Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of hepatocellular Carcinoma: Uncovering shared and unique molecular signatures across diverse etiologies

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO),...

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Published inBiochemistry and biophysics reports Vol. 43; p. 102123
Main Authors Khorsand, Babak, Naderi, Nazanin, Karimian, Seyedeh Sara, Mohaghegh, Maedeh, Aghaahmadi, Alireza, Hadisadegh, Seyedeh Negin, Owrang, Mina, Houri, Hamidreza
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2025
Elsevier
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ISSN2405-5808
2405-5808
DOI10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102123

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Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., CYP2C9, SLC22A1, RDH5) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., ABCA8, GADD45B) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., CDK1, CCNB1) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies. •125 pan-etiology HCC genes (CYP2C9, SLC22A1) linked to retinol metabolism and solute transport.•14 HBV-specific and 221 HCV-specific DEGs reveal unique viral-driven HCC pathways.•PPI hubs (CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) drive cell cycle and metabolic dysregulation.•Hub genes predict survival (CDK1 poor prognosis, CAT protective in HBV-HCC).
AbstractList Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., CYP2C9 , SLC22A1 , RDH5 ) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., ABCA8 , GADD45B ) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., CDK1 , CCNB1 ) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies. • 125 pan-etiology HCC genes (CYP2C9, SLC22A1) linked to retinol metabolism and solute transport. • 14 HBV-specific and 221 HCV-specific DEGs reveal unique viral-driven HCC pathways. • PPI hubs (CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) drive cell cycle and metabolic dysregulation. • Hub genes predict survival (CDK1 poor prognosis, CAT protective in HBV-HCC).
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., , , ) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., , ) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., , ) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., CYP2C9, SLC22A1, RDH5) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., ABCA8, GADD45B) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., CDK1, CCNB1) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies. •125 pan-etiology HCC genes (CYP2C9, SLC22A1) linked to retinol metabolism and solute transport.•14 HBV-specific and 221 HCV-specific DEGs reveal unique viral-driven HCC pathways.•PPI hubs (CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) drive cell cycle and metabolic dysregulation.•Hub genes predict survival (CDK1 poor prognosis, CAT protective in HBV-HCC).
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., CYP2C9, SLC22A1, RDH5) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., ABCA8, GADD45B) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., CDK1, CCNB1) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., CYP2C9, SLC22A1, RDH5) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., ABCA8, GADD45B) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., CDK1, CCNB1) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from 19 independent datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing a diverse range of HCC etiologies, including HBV and HCV infections, cirrhosis, and normal liver comparisons. Our analysis identified 125 genes consistently altered across all datasets (e.g., CYP2C9, SLC22A1, RDH5) that represent a pan-etiology HCC signature, implicating retinol metabolism and solute transport as key pathways in HCC pathogenesis. Notably, 14 HBV-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (e.g., ABCA8, GADD45B) and 221 HCV-specific DEGs (e.g., CDK1, CCNB1) were identified, highlighting etiology-specific molecular signatures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks revealed central hubs (e.g., CDK1, CCNE1, TYMS) involved in cell cycle dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming (Warburg effect). These findings provide a robust molecular framework for HCC subtyping and prioritize novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further validation. This resource advances the potential for personalized HCC diagnostics and therapies.
ArticleNumber 102123
Author Owrang, Mina
Khorsand, Babak
Naderi, Nazanin
Hadisadegh, Seyedeh Negin
Mohaghegh, Maedeh
Houri, Hamidreza
Aghaahmadi, Alireza
Karimian, Seyedeh Sara
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  email: hr.houri@sbmu.ac.ir
  organization: Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Keywords Hepatocellular carcinoma
Differentially expressed genes
Hepatitis B virus
Liver cirrhosis
Language English
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2025 The Authors.
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Snippet Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages where treatment options are limited. This study...
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SubjectTerms Differentially expressed genes
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cirrhosis
Title Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of hepatocellular Carcinoma: Uncovering shared and unique molecular signatures across diverse etiologies
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102123
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40678800
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3231269274
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12269975
https://doaj.org/article/62da0cc4fbf8494c925541d24732aa18
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