Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Narrative Review

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 6; p. 2896
• Main Authors: Zittermann, Armin, Trummer, Christian, Theiler-Schwetz, Verena, Lerchbaum, Elisabeth, März, Winfried, Pilz, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Atherosclerosis; Calcification; Cardiomyocytes; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Diseases - complications; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics; Cardiovascular Diseases - pathology; Cardiovascular system; Dietary Supplements; Enzymes; Genes; Humans; Hypertension; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Metabolism; Metabolites; Osteomalacia - complications; Osteomalacia - epidemiology; Osteomalacia - genetics; Review; Rickets - complications; Rickets - epidemiology; Rickets - genetics; Risk Factors; Smooth muscle; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - genetics; Vitamin D Deficiency - complications; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology; Vitamin D Deficiency - genetics; Vitamin D Deficiency - pathology; Vitamin deficiency; atherosclerosis; epidemiology; chronic kidney disease; calcium; vitamin D; mortality; vitamin D receptor; cardiovascular; heart

During the last two decades, the potential impact of vitamin D on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rigorously studied. Data regarding the effect of vitamin D on CVD risk are puzzling: observational data indicate an inverse nonlinear association between vitamin D status and CVD event...