Preparation, Cellular Internalization, and Biocompatibility of Highly Fluorescent PMMA Nanoparticles

• Published in: Macromolecular rapid communications. Vol. 33; no. 20; pp. 1791 - 1797
• Main Authors: Vollrath, Antje, Pretzel, David, Pietsch, Christian, Perevyazko, Igor, Schubert, Stephanie, Pavlov, George M., Schubert, Ulrich S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim WILEY-VCH Verlag 26.10.2012; WILEY‐VCH Verlag; Wiley
• Subjects: 4-hydroxythiazoles; analytical ultracentrifugation; Animals; Applied sciences; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biocompatible Materials - toxicity; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Line; Cell Survival - drug effects; Exact sciences and technology; fluorescent nanoparticles; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Medical sciences; Mice; Microscopy, Confocal; Miscellaneous. Technology; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - toxicity; nanoprecipitation; Organic polymers; Particle Size; particle size distribution; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques; Physicochemistry of polymers; poly(methyl methacrylate); Polymerization; Polymers with particular properties; Polymethyl Methacrylate - chemistry; Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts; preparative ultracentrifugation; size-dependent cell uptake; solvent-evaporation technique; Thiazoles - chemistry; Biological properties; poly(methyl methacrylate); size-dependent cell uptake; solvent-evaporation technique; nanoprecipitation; Cytotoxicity; Submicron particle; analytical ultracentrifugation; Chain transfer; Thiazole derivative copolymer; Pyridine derivative copolymer; Amine copolymer; 4-hydroxythiazoles; Hemolysis; Chemical precipitation; Red blood cell; Dithioester; Experimental study; Methyl methacrylate copolymer; In vitro; Random copolymer; Monodispersed polymer; Particle size distribution; Fluorescent material; Internalization; Preparation; fluorescent nanoparticles; Methacrylate copolymer; Radical copolymerization; Fibroblast; preparative ultracentrifugation; Fluorescence microscopy
• ISSN: 1022-1336; 1521-3927
• DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200329

Methacrylate monomers were functionalized with a 4‐hydroxythiazole chromophore and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate via RAFT. Nanoparticles of 120 and 500 nm in size were prepared without using stabilizers/surfactants. For comparative studies, preparative ultracentrifugation was applied for the separation into small and large particle fractions. All suspensions were characterized by DLS, AUC, and SEM and tested regarding their stability during centrifugation and re‐suspension, autoclavation, and incubation in cell culture media. In vitro studies with mouse fibroblast cell line and differently sized NP showed a particle uptake into cells. Biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and hemocompatibility were demonstrated using a XTT assay, a live/dead staining, and an erythrocyte aggregation and hemolysis assay. A luciferin‐based 4‐hydroxythiazole derivative was incorporated into a PMMA polymer backbone by RAFT polymerization. Subsequently the polymer was nanoprecipitated into well‐defined labeled small and large nanoparticle fractions (120 and 500 nm). In vitro studies with mouse fibroblasts showed a particle uptake into the cells. Biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and compatibility with blood were proven.