Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker of the Relationships between the Immune System and Diseases

Over the last 10 years, the evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an emerging marker of diseases has become a compelling field of bio-medical research. Although a precise and unique cut-off value has not been yet found, its role as a flag of immune system homeostasis is well esta...

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Published in	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 7; p. 3636
Main Authors	Buonacera, Agata, Stancanelli, Benedetta, Colaci, Michele, Malatino, Lorenzo
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Switzerland MDPI AG 26.03.2022 MDPI
Subjects	Adaptive immunity Biomarkers Blood Catecholamines COVID-19 Cytokines Disease Humans Immune system Infections Lymphocyte Count Lymphocytes Medical prognosis Mortality Neutrophils Physiology Pneumonia Retrospective Studies Review Sepsis coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) intensive care unit (ICU) marker mortality neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) prognosis sepsis
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Abstract	Over the last 10 years, the evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an emerging marker of diseases has become a compelling field of bio-medical research. Although a precise and unique cut-off value has not been yet found, its role as a flag of immune system homeostasis is well established. NLR has a well-known prognostic value and independently correlates with mortality in the general population and in several specific subsets of disease (sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19, cancer, etc.). Moreover, NLR was recently considered as part of the decision-making processes concerning the admission/recovery of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This review aims to provide an overview of the main use of this biomarker, focusing on the pathophysiology and the molecular basis underlying its central role as a reliable mirror of inflammatory status and adaptive immunity.
AbstractList	Over the last 10 years, the evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an emerging marker of diseases has become a compelling field of bio-medical research. Although a precise and unique cut-off value has not been yet found, its role as a flag of immune system homeostasis is well established. NLR has a well-known prognostic value and independently correlates with mortality in the general population and in several specific subsets of disease (sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19, cancer, etc.). Moreover, NLR was recently considered as part of the decision-making processes concerning the admission/recovery of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This review aims to provide an overview of the main use of this biomarker, focusing on the pathophysiology and the molecular basis underlying its central role as a reliable mirror of inflammatory status and adaptive immunity.Over the last 10 years, the evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an emerging marker of diseases has become a compelling field of bio-medical research. Although a precise and unique cut-off value has not been yet found, its role as a flag of immune system homeostasis is well established. NLR has a well-known prognostic value and independently correlates with mortality in the general population and in several specific subsets of disease (sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19, cancer, etc.). Moreover, NLR was recently considered as part of the decision-making processes concerning the admission/recovery of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This review aims to provide an overview of the main use of this biomarker, focusing on the pathophysiology and the molecular basis underlying its central role as a reliable mirror of inflammatory status and adaptive immunity. Over the last 10 years, the evaluation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an emerging marker of diseases has become a compelling field of bio-medical research. Although a precise and unique cut-off value has not been yet found, its role as a flag of immune system homeostasis is well established. NLR has a well-known prognostic value and independently correlates with mortality in the general population and in several specific subsets of disease (sepsis, pneumonia, COVID-19, cancer, etc.). Moreover, NLR was recently considered as part of the decision-making processes concerning the admission/recovery of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This review aims to provide an overview of the main use of this biomarker, focusing on the pathophysiology and the molecular basis underlying its central role as a reliable mirror of inflammatory status and adaptive immunity.
Author	Stancanelli, Benedetta Malatino, Lorenzo Buonacera, Agata Colaci, Michele
AuthorAffiliation	3 Academic Unit of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy; michele.colaci@unict.it 2 Unit of Internal Medicine, Policlinico S. Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy; benedetta.stancanelli@virgilio.it 1 Emergency Department, Policlinico S. Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy; agata.buonacera@gmail.com
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Emergency Department, Policlinico S. Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy; agata.buonacera@gmail.com – name: 3 Academic Unit of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy; michele.colaci@unict.it – name: 2 Unit of Internal Medicine, Policlinico S. Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy; benedetta.stancanelli@virgilio.it
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Agata surname: Buonacera fullname: Buonacera, Agata – sequence: 2 givenname: Benedetta surname: Stancanelli fullname: Stancanelli, Benedetta – sequence: 3 givenname: Michele orcidid: 0000-0002-3606-3404 surname: Colaci fullname: Colaci, Michele – sequence: 4 givenname: Lorenzo orcidid: 0000-0003-2944-2729 surname: Malatino fullname: Malatino, Lorenzo
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35408994$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SubjectTerms	Adaptive immunity Biomarkers Blood Catecholamines COVID-19 Cytokines Disease Humans Immune system Infections Lymphocyte Count Lymphocytes Medical prognosis Mortality Neutrophils Physiology Pneumonia Retrospective Studies Review Sepsis
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Title	Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker of the Relationships between the Immune System and Diseases
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