Stressor-Dependant Changes in Immune Parameters in the Terrestrial Isopod Crustacean, Porcellio scaber : A Focus on Nanomaterials
We compared the changes of selected immune parameters of to different stressors. The animals were either fed for two weeks with Au nanoparticles (NPs), CeO NPs, or Au ions or body-injected with Au NPs, CeO NPs, or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Contrary to expectations, the feeding experiment showed...
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Published in | Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 11; no. 4; p. 934 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
06.04.2021
MDPI |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | We compared the changes of selected immune parameters of
to different stressors. The animals were either fed for two weeks with Au nanoparticles (NPs), CeO
NPs, or Au ions or body-injected with Au NPs, CeO
NPs, or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Contrary to expectations, the feeding experiment showed that both NPs caused a significant increase in the total haemocyte count (THC). In contrast, the ion-positive control resulted in a significantly decreased THC. Additionally, changes in phenoloxidase (PO)-like activity, haemocyte viability, and nitric oxide (NO) levels seemed to depend on the stressor. Injection experiments also showed stressor-dependant changes in measured parameters, such as CeO
NPs and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), caused more significant responses than Au NPs. These results show that feeding and injection of NPs caused an immune response and that the response differed significantly, depending on the exposure route. We did not expect the response to ingested NPs, due to the low exposure concentrations (100 μg/g dry weight food) and a firm gut epithelia, along with a lack of phagocytosis in the digestive system, which would theoretically prevent NPs from crossing the biological barrier. It remains a challenge for future research to reveal what the physiological and ecological significance is for the organism to sense and respond, via the immune system, to ingested foreign material. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2079-4991 2079-4991 |
DOI: | 10.3390/nano11040934 |