Hikikomori : Multidimensional understanding, assessment, and future international perspectives
Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, has long been observed in Japan mainly among youth and adolescents since around the 1970s, and has been especially highlighted since the late 1990s. Moreover, hikikomori‐like cases have recently been reported in many other countries. Hikikomori negativ...
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| Published in | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences Vol. 73; no. 8; pp. 427 - 440 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Melbourne
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
01.08.2019
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, has long been observed in Japan mainly among youth and adolescents since around the 1970s, and has been especially highlighted since the late 1990s. Moreover, hikikomori‐like cases have recently been reported in many other countries. Hikikomori negatively influences not only the individual's mental health and social participation, but also wider education and workforce stability, and as such is a novel urgent global issue. In this review, we introduce the history, definition, diagnostic evaluation, and interventions for hikikomori and also the international prevalence of hikikomori outside Japan. We propose a hypothesis regarding the globalization of hikikomori based on domestic and international perspectives. In addition, we introduce our latest assessment system for hikikomori (including the latest version of the ‘proposed diagnostic criteria of hikikomori for the future DSM/ICD diagnostic systems’) and propose therapeutic strategies, including family approaches and individualized therapies. Finally, we present future challenges that may lead to solutions for an internationalized hikikomori. |
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| AbstractList | Hikikomori
, a severe form of social withdrawal, has long been observed in Japan mainly among youth and adolescents since around the 1970s, and has been especially highlighted since the late 1990s. Moreover,
hikikomori
‐like cases have recently been reported in many other countries.
Hikikomori
negatively influences not only the individual's mental health and social participation, but also wider education and workforce stability, and as such is a novel urgent global issue. In this review, we introduce the history, definition, diagnostic evaluation, and interventions for
hikikomori
and also the international prevalence of
hikikomori
outside Japan. We propose a hypothesis regarding the globalization of
hikikomori
based on domestic and international perspectives. In addition, we introduce our latest assessment system for
hikikomori
(including the latest version of the ‘proposed diagnostic criteria of
hikikomori
for the future DSM/ICD diagnostic systems’) and propose therapeutic strategies, including family approaches and individualized therapies. Finally, we present future challenges that may lead to solutions for an internationalized
hikikomori
. Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, has long been observed in Japan mainly among youth and adolescents since around the 1970s, and has been especially highlighted since the late 1990s. Moreover, hikikomori‐like cases have recently been reported in many other countries. Hikikomori negatively influences not only the individual's mental health and social participation, but also wider education and workforce stability, and as such is a novel urgent global issue. In this review, we introduce the history, definition, diagnostic evaluation, and interventions for hikikomori and also the international prevalence of hikikomori outside Japan. We propose a hypothesis regarding the globalization of hikikomori based on domestic and international perspectives. In addition, we introduce our latest assessment system for hikikomori (including the latest version of the ‘proposed diagnostic criteria of hikikomori for the future DSM/ICD diagnostic systems’) and propose therapeutic strategies, including family approaches and individualized therapies. Finally, we present future challenges that may lead to solutions for an internationalized hikikomori. Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, has long been observed in Japan mainly among youth and adolescents since around the 1970s, and has been especially highlighted since the late 1990s. Moreover, hikikomori-like cases have recently been reported in many other countries. Hikikomori negatively influences not only the individual's mental health and social participation, but also wider education and workforce stability, and as such is a novel urgent global issue. In this review, we introduce the history, definition, diagnostic evaluation, and interventions for hikikomori and also the international prevalence of hikikomori outside Japan. We propose a hypothesis regarding the globalization of hikikomori based on domestic and international perspectives. In addition, we introduce our latest assessment system for hikikomori (including the latest version of the 'proposed diagnostic criteria of hikikomori for the future DSM/ICD diagnostic systems') and propose therapeutic strategies, including family approaches and individualized therapies. Finally, we present future challenges that may lead to solutions for an internationalized hikikomori.Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, has long been observed in Japan mainly among youth and adolescents since around the 1970s, and has been especially highlighted since the late 1990s. Moreover, hikikomori-like cases have recently been reported in many other countries. Hikikomori negatively influences not only the individual's mental health and social participation, but also wider education and workforce stability, and as such is a novel urgent global issue. In this review, we introduce the history, definition, diagnostic evaluation, and interventions for hikikomori and also the international prevalence of hikikomori outside Japan. We propose a hypothesis regarding the globalization of hikikomori based on domestic and international perspectives. In addition, we introduce our latest assessment system for hikikomori (including the latest version of the 'proposed diagnostic criteria of hikikomori for the future DSM/ICD diagnostic systems') and propose therapeutic strategies, including family approaches and individualized therapies. Finally, we present future challenges that may lead to solutions for an internationalized hikikomori. |
| Author | Kanba, Shigenobu Kato, Takahiro A. Teo, Alan R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Takahiro A. orcidid: 0000-0001-5169-2930 surname: Kato fullname: Kato, Takahiro A. email: takahiro@npsych.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp organization: Kyushu University – sequence: 2 givenname: Shigenobu surname: Kanba fullname: Kanba, Shigenobu organization: Kyushu University – sequence: 3 givenname: Alan R. surname: Teo fullname: Teo, Alan R. organization: School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31148350$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2019 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2019 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology 2019 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2019 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. 2019 The Author. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2019 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology |
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| Issue | 8 |
| Keywords | social isolation hikikomori amae social anxiety modern-type depression |
| Language | English |
| License | 2019 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2019 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. |
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| PublicationDate | August 2019 |
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| PublicationTitle | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescents amae hikikomori Humans Internationality Mental disorders Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - epidemiology Models, Psychological modern‐type depression social anxiety social isolation Social Isolation - psychology |
| Title | Hikikomori : Multidimensional understanding, assessment, and future international perspectives |
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