Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis
Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal...
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| Published in | International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 3; p. 1105 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
20.01.2022
MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism. |
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| AbstractList | Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism. Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism.Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism. |
| Author | Bonfrate, Leonilde De Angelis, Maria Lanza, Elisa Sperandio, Markus Portincasa, Piero Vacca, Mirco Farella, Ilaria Khalil, Mohamad Di Ciaula, Agostino Wang, David Q.-H. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; markus.sperandio@lmu.de 2 Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; mirco.vacca@uniba.it (M.V.); maria.deangelis@uniba.it (M.D.A.) 1 Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; ilaria.farella@uniba.it (I.F.); elisa.lanza@uniba.it (E.L.); mohamad.khalil@uniba.it (M.K.); agostinodiciaula@tiscali.it (A.D.C.) 3 Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; david.wang@einsteinmed.edu |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; ilaria.farella@uniba.it (I.F.); elisa.lanza@uniba.it (E.L.); mohamad.khalil@uniba.it (M.K.); agostinodiciaula@tiscali.it (A.D.C.) – name: 2 Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; mirco.vacca@uniba.it (M.V.); maria.deangelis@uniba.it (M.D.A.) – name: 4 Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; markus.sperandio@lmu.de – name: 3 Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; david.wang@einsteinmed.edu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Piero orcidid: 0000-0001-5359-1471 surname: Portincasa fullname: Portincasa, Piero – sequence: 2 givenname: Leonilde surname: Bonfrate fullname: Bonfrate, Leonilde – sequence: 3 givenname: Mirco orcidid: 0000-0003-0813-169X surname: Vacca fullname: Vacca, Mirco – sequence: 4 givenname: Maria orcidid: 0000-0002-2010-884X surname: De Angelis fullname: De Angelis, Maria – sequence: 5 givenname: Ilaria surname: Farella fullname: Farella, Ilaria – sequence: 6 givenname: Elisa surname: Lanza fullname: Lanza, Elisa – sequence: 7 givenname: Mohamad surname: Khalil fullname: Khalil, Mohamad – sequence: 8 givenname: David Q.-H. surname: Wang fullname: Wang, David Q.-H. – sequence: 9 givenname: Markus orcidid: 0000-0002-7689-3613 surname: Sperandio fullname: Sperandio, Markus – sequence: 10 givenname: Agostino orcidid: 0000-0002-5476-7376 surname: Di Ciaula fullname: Di Ciaula, Agostino |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163038$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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