Approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity based on sparse data in a mountainous catchment of the Yangtze River in Central China
In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural...
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| Published in | Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 20; no. 10; pp. 6917 - 6933 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.10.2013
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0944-1344 1614-7499 1614-7499 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-012-1441-8 |
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| Abstract | In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as
R
factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km
2
) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as
R
factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual
R
factor (
R
a
) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJ mm ha
−1
h
−1
a
−1
. With increasing altitudes,
R
a
rises up to maximum 7,547 MJ mm ha
−1
h
−1
a
−1
at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate
R
a
= 1,986 MJ mm ha
−1
h
−1
a
−1
. The comparison of our results with
R
factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based
R
a
as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as R factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km(2)) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as R factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual R factor (R a) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1). With increasing altitudes, R a rises up to maximum 7,547 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1) at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate R a = 1,986 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1). The comparison of our results with R factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based R a as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk. In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as R factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km(2)) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as R factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual R factor (R a) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1). With increasing altitudes, R a rises up to maximum 7,547 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1) at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate R a=1,986 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1). The comparison of our results with R factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based R a as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk.In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as R factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km(2)) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as R factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual R factor (R a) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1). With increasing altitudes, R a rises up to maximum 7,547 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1) at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate R a=1,986 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) a(-1). The comparison of our results with R factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based R a as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk. In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as R factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km super(2)) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as R factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual R factor (R sub(a)) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJmmha super(-1)h super(-1)a super(-1). With increasing altitudes, R sub(a) rises up to maximum 7,547 MJmm ha super(-1)h super(-1) a super(-1) at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate R sub(a)=1,986 MJmmha super(-1)h super(-1)a super(-1). The comparison of our results with R factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based R sub(a) as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk. In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as R factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km 2 ) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as R factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual R factor ( R a ) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJ mm ha −1 h −1 a −1 . With increasing altitudes, R a rises up to maximum 7,547 MJ mm ha −1 h −1 a −1 at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate R a = 1,986 MJ mm ha −1 h −1 a −1 . The comparison of our results with R factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based R a as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk. In densely populated countries like China, clean water is one of the most challenging issues of prospective politics and environmental planning. Water pollution and eutrophication by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorous from nonpoint sources is mostly linked to soil erosion from agricultural land. In order to prevent such water pollution by diffuse matter fluxes, knowledge about the extent of soil loss and the spatial distribution of hot spots of soil erosion is essential. In remote areas such as the mountainous regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rainfall data are scarce. Since rainfall erosivity is one of the key factors in soil erosion modeling, e.g., expressed as R factor in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model, a methodology is needed to spatially determine rainfall erosivity. Our study aims at the approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity from sparse data in the large (3,200 km^sup 2^) and strongly mountainous catchment of the Xiangxi River, a first order tributary to the Yangtze River close to the Three Gorges Dam. As data on rainfall were only obtainable in daily records for one climate station in the central part of the catchment and five stations in its surrounding area, we approximated rainfall erosivity as R factors using regression analysis combined with elevation bands derived from a digital elevation model. The mean annual R factor (R ^sub a^) amounts for approximately 5,222 MJmmha^sup -1^h^sup -1^a^sup -1^. With increasing altitudes, R ^sub a^ rises up to maximum 7,547 MJmm ha^sup -1^h^sup -1^ a^sup -1^ at an altitude of 3,078 m a.s.l. At the outlet of the Xiangxi catchment erosivity is at minimum with approximate R ^sub a^=1,986 MJmmha^sup -1^h^sup -1^a^sup -1^. The comparison of our results with R factors from high-resolution measurements at comparable study sites close to the Xiangxi catchment shows good consistance and allows us to calculate grid-based R ^sub a^ as input for a spatially high-resolution and area-specific assessment of soil erosion risk.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Bosch, Anna Behrens, Thorsten Shi, Xuezheng Scholten, Thomas Hartmann, Heike Schönbrodt-Stitt, Sarah |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sarah surname: Schönbrodt-Stitt fullname: Schönbrodt-Stitt, Sarah email: sarah.schoenbrodt-stitt@uni-tuebingen.de organization: Department of Geosciences, Chair of Physical Geography and Soil Science, University of Tuebingen – sequence: 2 givenname: Anna surname: Bosch fullname: Bosch, Anna organization: Department of Geosciences, Chair of Physical Geography and Soil Science, University of Tuebingen – sequence: 3 givenname: Thorsten surname: Behrens fullname: Behrens, Thorsten organization: Department of Geosciences, Chair of Physical Geography and Soil Science, University of Tuebingen – sequence: 4 givenname: Heike surname: Hartmann fullname: Hartmann, Heike organization: College of Health, Environment and Science, Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Slippery Rock University – sequence: 5 givenname: Xuezheng surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Xuezheng organization: Institute of Soil Science, Department for Soil Resources and Remote Sensing Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Thomas surname: Scholten fullname: Scholten, Thomas organization: Department of Geosciences, Chair of Physical Geography and Soil Science, University of Tuebingen |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340898$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 |
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| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-012-1441-8 |
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| Issue | 10 |
| Keywords | Soil erosion modeling Spatial regionalization Rainfall erosivity factor Elevation bands Three Gorges ecosystem Yangtze River |
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Am384392 – reference: LiuYLuoZA study on estimation of the amount of soil erosion in small watershed based on GIS: a case study in the Three Gorge Area of ChinaIGARSS IEEE2005318591863 – reference: PimentelDSoil erosion: a food and environmental threatEnviron Dev Sustain2006811913710.1007/s10668-005-1262-8 – reference: Sun G, McNulty SG, Moore J, Bunch C, Ni J (2002) Potential impacts of climate change on rainfall erosivity and water availability in China in the next 100 years. Proceedings of the 12th Intern. Soil. Conserv. Conference, Beijing, China. http://efetac4.sref.info – reference: DiodatoNBellocchiGAssessing and modelling changes in rainfall erosivity at different climate scalesEarth Surf Proc Land20093496998010.1002/esp.1784 – reference: SeuffertORichterGZukunftsperspektiven der BodenerosionsforschungBodenerosion; Analyse und Bilanz eines Umweltproblems1998StuttgartWissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft152168 – reference: ArnoldusHMJMethodology used to determine the maximum potential average annual soil loss due to sheet and rill erosion in MoroccoFAO Soils Bulletin1977343951 – reference: Van der Knijff JM, Jones RJA, Montanarella L (1999) Soil erosion risk management in Italy. 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| Title | Approximation and spatial regionalization of rainfall erosivity based on sparse data in a mountainous catchment of the Yangtze River in Central China |
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