Impact of gas turbine flexibility improvements on combined cycle gas turbine performance
•CCGT flexibility can be improved by airflow extraction and injection approaches.•Flexibility upgrade is more optimistic for standalone gas turbine than in CCGT mode.•CCGT minimum environmental load extension is 19%•Plant ramp-up rate increase by 51%•Gas turbine airflow injection adversely increases...
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Published in | Applied thermal engineering Vol. 189; p. 116703 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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05.05.2021
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Abstract | •CCGT flexibility can be improved by airflow extraction and injection approaches.•Flexibility upgrade is more optimistic for standalone gas turbine than in CCGT mode.•CCGT minimum environmental load extension is 19%•Plant ramp-up rate increase by 51%•Gas turbine airflow injection adversely increases bottoming cycle steam conditions.
The improvement of gas turbines flexibility has been driven by more use of renewable sources of power due to environmental concerns. There are different approaches to improving gas turbine flexibility, and they have performance implications for the bottoming cycle in the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) operation. The CCGT configuration is favourable in generating more power output, due to the higher thermal efficiency that is key to the economic viability of electric utility companies. However, the flexibility benefits obtained in the gas turbine is often not translated to the overall CCGT operation. In this study, the flexibility improvements are the minimum environmental load (MEL) and ramp-up rates, that are facilitated by gas turbine compressor air extraction and injection, respectively. The bottoming cycle has been modelled in this study, based on the detailed cascade approach, also using the exhaust gas conditions of the topping cycle model from recent studies of gas turbine flexibility by the authors. At the design full load, the CCGT performance is verified and subsequent off-design cases from the gas turbine air extraction and injection simulations are replicated for the bottoming cycle. The MEL extension on the gas turbine that brings about a reduction in the engine power output results in a higher steam turbine power output due to higher exhaust gas temperature of the former. This curtails the extended MEL of the CCGT to 19% improvement, as opposed to 34% for the stand-alone gas turbine. For the CCGT ramp-up rate improvement with air injection, a 51% increase was attained. This is 3% points lower than the stand-alone gas turbine, arising from the lower steam turbine ramp-up rate. The study has shown that the flexibility improvements in the topping cycle also apply to the overall CCGT, despite constraints from the bottoming cycle. |
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AbstractList | •CCGT flexibility can be improved by airflow extraction and injection approaches.•Flexibility upgrade is more optimistic for standalone gas turbine than in CCGT mode.•CCGT minimum environmental load extension is 19%•Plant ramp-up rate increase by 51%•Gas turbine airflow injection adversely increases bottoming cycle steam conditions.
The improvement of gas turbines flexibility has been driven by more use of renewable sources of power due to environmental concerns. There are different approaches to improving gas turbine flexibility, and they have performance implications for the bottoming cycle in the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) operation. The CCGT configuration is favourable in generating more power output, due to the higher thermal efficiency that is key to the economic viability of electric utility companies. However, the flexibility benefits obtained in the gas turbine is often not translated to the overall CCGT operation. In this study, the flexibility improvements are the minimum environmental load (MEL) and ramp-up rates, that are facilitated by gas turbine compressor air extraction and injection, respectively. The bottoming cycle has been modelled in this study, based on the detailed cascade approach, also using the exhaust gas conditions of the topping cycle model from recent studies of gas turbine flexibility by the authors. At the design full load, the CCGT performance is verified and subsequent off-design cases from the gas turbine air extraction and injection simulations are replicated for the bottoming cycle. The MEL extension on the gas turbine that brings about a reduction in the engine power output results in a higher steam turbine power output due to higher exhaust gas temperature of the former. This curtails the extended MEL of the CCGT to 19% improvement, as opposed to 34% for the stand-alone gas turbine. For the CCGT ramp-up rate improvement with air injection, a 51% increase was attained. This is 3% points lower than the stand-alone gas turbine, arising from the lower steam turbine ramp-up rate. The study has shown that the flexibility improvements in the topping cycle also apply to the overall CCGT, despite constraints from the bottoming cycle. The improvement of gas turbines flexibility has been driven by more use of renewable sources of power due to environmental concerns. There are different approaches to improving gas turbine flexibility, and they have performance implications for the bottoming cycle in the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) operation. The CCGT configuration is favourable in generating more power output, due to the higher thermal efficiency that is key to the economic viability of electric utility companies. However, the flexibility benefits obtained in the gas turbine is often not translated to the overall CCGT operation. In this study, the flexibility improvements are the minimum environmental load (MEL) and ramp-up rates, that are facilitated by gas turbine compressor air extraction and injection, respectively. The bottoming cycle has been modelled in this study, based on the detailed cascade approach, also using the exhaust gas conditions of the topping cycle model from recent studies of gas turbine flexibility by the authors. At the design full load, the CCGT performance is verified and subsequent off-design cases from the gas turbine air extraction and injection simulations are replicated for the bottoming cycle. The MEL extension on the gas turbine that brings about a reduction in the engine power output results in a higher steam turbine power output due to higher exhaust gas temperature of the former. This curtails the extended MEL of the CCGT to 19% improvement, as opposed to 34% for the stand-alone gas turbine. For the CCGT ramp-up rate improvement with air injection, a 51% increase was attained. This is 3% points lower than the stand-alone gas turbine, arising from the lower steam turbine ramp-up rate. The study has shown that the flexibility improvements in the topping cycle also apply to the overall CCGT, despite constraints from the bottoming cycle. |
ArticleNumber | 116703 |
Author | Abudu, Kamal Hamilton, Richard Roumeliotis, Ioannis Igie, Uyioghosa |
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References_xml | – year: 2017 ident: b0070 publication-title: Combined Cycle Gas Turbines, Thermal Power MSc Course Notes contributor: fullname: Dechamps – volume: 221 start-page: 477 year: 2018 end-page: 489 ident: b0035 article-title: Feasibility study of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant integration with Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) publication-title: Applied Energy contributor: fullname: Wang – year: 2020 ident: b0040 article-title: Gas Turbine Minimum Environmental Load Extension with Compressed Air Extraction for Storage publication-title: Applied Thermal Engineering contributor: fullname: Hamilton – volume: 247 start-page: 363 year: August 2019 end-page: 373 ident: b0055 article-title: Integration of compressed air energy storage and gas turbine to improve the ramp rates publication-title: Applied Energy contributor: fullname: Kim – volume: 31 start-page: 35 year: January 2011 end-page: 40 ident: b0045 article-title: Fast cycling and rapid start-up: New generation of plants achieves impressive results publication-title: Modern Power Systems contributor: fullname: Balling – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0065 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0020 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0015 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0025 doi: 10.1115/GT2014-25438 – volume: 247 start-page: 363 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0055 article-title: Integration of compressed air energy storage and gas turbine to improve the ramp rates publication-title: Applied Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.046 contributor: fullname: Kim – year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0040 article-title: Gas Turbine Minimum Environmental Load Extension with Compressed Air Extraction for Storage publication-title: Applied Thermal Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115869 contributor: fullname: Abudu – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0075 – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0070 contributor: fullname: Dechamps – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0080 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0010 – volume: 221 start-page: 477 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0035 article-title: Feasibility study of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant integration with Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) publication-title: Applied Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.089 contributor: fullname: Wojcik – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0050 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0060 doi: 10.1177/0957650920932083 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0005 – volume: 31 start-page: 35 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0045 article-title: Fast cycling and rapid start-up: New generation of plants achieves impressive results publication-title: Modern Power Systems contributor: fullname: Balling – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116703_b0030 doi: 10.1115/GT2018-75468 |
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Snippet | •CCGT flexibility can be improved by airflow extraction and injection approaches.•Flexibility upgrade is more optimistic for standalone gas turbine than in... The improvement of gas turbines flexibility has been driven by more use of renewable sources of power due to environmental concerns. There are different... |
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SubjectTerms | Air injection Combined cycle power generation Exhaust gases Flexibility Full load Gas temperature Gas turbine Gas turbine engines Gas turbines MEL Natural gas Power augmentation Ramp-up rate Steam electric power generation Steam turbines Thermal energy Thermodynamic efficiency Topping cycle Wind power |
Title | Impact of gas turbine flexibility improvements on combined cycle gas turbine performance |
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