Divergent Impact of Actin Isoforms on Division of Epithelial Cells

We investigated distribution and functions of beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actins (CYAs) at different stages of non-neoplastic epithelial cell division using laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Here, we demonstrated that beta- and gamma-CYAs are spatially segregated in the early prophase, anaphase, telo...

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Published inBiochemistry (Moscow) Vol. 85; no. 9; pp. 1072 - 1081
Main Authors Shagieva, G. S., Alieva, I. B., Chaponnier, C., Dugina, V. B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.09.2020
Springer
Subjects
Actin
Actins - metabolism
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bioorganic Chemistry
Cells, Cultured
Comparative analysis
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm - metabolism
Humans
Keratinocytes - cytology
Keratinocytes - metabolism
Life Sciences
Microbiology
Microtubules - metabolism
Mitosis
Muscle proteins
Protein Isoforms
RNA
Tubulins
Germany
cell division
microtubules
cytoplasmic actin
mitosis
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Summary:We investigated distribution and functions of beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actins (CYAs) at different stages of non-neoplastic epithelial cell division using laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Here, we demonstrated that beta- and gamma-CYAs are spatially segregated in the early prophase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments revealed that in both beta-CYA- and gamma-CYA-depleted cells, the number of cells was significantly reduced compared with the siRNA controls. Beta-CYA depletion resulted in an enlargement of the cell area in metaphase and high percentage of polynuclear cells compared with the siRNA control, indicating a potential failure of cytokinesis. Gamma-CYA depletion resulted in a reduced percentage of mitotic cells. We also observed the interdependence between the actin isoforms and the microtubule system in mitosis: (i) a decrease in the gamma-CYA led to impaired mitotic spindle organization; (ii) suppression of tubulin polymerization caused impaired beta-CYA reorganization, as incubation with colcemid blocked the transfer of short beta-actin polymers from the basal to the cortical compartment. We conclude that both actin isoforms are essential for proper cell division, but each isoform has its own specific functional role in this process.
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ISSN:0006-2979
1608-3040
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920090072