Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review

Rapid population and economic growth, excessive use of fossil fuels, and climate change have contributed to a serious turn towards environmental management and sustainability. The agricultural sector is a big contributor to (lignocellulosic) waste, which accumulates in landfills and ultimately gets...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 8; p. 4310
Main Authors Magagula, Lindokuhle Precious, Masemola, Clinton Michael, Ballim, Muhammed As'ad, Tetana, Zikhona Nobuntu, Moloto, Nosipho, Linganiso, Ella Cebisa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 13.04.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Agricultural production
agricultural waste
Agricultural wastes
Biodegradable materials
Biomass
Carbon
Carbon - chemistry
carbon quantum dots
Caustic soda
Cellulose
Cellulose - chemistry
cellulose nanocrystals
Communication
Crystals
Economic development
Environmental management
Landfills
Lignin
Lignocellulose
lignocellulosic biomass
Morphology
Nanocrystals
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nanotechnology
Quantum dots
Raw materials
Review
Sodium
Sugarcane
lignocellulosic biomass
agricultural waste
carbon quantum dots
cellulose nanocrystals
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Abstract Rapid population and economic growth, excessive use of fossil fuels, and climate change have contributed to a serious turn towards environmental management and sustainability. The agricultural sector is a big contributor to (lignocellulosic) waste, which accumulates in landfills and ultimately gets burned, polluting the environment. In response to the current climate-change crisis, policymakers and researchers are, respectively, encouraging and seeking ways of creating value-added products from generated waste. Recently, agricultural waste has been regularly appearing in articles communicating the production of a range of carbon and polymeric materials worldwide. The extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from biomass waste partially occupies some of the waste-recycling and management space. Further, the new materials generated from this waste promise to be effective and competitive in emerging markets. This short review summarizes recent work in the area of CNCs and CQDs synthesised from biomass waste. Synthesis methods, properties, and prospective application of these materials are summarized. Current challenges and the benefits of using biomass waste are also discussed.
AbstractList Rapid population and economic growth, excessive use of fossil fuels, and climate change have contributed to a serious turn towards environmental management and sustainability. The agricultural sector is a big contributor to (lignocellulosic) waste, which accumulates in landfills and ultimately gets burned, polluting the environment. In response to the current climate-change crisis, policymakers and researchers are, respectively, encouraging and seeking ways of creating value-added products from generated waste. Recently, agricultural waste has been regularly appearing in articles communicating the production of a range of carbon and polymeric materials worldwide. The extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from biomass waste partially occupies some of the waste-recycling and management space. Further, the new materials generated from this waste promise to be effective and competitive in emerging markets. This short review summarizes recent work in the area of CNCs and CQDs synthesised from biomass waste. Synthesis methods, properties, and prospective application of these materials are summarized. Current challenges and the benefits of using biomass waste are also discussed.
Author Masemola, Clinton Michael
Moloto, Nosipho
Tetana, Zikhona Nobuntu
Ballim, Muhammed As'ad
Linganiso, Ella Cebisa
Magagula, Lindokuhle Precious
AuthorAffiliation 3 Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
1 Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa; 1477491@students.wits.ac.za (L.P.M.); clinton.masemola1@students.wits.ac.za (C.M.M.); 0708602k@students.wits.ac.za (M.A.B.); zikhona.tetana@wits.ac.za (Z.N.T.); nosipho.moloto@wits.ac.za (N.M.)
2 DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, South Africa
4 Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-3976-6674
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-7158-0941
  surname: Linganiso
  fullname: Linganiso, Ella Cebisa
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35457128$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords lignocellulosic biomass
agricultural waste
carbon quantum dots
cellulose nanocrystals
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Snippet Rapid population and economic growth, excessive use of fossil fuels, and climate change have contributed to a serious turn towards environmental management and...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural production
agricultural waste
Agricultural wastes
Biodegradable materials
Biomass
Carbon
Carbon - chemistry
carbon quantum dots
Caustic soda
Cellulose
Cellulose - chemistry
cellulose nanocrystals
Communication
Crystals
Economic development
Environmental management
Landfills
Lignin
Lignocellulose
lignocellulosic biomass
Morphology
Nanocrystals
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nanotechnology
Quantum dots
Raw materials
Review
Sodium
Sugarcane
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Title Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review
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Volume 23
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