Toxofilin upregulates the host cortical actin cytoskeleton dynamics facilitating Toxoplasma invasion
Toxoplasma, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite-cell junction, progressively propels itself through the junction inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering pa...
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| Published in | Journal of cell science Vol. 125; no. Pt 18; pp. 4333 - 4342 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
The Company of Biologists
15.09.2012
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| Abstract | Toxoplasma, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite-cell junction, progressively propels itself through the junction inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering parasite. Litle is known how a few micron-large diameter parasite overcome the host cell cortical actin barrier to support these remarkably rapid process of internalization (< few seconds). Correlative light and electron microscopy in conjunction with electron tomography and three-dimensional image analysis indicate that toxofilin an actin-binding protein, secreted by invading parasites correlates with localized sites of disassembly of the host cell actin meshwork. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence speckle microscopy in cells expressing toxofilin indicates that toxofilin regulates actin filament disassembly and turnover. Furthermore, Toxoplasma tachyzoites lacking toxofilin, are impaired in cortical actin disassembly and exhibit delayed invasion kinetics. We propose that toxofilin locally upregulates actin turnover thus increasing depolymerization events at the site of entry that, in turn loosens the local host cell actin meshwork, facilitating parasite internalization and vacuole folding. |
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| AbstractList | Toxoplasma, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite-cell junction, progressively propels itself through the junction inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering parasite. Litle is known how a few micron-large diameter parasite overcome the host cell cortical actin barrier to support these remarkably rapid process of internalization (< few seconds). Correlative light and electron microscopy in conjunction with electron tomography and three-dimensional image analysis indicate that toxofilin an actin-binding protein, secreted by invading parasites correlates with localized sites of disassembly of the host cell actin meshwork. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence speckle microscopy in cells expressing toxofilin indicates that toxofilin regulates actin filament disassembly and turnover. Furthermore, Toxoplasma tachyzoites lacking toxofilin, are impaired in cortical actin disassembly and exhibit delayed invasion kinetics. We propose that toxofilin locally upregulates actin turnover thus increasing depolymerization events at the site of entry that, in turn loosens the local host cell actin meshwork, facilitating parasite internalization and vacuole folding. Toxoplasma gondii, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite-cell junction, and progressively propels itself through the junction, inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering parasite. Little is known about how a parasite that is a few microns in diameter overcomes the host cell cortical actin barrier to achieve the remarkably rapid process of internalization (less than a few seconds). Using correlative light and electron microscopy in conjunction with electron tomography and three-dimensional image analysis we identified that toxofilin, an actin-binding protein, secreted by invading parasites correlates with localized sites of disassembly of the host cell actin meshwork. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence speckle microscopy of cells expressing toxofilin showed that toxofilin regulates actin filament disassembly and turnover. Furthermore, Toxoplasma tachyzoites lacking toxofilin, were found to be impaired in cortical actin disassembly and exhibited delayed invasion kinetics. We propose that toxofilin locally upregulates actin turnover thus increasing depolymerization events at the site of entry that in turn loosens the local host cell actin meshwork, facilitating parasite internalization and vacuole folding. Toxoplasma gondii, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite-cell junction, and progressively propels itself through the junction, inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering parasite. Little is known about how a parasite that is a few microns in diameter overcomes the host cell cortical actin barrier to achieve the remarkably rapid process of internalization (less than a few seconds). Using correlative light and electron microscopy in conjunction with electron tomography and three-dimensional image analysis we identified that toxofilin, an actin-binding protein, secreted by invading parasites correlates with localized sites of disassembly of the host cell actin meshwork. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence speckle microscopy of cells expressing toxofilin showed that toxofilin regulates actin filament disassembly and turnover. Furthermore, Toxoplasma tachyzoites lacking toxofilin, were found to be impaired in cortical actin disassembly and exhibited delayed invasion kinetics. We propose that toxofilin locally upregulates actin turnover thus increasing depolymerization events at the site of entry that in turn loosens the local host cell actin meshwork, facilitating parasite internalization and vacuole folding.Toxoplasma gondii, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite-cell junction, and progressively propels itself through the junction, inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering parasite. Little is known about how a parasite that is a few microns in diameter overcomes the host cell cortical actin barrier to achieve the remarkably rapid process of internalization (less than a few seconds). Using correlative light and electron microscopy in conjunction with electron tomography and three-dimensional image analysis we identified that toxofilin, an actin-binding protein, secreted by invading parasites correlates with localized sites of disassembly of the host cell actin meshwork. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence speckle microscopy of cells expressing toxofilin showed that toxofilin regulates actin filament disassembly and turnover. Furthermore, Toxoplasma tachyzoites lacking toxofilin, were found to be impaired in cortical actin disassembly and exhibited delayed invasion kinetics. We propose that toxofilin locally upregulates actin turnover thus increasing depolymerization events at the site of entry that in turn loosens the local host cell actin meshwork, facilitating parasite internalization and vacuole folding. Toxoplasma gondii , a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the formation of a parasite–cell junction, and progressively propels itself through the junction, inside a newly formed vacuole that encloses the entering parasite. Little is known about how a parasite that is a few microns in diameter overcomes the host cell cortical actin barrier to achieve the remarkably rapid process of internalization (less than a few seconds). Using correlative light and electron microscopy in conjunction with electron tomography and three-dimensional image analysis we identified that toxofilin, an actin-binding protein, secreted by invading parasites correlates with localized sites of disassembly of the host cell actin meshwork. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence speckle microscopy of cells expressing toxofilin showed that toxofilin regulates actin filament disassembly and turnover. Furthermore, Toxoplasma tachyzoites lacking toxofilin, were found to be impaired in cortical actin disassembly and exhibited delayed invasion kinetics. We propose that toxofilin locally upregulates actin turnover thus increasing depolymerization events at the site of entry that in turn loosens the local host cell actin meshwork, facilitating parasite internalization and vacuole folding. |
| Author | Lagal, Vanessa Tardieux, Isabelle Perazzi, Audrey Delorme-Walker, Violaine Hanein, Dorit Anderson, Karen Gonzalez, Virginie Page, Christopher Ochoa, Wendy Abrivard, Marie Chauvet, Juliette Volkmann, Niels |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037 , USA 2 Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes , CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris , France 4 Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037 , USA 3 INSERM , U1016, 75014 Paris , France |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037 , USA – name: 3 INSERM , U1016, 75014 Paris , France – name: 4 Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037 , USA – name: 2 Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes , CNRS (UMR 8104), 75014 Paris , France |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Violaine surname: Delorme-Walker fullname: Delorme-Walker, Violaine – sequence: 2 givenname: Marie surname: Abrivard fullname: Abrivard, Marie – sequence: 3 givenname: Vanessa surname: Lagal fullname: Lagal, Vanessa – sequence: 4 givenname: Karen surname: Anderson fullname: Anderson, Karen – sequence: 5 givenname: Audrey surname: Perazzi fullname: Perazzi, Audrey – sequence: 6 givenname: Virginie surname: Gonzalez fullname: Gonzalez, Virginie – sequence: 7 givenname: Christopher surname: Page fullname: Page, Christopher – sequence: 8 givenname: Juliette surname: Chauvet fullname: Chauvet, Juliette – sequence: 9 givenname: Wendy surname: Ochoa fullname: Ochoa, Wendy – sequence: 10 givenname: Niels surname: Volkmann fullname: Volkmann, Niels – sequence: 11 givenname: Dorit surname: Hanein fullname: Hanein, Dorit – sequence: 12 givenname: Isabelle surname: Tardieux fullname: Tardieux, Isabelle |
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| Snippet | Toxoplasma, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the... Toxoplasma gondii, a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the... Toxoplasma gondii , a human pathogen and a model apicomplexan parasite, actively and rapidly invades host cells. To initiate invasion, the parasite induces the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Actin Capping Proteins - metabolism Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism Actin Cytoskeleton - parasitology Actin Cytoskeleton - ultrastructure Actin Depolymerizing Factors - metabolism Actins - metabolism Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Cell Line Cell Survival Gene Knockout Techniques Host-Parasite Interactions Humans Kinetics Life Cycle Stages Phosphorylation Phosphoserine - metabolism Protein Transport Protozoan Proteins - metabolism Rats Secretory Vesicles - metabolism Secretory Vesicles - parasitology Toxoplasma - growth & development Toxoplasma - physiology Toxoplasma - ultrastructure Toxoplasma gondii Up-Regulation |
| Title | Toxofilin upregulates the host cortical actin cytoskeleton dynamics facilitating Toxoplasma invasion |
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