The Roles of Plant Hormones and Their Interactions with Regulatory Genes in Determining Meristem Activity

Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in their meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 16; p. 4065
Main Authors Lee, Ze Hong, Hirakawa, Takeshi, Yamaguchi, Nobutoshi, Ito, Toshiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 20.08.2019
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Abstract Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in their meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays a key role in forming all of the aerial structures of plants, including floral meristems (FMs). The FMs subsequently give rise to the floral organs containing reproductive structures. Studies in the past few decades have revealed the importance of transcription factors and secreted peptides in meristem activity using the model plant . Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, imaging, and modeling technologies have allowed us to explore the interplay between transcription factors, secreted peptides, and plant hormones. Two different classes of plant hormones, cytokinins and auxins, and their interaction are particularly important for controlling SAM and FM development. This review focuses on the current issues surrounding the crosstalk between the hormonal and genetic regulatory network during meristem self-renewal and organogenesis.
AbstractList Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in their meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays a key role in forming all of the aerial structures of plants, including floral meristems (FMs). The FMs subsequently give rise to the floral organs containing reproductive structures. Studies in the past few decades have revealed the importance of transcription factors and secreted peptides in meristem activity using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, imaging, and modeling technologies have allowed us to explore the interplay between transcription factors, secreted peptides, and plant hormones. Two different classes of plant hormones, cytokinins and auxins, and their interaction are particularly important for controlling SAM and FM development. This review focuses on the current issues surrounding the crosstalk between the hormonal and genetic regulatory network during meristem self-renewal and organogenesis.
WUS, which is expressed in the OC, controls biological processes through the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes related to meristem growth, cell division, and hormonal signaling [19,20,21,22]. ZmFCP1 and FEA3 negatively regulate ZmWUS1 expression to maintain reproductive SAM activity [34,35]. [...]molecular evidence indicates that the CLV-WUS pathway is critical for SAM maintenance in higher plants. By contrast, delayed FM termination leads to increased numbers of floral organs. [...]the timing of FM termination is crucial for the production of a fixed number of organs, including the female structure, the gynoecium. In Arabidopsis, high levels of cytokinin signaling induce ectopic WUS expression and lead to stem cell fate in the surrounding cells (Figure 2a).
Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in their meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays a key role in forming all of the aerial structures of plants, including floral meristems (FMs). The FMs subsequently give rise to the floral organs containing reproductive structures. Studies in the past few decades have revealed the importance of transcription factors and secreted peptides in meristem activity using the model plant . Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, imaging, and modeling technologies have allowed us to explore the interplay between transcription factors, secreted peptides, and plant hormones. Two different classes of plant hormones, cytokinins and auxins, and their interaction are particularly important for controlling SAM and FM development. This review focuses on the current issues surrounding the crosstalk between the hormonal and genetic regulatory network during meristem self-renewal and organogenesis.
Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in their meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays a key role in forming all of the aerial structures of plants, including floral meristems (FMs). The FMs subsequently give rise to the floral organs containing reproductive structures. Studies in the past few decades have revealed the importance of transcription factors and secreted peptides in meristem activity using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic, imaging, and modeling technologies have allowed us to explore the interplay between transcription factors, secreted peptides, and plant hormones. Two different classes of plant hormones, cytokinins and auxins, and their interaction are particularly important for controlling SAM and FM development. This review focuses on the current issues surrounding the crosstalk between the hormonal and genetic regulatory network during meristem self-renewal and organogenesis.
Author Ito, Toshiro
Hirakawa, Takeshi
Lee, Ze Hong
Yamaguchi, Nobutoshi
AuthorAffiliation 2 Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
1 Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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  surname: Hirakawa
  fullname: Hirakawa, Takeshi
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  organization: Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan. itot@bs.naist.jp
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434317$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 16
Keywords Arabidopsis thaliana
floral meristem
cytokinin
auxin
shoot apical meristem
WUSCHEL
CLAVATA
AGAMOUS
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic...
WUS, which is expressed in the OC, controls biological processes through the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes related to meristem growth,...
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Index Database
StartPage 4065
SubjectTerms Adenosine
AGAMOUS
Arabidopsis - cytology
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
auxin
Biological activity
Biosynthesis
Cell division
Cell fate
CLAVATA
cytokinin
Cytokinins
Cytokinins - metabolism
floral meristem
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics
Gene regulation
Genes
Homeostasis
Hormones
Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism
Kinases
Ligands
Meristem - cytology
Meristem - metabolism
Meristems
Mutation
Organs
Phytohormones
Proteins
Review
Roles
Seeds
shoot apical meristem
Signal transduction
Stem cells
Transcription
WUSCHEL
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Title The Roles of Plant Hormones and Their Interactions with Regulatory Genes in Determining Meristem Activity
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434317
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Volume 20
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