Moderation of the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and trait impulsivity in younger men by the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio
•Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was previously associated with higher impulsivity.•Dopaminergic system regulates impulsivity, and T. gondii secretes dopamine (DA).•DA precursors (phenylalanine [Phe]; tyrosine [Tyr]) change with mild inflammation.•We measured and related T. gondii, Phe, Tyr and impuls...
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| Published in | Psychiatry research Vol. 270; pp. 992 - 1000 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Ireland
Elsevier B.V
01.12.2018
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0165-1781 1872-7123 1872-7123 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.045 |
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| Abstract | •Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was previously associated with higher impulsivity.•Dopaminergic system regulates impulsivity, and T. gondii secretes dopamine (DA).•DA precursors (phenylalanine [Phe]; tyrosine [Tyr]) change with mild inflammation.•We measured and related T. gondii, Phe, Tyr and impulsivity in healthy subjects.•Only young men with both high Phe:Tyr and T. gondii (+) reported high impulsivity.
Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii–impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors. |
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| AbstractList | Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii-impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors. Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii) -seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulates impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii – impulsivity association. In 951 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii -positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups including older men and younger or older women. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors. •Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was previously associated with higher impulsivity.•Dopaminergic system regulates impulsivity, and T. gondii secretes dopamine (DA).•DA precursors (phenylalanine [Phe]; tyrosine [Tyr]) change with mild inflammation.•We measured and related T. gondii, Phe, Tyr and impulsivity in healthy subjects.•Only young men with both high Phe:Tyr and T. gondii (+) reported high impulsivity. Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii–impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors. Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii-impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors.Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii-impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors. |
| Author | Peng, Xiaoqing Stiller, John W. Groer, Maureen W. Hartmann, Annette M. Wadhawan, Abhishek Konte, Bettina Mathai, Ashwin J. Lowry, Christopher A. Postolache, Nadine Giegling, Ina Fuchs, Dietmar Postolache, Teodor T. Brundin, Lena Mohyuddin, Farooq Brenner, Lisa A. Cook, Thomas B. Friedl, Marion Rujescu, Dan Pandey, Janardan P. |
| AuthorAffiliation | m Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA n VA Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 5 MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA e Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE). Denver, CO, USA g Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria c Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA k Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University and the Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA a Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA d University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, Denver, CO, USA i Department of Micr |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: f Department of Public Health & Mercyhurst Institute for Public Health, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, USA – name: d University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, Denver, CO, USA – name: c Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA – name: l Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA – name: e Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE). Denver, CO, USA – name: h College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA – name: n VA Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 5 MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA – name: i Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA – name: k Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University and the Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA – name: a Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – name: g Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria – name: b Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA – name: j Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany – name: m Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiaoqing orcidid: 0000-0002-7272-5428 surname: Peng fullname: Peng, Xiaoqing organization: Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Lisa A. surname: Brenner fullname: Brenner, Lisa A. organization: Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Ashwin J. surname: Mathai fullname: Mathai, Ashwin J. organization: Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Thomas B. surname: Cook fullname: Cook, Thomas B. organization: Department of Public Health & Mercyhurst Institute for Public Health, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Dietmar surname: Fuchs fullname: Fuchs, Dietmar organization: Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria – sequence: 6 givenname: Nadine surname: Postolache fullname: Postolache, Nadine organization: Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Maureen W. surname: Groer fullname: Groer, Maureen W. organization: College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Janardan P. orcidid: 0000-0001-9992-4737 surname: Pandey fullname: Pandey, Janardan P. organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Farooq surname: Mohyuddin fullname: Mohyuddin, Farooq organization: Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Ina surname: Giegling fullname: Giegling, Ina organization: Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany – sequence: 11 givenname: Abhishek surname: Wadhawan fullname: Wadhawan, Abhishek organization: Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Annette M. surname: Hartmann fullname: Hartmann, Annette M. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany – sequence: 13 givenname: Bettina surname: Konte fullname: Konte, Bettina organization: Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany – sequence: 14 givenname: Lena surname: Brundin fullname: Brundin, Lena organization: Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University and the Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: Marion surname: Friedl fullname: Friedl, Marion organization: Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany – sequence: 16 givenname: John W. surname: Stiller fullname: Stiller, John W. organization: Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 17 givenname: Christopher A. orcidid: 0000-0003-3920-5575 surname: Lowry fullname: Lowry, Christopher A. organization: Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO, USA – sequence: 18 givenname: Dan surname: Rujescu fullname: Rujescu, Dan organization: Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany – sequence: 19 givenname: Teodor T. surname: Postolache fullname: Postolache, Teodor T. email: tpostola@som.umaryland.edu organization: Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30057257$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Tyrosine Impulsivity Toxoplasma gondii Phenylalanine Serotonin precursor Tryptophan Kynurenine Dopamine precursor |
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| Snippet | •Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was previously associated with higher impulsivity.•Dopaminergic system regulates impulsivity, and T. gondii secretes dopamine... Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic... Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii) -seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As... |
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| SubjectTerms | Dopamine precursor Impulsivity Kynurenine Phenylalanine Serotonin precursor Toxoplasma gondii Tryptophan Tyrosine |
| Title | Moderation of the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and trait impulsivity in younger men by the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio |
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