Azo Compounds Derived from Electrochemical Reduction of Nitro Compounds for High Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state‐of‐the‐art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversio...
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| Published in | Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 30; no. 23; pp. e1706498 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Germany
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.06.2018
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| Abstract | Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state‐of‐the‐art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. 4‐Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries.
A new chemistry is unveiled to electrochemically convert nitro compounds into azo compounds, which act as active materials to reversibly react with lithium ions. The discovery of nitro and azo compounds for organic electrodes offers new opportunities for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. |
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| AbstractList | Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium-ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state-of-the-art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium-ion batteries. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium-ion batteries.Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium-ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state-of-the-art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium-ion batteries. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium-ion batteries. Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state‐of‐the‐art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. 4‐Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. A new chemistry is unveiled to electrochemically convert nitro compounds into azo compounds, which act as active materials to reversibly react with lithium ions. The discovery of nitro and azo compounds for organic electrodes offers new opportunities for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state‐of‐the‐art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. 4‐Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium-ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state-of-the-art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium-ion batteries. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium-ion batteries. Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state‐of‐the‐art organic electrodes are still worse than commercial inorganic counterparts. Here, a new chemistry is reported based on the electrochemical conversion of nitro compounds to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. 4‐Nitrobenzoic acid lithium salt (NBALS) is selected as a model nitro compound to systemically investigate the structure, lithiation/delithiation mechanism, and electrochemical performance of nitro compounds. NBALS delivers an initial capacity of 153 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C and retains a capacity of 131 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that during initial electrochemical lithiation, the nitro group in crystalline NBALS is irreversibly reduced into an amorphous azo compound. Subsequently, the azo compound is reversibly lithiated/delithiated in the following charge/discharge cycles with high electrochemical performance. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism of azo compounds is also validated by directly using azo compounds as electrode materials, which exhibit similar electrochemical performance to nitro compounds, while having a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this work proves that nitro compounds can be electrochemically converted to azo compounds for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. |
| Author | Jiang, Jianjun Wang, Chunsheng Hou, Singyuk Deng, Tao Ji, Xiao Eidson, Nico Luo, Chao Fan, Xiulin Liang, Yujia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chao surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Chao organization: University of Maryland – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiao surname: Ji fullname: Ji, Xiao organization: Huazhong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Singyuk surname: Hou fullname: Hou, Singyuk organization: University of Maryland – sequence: 4 givenname: Nico surname: Eidson fullname: Eidson, Nico organization: University of Maryland – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiulin surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Xiulin organization: University of Maryland – sequence: 6 givenname: Yujia surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Yujia organization: University of Maryland – sequence: 7 givenname: Tao surname: Deng fullname: Deng, Tao organization: University of Maryland – sequence: 8 givenname: Jianjun surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Jianjun organization: Huazhong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 9 givenname: Chunsheng orcidid: 0000-0002-8626-6381 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chunsheng email: cswang@umd.edu organization: University of Maryland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687487$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2018 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. |
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| Snippet | Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium‐ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state‐of‐the‐art... Organic compounds are desirable alternatives for sustainable lithium-ion battery electrodes. However, the electrochemical properties of state-of-the-art... |
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| SubjectTerms | azo compound Azo compounds Chemical reduction Electrochemical analysis electrochemical conversion Electrode materials Electrodes Lithium Lithium-ion batteries Materials science nitro compound Nitro compounds Nitrobenzoic acid Organic chemistry Organic compounds organic electrode materials |
| Title | Azo Compounds Derived from Electrochemical Reduction of Nitro Compounds for High Performance Li‐Ion Batteries |
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