3_2_28_2
  doi: 10.1002/hep.22543
– ident: e_1_3_2_3_2
  doi: 10.1086/318501
– ident: e_1_3_2_6_2
  doi: 10.1097/00042560-200104150-00011
– ident: e_1_3_2_10_2
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549
– ident: e_1_3_2_22_2
  doi: 10.1038/nm.1871
– ident: e_1_3_2_30_2
  doi: 10.1086/315314
– ident: e_1_3_2_8_2
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3333
– ident: e_1_3_2_21_2
  doi: 10.1086/501365
– ident: e_1_3_2_27_2
  doi: 10.1086/339042
– ident: e_1_3_2_31_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.05.014
– ident: e_1_3_2_19_2
  doi: 10.1086/587696
– ident: e_1_3_2_2_2
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.022
– ident: e_1_3_2_29_2
  doi: 10.1001/jama.288.2.199
– ident: e_1_3_2_5_2
  doi: 10.1038/nm1511
– ident: e_1_3_2_9_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.10.012
– ident: e_1_3_2_14_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.521
– ident: e_1_3_2_24_2
  doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283112b77
– ident: e_1_3_2_16_2
  doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.083758
SSID ssj0014464
Score 2.342411
Snippet Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley...
Chronic immune activation is a driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we describe that subjects with chronic...
SourceID swepub
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
pascalfrancis
crossref
highwire
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 11407
SubjectTerms ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 - immunology
Adult
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Disease Progression
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hepacivirus - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - drug therapy
Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - virology
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - immunology
Humans
Interferon-alpha - immunology
Interferon-alpha - therapeutic use
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Male
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Pathogenesis and Immunity
Ribavirin - therapeutic use
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - virology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - virology
Viral Load
Virology
Young Adult
Title High Levels of Chronic Immune Activation in the T-Cell Compartments of Patients Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Reverted by Alpha Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment
URI http://jvi.asm.org/content/83/21/11407.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710147
https://www.proquest.com/docview/733945806
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2772767
http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:119466298
Volume 83
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9NAEF6VIiQuiDeBUu0BuEQutnfjx9EKLUmbNlKVVlUvlu2shaFNUOIglR-PmNnx2nEf4nFx7PXau87Ot7OPb2YYe-f4uQimUli5Up4l_cC2gqlyrAC3CqVylMzRGvnwyBucyP2z3tnGPX-NtbQq053s5612Jf_TqpAG7YpWsv_QsvVLIQHOoX3hCC0Mx79qYyRpdEdI-1kSrYLi2QzR5kN1o8yELjNkxonVx6U63QcsSjJuQw4c-VbF6J3EzTKU9IFCvnVZwJ3uabFYkT9nWvfXhcynCj1QaPNNyoDz2q6j80G5WMGLK6oJOkApoYMtcRGjcguADg260QJjR2BcaBoNR2j-S0uVuVpUbOnjIk3gMfiQiaHG3zGuRsO99a2Cz-Oj82i0e64ZvUr_Q0nDc96LRv3xEdFBDiiEUb1CMRof6uTisolAdrw77A-i4094Y3xRNYdZNQkr88Fazs122Do39rBofF-t6wycrgsdALnWGRR8p8IGmXhXGgDmlxTGtxpOwDVpk5u6ykX7i_3T4Y72s2fZYaOTDQ_hmqquCZQujNtCKeU9dt_1feInDA_q7TOY40vjJh-rbiw-3ODjenntsZjxj4304GQJPUROoV1um3vdpBC3HO3qwdnkMXtUtT6PCCJP2IaaPWUPKM7q1TP2C-WQE1D4POcVUDgBhTdA4cWMA1A4AYWvAwWfM0DhDVA4AoXXQOF9rnHAQWa5Bgq_DpQqAwKFOzoflEtAoZpAhVpA4RVQ4PMUN0DhKVwjUHgDFP2yGii8BspzdrK3O-kPrCrwiZVJPywt1UudJE-FB9rfEVMhVB7mInVyP_QSV4lATMM0Q2eSdioy4aVJmEo7TwOV9cIwV-IF25zNZ-oV4w4oZFeii6qpkiJIEpiA-fCb5VIo27E7rGtEIM6qqAAYnOYi1qsDbhCDwMRaYGI77LD3de7v5A3njnxbRpriZHkZf_1RxIGIXSfW8Oiw7ZaE1e8yYt1h3IhcDOoO9zCTmZqvlrEvRCh7ge112EuSwKYioY-Bx-Htfks26wzoSb99Z1Z80R71AUOu78GTH0iKW49USd_gTMU9mC867us_fcAb9rDpdbbYZrlYqbcweynTbY3U3yH7UFU
linkProvider Flying Publisher
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=High+Levels+of+Chronic+Immune+Activation+in+the+T-Cell+Compartments+of+Patients+Coinfected+with+Hepatitis+C+Virus+and+Human+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Type+1+and+on+Highly+Active+Antiretroviral+Therapy+Are+Reverted+by+Alpha+Interferon+and+Ribavirin+Treatment&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.au=GONZALEZ%2C+Veronica+D&rft.au=FALCONER%2C+Karolin&rft.au=BLOM%2C+Kim+G&rft.au=REICHARD%2C+Olle&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Microbiology&rft.issn=0022-538X&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=11407&rft.epage=11411&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJVI.01211-09&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=22019444
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0022-538X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0022-538X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0022-538X&client=summon