Links between cognitive status and trace element levels in hair for an environmentally exposed population: a case study in the surroundings of the Estarreja industrial area
In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess th...
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| Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 4560; p. 4560 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
18.11.2019
MDPI AG MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph16224560 |
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| Abstract | In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The study involved 79 mainly permanent residents, >55 years old, from the city of Estarreja (northern Portugal), a former industrial area. The health status of the participants was assessed by means of a complete socio-demographic questionnaire and through cognitive screening tests, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The test scores were categorized and used in the statistical analysis. Hair samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ICP-MS for selected TE. Dementia appears to be associated with higher age, the female gender, lower education level, and longer residence time in the study area. In addition, most of the participants diagnosed with dementia frequently consume home-grown foodstuffs, some irrigated with contaminated well water. The calculation of the TE enrichment factors of soil samples collected in kitchen gardens/small farms in the vicinity of the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC) reinforces the degree of Hg soil contamination in the area, due to anthropogenic sources that can be a source for the population Hg exposure route among others. Mercury levels in hair differed significantly between the four individual groups (HS, SMC, MCI, and DEM), increasing from healthy to dementia participants. Improved diagnostic results can be obtained using hair TE signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This strategy may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening for cognitive impairment.
Funding for this research was provided by the Projects SFRH/BPD/71030/2010, Project UID/GEO/04035/2019 (GeoBioTec Research Centre) financed by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and by the Labex DRIIHM, Réseau des Observatoires Hommes-Millieux–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ROHM–CNRS) and OHMI-Estarreja. We thank also the participants for taking part in this research and the local private institutions of social solidarity for their collaboration (Santa Casa Misericórdia de Estarreja, Associação Humanitária de Salreu, Centro Paroquial Social São Tomé de Canelas, Centro Paroquial Social Avanca, Fundação Cónego Filipe Figueiredo Beduído and Centro Paroquial de Pardilhó). The manuscript benefited from careful and constructive reviews by three anonymous reviewers. |
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| AbstractList | [...]the area displays interesting characteristics to study the potential effect of long-term exposures to chemicals in the environment. In the present study, trace elements levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from SMC and/or MCI and those with already installed AD in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations in the hair of the elderly and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. 2. Additionally, the following exclusion criteria were considered: (a) absence of Portuguese language skills required for cognitive testing; (b) a current or past history of neurological disease (other than SCM, MCI or dementia), traumatic brain injury, or psychiatric disorder, including depression—depression at screening was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and participants with a GDS score ≥21 [45,46,47] were considered depressed and excluded from the study; (c) previous or current alcohol or other substance abuse; (d) severe visual or auditory impairment that would negatively affect the ability to satisfactorily complete tests or understand test instructions; or (V) current or prior use of antipsychotic medication. The following data were collected: age, marital status, weight, height, nationality, education level, the period of time working in agriculture, pesticide application methods and time of exposure, use of personal protective equipment, home-grown foodstuff consumption, irrigation water source, and drinking water source. In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The study involved 79 mainly permanent residents, >55 years old, from the city of Estarreja (northern Portugal), a former industrial area. The health status of the participants was assessed by means of a complete socio-demographic questionnaire and through cognitive screening tests, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The test scores were categorized and used in the statistical analysis. Hair samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ICP-MS for selected TE. Dementia appears to be associated with higher age, the female gender, lower education level, and longer residence time in the study area. In addition, most of the participants diagnosed with dementia frequently consume home-grown foodstuffs, some irrigated with contaminated well water. The calculation of the TE enrichment factors of soil samples collected in kitchen gardens/small farms in the vicinity of the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC) reinforces the degree of Hg soil contamination in the area, due to anthropogenic sources that can be a source for the population Hg exposure route among others. Mercury levels in hair differed significantly between the four individual groups (HS, SMC, MCI, and DEM), increasing from healthy to dementia participants. Improved diagnostic results can be obtained using hair TE signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This strategy may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening for cognitive impairment. Funding for this research was provided by the Projects SFRH/BPD/71030/2010, Project UID/GEO/04035/2019 (GeoBioTec Research Centre) financed by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and by the Labex DRIIHM, Réseau des Observatoires Hommes-Millieux–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ROHM–CNRS) and OHMI-Estarreja. We thank also the participants for taking part in this research and the local private institutions of social solidarity for their collaboration (Santa Casa Misericórdia de Estarreja, Associação Humanitária de Salreu, Centro Paroquial Social São Tomé de Canelas, Centro Paroquial Social Avanca, Fundação Cónego Filipe Figueiredo Beduído and Centro Paroquial de Pardilhó). The manuscript benefited from careful and constructive reviews by three anonymous reviewers. In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The study involved 79 mainly permanent residents, >55 years old, from the city of Estarreja (northern Portugal), a former industrial area. The health status of the participants was assessed by means of a complete socio-demographic questionnaire and through cognitive screening tests, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The test scores were categorized and used in the statistical analysis. Hair samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ICP-MS for selected TE. Dementia appears to be associated with higher age, the female gender, lower education level, and longer residence time in the study area. In addition, most of the participants diagnosed with dementia frequently consume home-grown foodstuffs, some irrigated with contaminated well water. The calculation of the TE enrichment factors of soil samples collected in kitchen gardens/small farms in the vicinity of the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC) reinforces the degree of Hg soil contamination in the area, due to anthropogenic sources that can be a source for the population Hg exposure route among others. Mercury levels in hair differed significantly between the four individual groups (HS, SMC, MCI, and DEM), increasing from healthy to dementia participants. Improved diagnostic results can be obtained using hair TE signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This strategy may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening for cognitive impairment.In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The study involved 79 mainly permanent residents, >55 years old, from the city of Estarreja (northern Portugal), a former industrial area. The health status of the participants was assessed by means of a complete socio-demographic questionnaire and through cognitive screening tests, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The test scores were categorized and used in the statistical analysis. Hair samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ICP-MS for selected TE. Dementia appears to be associated with higher age, the female gender, lower education level, and longer residence time in the study area. In addition, most of the participants diagnosed with dementia frequently consume home-grown foodstuffs, some irrigated with contaminated well water. The calculation of the TE enrichment factors of soil samples collected in kitchen gardens/small farms in the vicinity of the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC) reinforces the degree of Hg soil contamination in the area, due to anthropogenic sources that can be a source for the population Hg exposure route among others. Mercury levels in hair differed significantly between the four individual groups (HS, SMC, MCI, and DEM), increasing from healthy to dementia participants. Improved diagnostic results can be obtained using hair TE signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This strategy may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening for cognitive impairment. In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The study involved 79 mainly permanent residents, >55 years old, from the city of Estarreja (northern Portugal), a former industrial area. The health status of the participants was assessed by means of a complete socio-demographic questionnaire and through cognitive screening tests, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The test scores were categorized and used in the statistical analysis. Hair samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ICP-MS for selected TE. Dementia appears to be associated with higher age, the female gender, lower education level, and longer residence time in the study area. In addition, most of the participants diagnosed with dementia frequently consume home-grown foodstuffs, some irrigated with contaminated well water. The calculation of the TE enrichment factors of soil samples collected in kitchen gardens/small farms in the vicinity of the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC) reinforces the degree of Hg soil contamination in the area, due to anthropogenic sources that can be a source for the population Hg exposure route among others. Mercury levels in hair differed significantly between the four individual groups (HS, SMC, MCI, and DEM), increasing from healthy to dementia participants. Improved diagnostic results can be obtained using hair TE signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This strategy may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening for cognitive impairment. |
| Author | Neves, Orquídia Diniz, Luísa Cabral Pinto, Marina M. S. Inácio, Manuela Dinis, Pedro A. Simões, Mário R. Almeida, Agostinho Ferreira da Silva, Eduardo Marinho Reis, A. Paula Gerardo, Bianca Freitas, Sandra Moreira, Paula I. Pinto, Edgar |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; pdinis@dct.uc.pt 3 Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, LAQV/REQUIMTE, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; aalmeida@ff.up.pt (A.A.); ecp@ess.ipp.pt (E.P.); luisa2diniz@gmail.com (L.D.) 5 Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, 3030-548 Coimbra, Portugal; bianca.s.gerardo94@gmail.com (B.G.); sandrafreitas0209@gmail.com (S.F.); simoesmr@fpce.uc.pt (M.R.S.) 4 CERENA, DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; orquidia.neves@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 7 CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3030-548 Coimbra, Portugal; pimoreira@fmed.uc.pt 1 Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geosciences, Univers |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 CERENA, DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; orquidia.neves@tecnico.ulisboa.pt – name: 6 MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; pdinis@dct.uc.pt – name: 1 Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; minacio@ua.pt (M.I.); eafsilva@ua.pt (E.F.d.S.) – name: 3 Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, LAQV/REQUIMTE, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; aalmeida@ff.up.pt (A.A.); ecp@ess.ipp.pt (E.P.); luisa2diniz@gmail.com (L.D.) – name: 7 CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3030-548 Coimbra, Portugal; pimoreira@fmed.uc.pt – name: 2 Instituto de Ciências da Terra, University of Minho, 4710–057 Braga, Portugal; pmarinho@dct.uminho.pt – name: 5 Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, 3030-548 Coimbra, Portugal; bianca.s.gerardo94@gmail.com (B.G.); sandrafreitas0209@gmail.com (S.F.); simoesmr@fpce.uc.pt (M.R.S.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Cabral Pinto, Marina M. S. – sequence: 2 fullname: Marinho Reis, A. Paula – sequence: 3 fullname: Almeida, Agostinho – sequence: 4 fullname: Pinto, Edgar – sequence: 5 fullname: Neves, Orquídia – sequence: 6 fullname: Inácio, Manuela – sequence: 7 fullname: Gerardo, Bianca – sequence: 8 fullname: Freitas, Sandra – sequence: 9 fullname: Simões, Mário R. – sequence: 10 fullname: Dinis, Pedro A. – sequence: 11 fullname: Diniz, Luísa – sequence: 12 fullname: Ferreira da Silva, Eduardo – sequence: 13 fullname: Moreira, Paula I. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31752166$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-02552539$$DView record in HAL |
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| Copyright | 2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 2019 by the authors. 2019 |
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| Issue | 4560 |
| Keywords | cognitive impairment trace elements exposure mercury OHMi Estarreja |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from... [...]the area displays interesting characteristics to study the potential effect of long-term exposures to chemicals in the environment. In the present study,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Alzheimer Disease - chemically induced Biodiversity and Ecology Biomarkers Cognition - drug effects Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - chemically induced cognitive impairment Dementia Disease Environment and Society Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Pollution - analysis Environmental Sciences Epidemiology exposure Family medical history Female Hair Hair - chemistry Humans Industry Male Memory Memory - drug effects mercury Mercury - analysis Older people Personal protective equipment Population Portugal Questionnaires Science & Technology Sociodemographics Studies Trace elements Trace Elements - adverse effects Trace Elements - analysis |
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| Title | Links between cognitive status and trace element levels in hair for an environmentally exposed population: a case study in the surroundings of the Estarreja industrial area |
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