Prognostic significance of a complete pathological response after induction chemotherapy in operable breast cancer

• Published in: British journal of cancer Vol. 86; no. 7; pp. 1041 - 1046
• Main Authors: CHOLLET, P, AMAT, S, CURE, H, DE LATOUR, M, LE BOUEDEC, G, MOURET-REYNIER, M-A, FERRIERE, J-P, ACHARD, J-L, DAUPLAT, J, PENAULT-LLORCA, F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basingstoke Nature Publishing Group 08.04.2002
• Subjects: Adult; Antineoplastic agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms - surgery; Cancer research; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Clinical; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Combined treatments (chemotherapy of immunotherapy associated with an other treatment); Disease-Free Survival; Drug dosages; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphatic system; Medical prognosis; Medical research; Medical sciences; Metastasis; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prognosis; Response rates; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Antineoplastic agent; Human; Prognosis; Treatment efficiency; Malignant tumor; Neoadjuvant treatment; Mammary gland diseases; Chemotherapy; Surgery; Classification; Phase II trial; Combined treatment; Mammary gland
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600210
• ISSN: 0007-0920

Only a few papers have been published concerning the incidence and outcome of patients with a pathological complete response after cytotoxic treatment in breast cancer. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome of patients found to have a pathological complete response in both the breast and axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. Our goal was also to determine whether the residual pathological size of the tumour in breast could be correlated with pathological node status. Between 1982 and 2000, 451 consecutive patients were registered into five prospective phase II trials. After six cycles, 396 patients underwent surgery with axillary dissection for 277 patients (69.9%). Pathological response was evaluated according to the Chevallier's classification. At a median follow-up of 8 years, survival was analysed as a function of pathological response. A pathological complete response rate was obtained in 60 patients (15.2%) after induction chemotherapy. Breast tumour persistence was significantly related to positive axillary nodes (P=5.10(-6)). At 15 years, overall survival and disease-free survival rates were significantly higher in the group who had a pathological complete response than in the group who had less than a pathological complete response (P=0.047 and P=0.024, respectively). In the absence of pathological complete response and furthermore when there is a notable remaining pathological disease, axillary dissection is still important to determine a major prognostic factor and subsequently, a second non cross resistant adjuvant regimen or high dose chemotherapy could lead to a survival benefit.