In the eye of a leader: Eye-directed gazing shapes perceptions of leaders' charisma

Charismatic leadership improves organizational performance. Charisma itself can be defined as a repertoire of behaviors designed to communicate, however its constituents remain elusive. We hypothesized leaders' eye-directed gaze to be one such behavior, and therefore linked to their charisma. U...

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Published inThe Leadership quarterly Vol. 30; no. 6; p. 101337
Main Authors Maran, Thomas, Furtner, Marco, Liegl, Simon, Kraus, Sascha, Sachse, Pierre
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Inc 01.12.2019
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects
Charisma
Charismatic leadership
Communication
Eye movements
Leadership
Motion pictures
Opera
Perceptions
Visual attention
Charisma
Charismatic leadership
Eye movements
Visual attention
Communication
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Charismatic leadership improves organizational performance. Charisma itself can be defined as a repertoire of behaviors designed to communicate, however its constituents remain elusive. We hypothesized leaders' eye-directed gaze to be one such behavior, and therefore linked to their charisma. Using eye-tracking, we monitored gaze during a simulated leadership scenario, in which subjects attempted to influence followers towards a common goal. In two studies, we found subjects' impressions of their own charisma to predict the frequency and duration of gaze directed at their followers' eyes. In addition, longer and more frequent eye-directed gazing led leaders to appear both more charismatic and prototypical of their position in the eyes of their audience. Our findings provide first evidence that leaders' gazing towards the eyes of an audience is linked to their charisma. By investigating a leader's charisma through the lens of the signaling approach, we offer insight into the behaviors constituting charismatic leadership. •Leaders' charisma is composed of a repertoire of communicative behaviors.•Leaders' gaze behavior was monitored during a simulated leadership scenario.•Eye-directed gazing is predicted by leaders' impressions of their own charisma.•Eye-directed gazing shapes observers' perceptions of leaders, increasing ascribed charisma and leader prototypicality.
AbstractList Charismatic leadership improves organizational performance. Charisma itself can be defined as a repertoire of behaviors designed to communicate, however its constituents remain elusive. We hypothesized leaders' eye-directed gaze to be one such behavior, and therefore linked to their charisma. Using eye-tracking, we monitored gaze during a simulated leadership scenario, in which subjects attempted to influence followers towards a common goal. In two studies, we found subjects' impressions of their own charisma to predict the frequency and duration of gaze directed at their followers' eyes. In addition, longer and more frequent eye-directed gazing led leaders to appear both more charismatic and prototypical of their position in the eyes of their audience. Our findings provide first evidence that leaders' gazing towards the eyes of an audience is linked to their charisma. By investigating a leader's charisma through the lens of the signaling approach, we offer insight into the behaviors constituting charismatic leadership.
Charismatic leadership improves organizational performance. Charisma itself can be defined as a repertoire of behaviors designed to communicate, however its constituents remain elusive. We hypothesized leaders' eye-directed gaze to be one such behavior, and therefore linked to their charisma. Using eye-tracking, we monitored gaze during a simulated leadership scenario, in which subjects attempted to influence followers towards a common goal. In two studies, we found subjects' impressions of their own charisma to predict the frequency and duration of gaze directed at their followers' eyes. In addition, longer and more frequent eye-directed gazing led leaders to appear both more charismatic and prototypical of their position in the eyes of their audience. Our findings provide first evidence that leaders' gazing towards the eyes of an audience is linked to their charisma. By investigating a leader's charisma through the lens of the signaling approach, we offer insight into the behaviors constituting charismatic leadership. •Leaders' charisma is composed of a repertoire of communicative behaviors.•Leaders' gaze behavior was monitored during a simulated leadership scenario.•Eye-directed gazing is predicted by leaders' impressions of their own charisma.•Eye-directed gazing shapes observers' perceptions of leaders, increasing ascribed charisma and leader prototypicality.
ArticleNumber 101337
Author Maran, Thomas
Furtner, Marco
Kraus, Sascha
Liegl, Simon
Sachse, Pierre
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  givenname: Marco
  surname: Furtner
  fullname: Furtner, Marco
  organization: Department of Entrepreneurship, University of Liechtenstein, 9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein
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  givenname: Simon
  surname: Liegl
  fullname: Liegl, Simon
  organization: Department of Entrepreneurship, University of Liechtenstein, 9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein
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  givenname: Sascha
  surname: Kraus
  fullname: Kraus, Sascha
  organization: Durham University, Business School, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LB, United Kingdom
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Pierre
  surname: Sachse
  fullname: Sachse, Pierre
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Snippet Charismatic leadership improves organizational performance. Charisma itself can be defined as a repertoire of behaviors designed to communicate, however its...
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StartPage 101337
SubjectTerms Charisma
Charismatic leadership
Communication
Eye movements
Leadership
Motion pictures
Opera
Perceptions
Visual attention
Title In the eye of a leader: Eye-directed gazing shapes perceptions of leaders' charisma
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101337
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2335141809
Volume 30
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