Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels

Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicit...

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Published inBiogeosciences Vol. 19; no. 10; pp. 2653 - 2669
Main Authors Baird, Aileen B, Bannister, Edward J, MacKenzie, A. Robert, Pope, Francis D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 30.05.2022
Copernicus Publications
Subjects
Aerosol concentrations
Aerosols
Air pollution
Airborne microorganisms
Allergenicity
Animal diseases
Arrays
Atmospheric diffusion
Atmospheric dispersion
Atmospheric models
Autumn
Bioaerosols
Biosphere
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Cloud formation
Clouds
Detritus
Dispersion
Ecological effects
Ecology
Experiments
Forestry research
Forests
Fungi
Global temperature changes
Human diseases
Hygroscopicity
Livestock
Low cost
Measurement
Meteorology
Particle counters
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Phenology
Plant cover
Pollen
Pollution dispersion
Radiation counters
Relative humidity
Rural areas
Seasons
Sensors
Soil particles
Spatial variations
Spores
Suspended particulate matter
Trees
Viruses
Weather
Wind
Wind speed
Woodlands
United Kingdom > UK
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Abstract Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence biosphere-atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol, and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect forest bioaerosol in the future.
AbstractList Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence biosphere–atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol, and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect forest bioaerosol in the future. We installed low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) to measure particles in the size range between 1 and 10 µm (PM10–PM1) for a period of 2 months in autumn 2018 at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. In the paper, we propose that the PM10–PM1 (particulate matter) metric is a good proxy for bioaerosols because of the bioaerosol representative size range, the location of the study site (a woodland in a rural location), the field measurement taking place during the season of peak fungal activity, and the low hygroscopicity of the particles measured. The BIFoR FACE facility fumigates three 700 m2 areas of the forest with an additional 150 ppm CO2 above ambient levels with minimal impacts on other potential environmental drivers such as temperature, humidity, and wind. This experimental set-up enabled us to investigate the effect of environmental variables, including elevated CO2 (eCO2), on bioaerosol proxy concentrations and to evaluate the performance of the low-cost OPCs in a forested environment. Operating the low-cost OPCs during autumn 2018, we aimed to capture predominantly the fungal bioaerosol season. Across the experimental duration, the OPCs captured both temporal and spatial variation in bioaerosol concentrations. Aerosol concentrations were affected by changing temperatures and wind speeds but, contrary to our initial hypothesis, not by relative humidity. We detected no effect of the eCO2 treatment on total bioaerosol concentrations, but a potential suppression of high-concentration bioaerosol events was detected under eCO2. In-canopy atmospheric dispersion modelling indicates that the median spore dispersion distance is sufficiently small that there is little mixing between treatment and control experiments. Our data demonstrate the suitability of low-cost OPCs, interpreted with due caution, for use in forests and so opens the possibility of forest bioaerosol monitoring in a wider range of habitats to a wider range of researchers at a modest cost.
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence biosphere-atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol, and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect forest bioaerosol in the future.
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence biosphere–atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol, and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect forest bioaerosol in the future.We installed low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) to measure particles in the size range between 1 and 10 µm (PM10–PM1) for a period of 2 months in autumn 2018 at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. In the paper, we propose that the PM10–PM1 (particulate matter) metric is a good proxy for bioaerosols because of the bioaerosol representative size range, the location of the study site (a woodland in a rural location), the field measurement taking place during the season of peak fungal activity, and the low hygroscopicity of the particles measured. The BIFoR FACE facility fumigates three 700 m2 areas of the forest with an additional 150 ppm CO2 above ambient levels with minimal impacts on other potential environmental drivers such as temperature, humidity, and wind. This experimental set-up enabled us to investigate the effect of environmental variables, including elevated CO2 (eCO2), on bioaerosol proxy concentrations and to evaluate the performance of the low-cost OPCs in a forested environment.Operating the low-cost OPCs during autumn 2018, we aimed to capture predominantly the fungal bioaerosol season. Across the experimental duration, the OPCs captured both temporal and spatial variation in bioaerosol concentrations. Aerosol concentrations were affected by changing temperatures and wind speeds but, contrary to our initial hypothesis, not by relative humidity. We detected no effect of the eCO2 treatment on total bioaerosol concentrations, but a potential suppression of high-concentration bioaerosol events was detected under eCO2. In-canopy atmospheric dispersion modelling indicates that the median spore dispersion distance is sufficiently small that there is little mixing between treatment and control experiments. Our data demonstrate the suitability of low-cost OPCs, interpreted with due caution, for use in forests and so opens the possibility of forest bioaerosol monitoring in a wider range of habitats to a wider range of researchers at a modest cost.
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence biosphere-atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol, and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect forest bioaerosol in the future. We installed low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) to measure particles in the size range between 1 and 10 µm (PM.sub.10 -PM.sub.1) for a period of 2 months in autumn 2018 at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. In the paper, we propose that the PM.sub.10 -PM.sub.1 (particulate matter) metric is a good proxy for bioaerosols because of the bioaerosol representative size range, the location of the study site (a woodland in a rural location), the field measurement taking place during the season of peak fungal activity, and the low hygroscopicity of the particles measured. The BIFoR FACE facility fumigates three 700 m.sup.2 areas of the forest with an additional 150 ppm CO.sub.2 above ambient levels with minimal impacts on other potential environmental drivers such as temperature, humidity, and wind. This experimental set-up enabled us to investigate the effect of environmental variables, including elevated CO.sub.2 (eCO.sub.2 ), on bioaerosol proxy concentrations and to evaluate the performance of the low-cost OPCs in a forested environment. Operating the low-cost OPCs during autumn 2018, we aimed to capture predominantly the fungal bioaerosol season. Across the experimental duration, the OPCs captured both temporal and spatial variation in bioaerosol concentrations. Aerosol concentrations were affected by changing temperatures and wind speeds but, contrary to our initial hypothesis, not by relative humidity. We detected no effect of the eCO.sub.2 treatment on total bioaerosol concentrations, but a potential suppression of high-concentration bioaerosol events was detected under eCO.sub.2 . In-canopy atmospheric dispersion modelling indicates that the median spore dispersion distance is sufficiently small that there is little mixing between treatment and control experiments. Our data demonstrate the suitability of low-cost OPCs, interpreted with due caution, for use in forests and so opens the possibility of forest bioaerosol monitoring in a wider range of habitats to a wider range of researchers at a modest cost.
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence biosphere–atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol, and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect forest bioaerosol in the future. We installed low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) to measure particles in the size range between 1 and 10  µ m (PM 10 –PM 1 ) for a period of 2 months in autumn 2018 at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. In the paper, we propose that the PM 10 –PM 1 (particulate matter) metric is a good proxy for bioaerosols because of the bioaerosol representative size range, the location of the study site (a woodland in a rural location), the field measurement taking place during the season of peak fungal activity, and the low hygroscopicity of the particles measured. The BIFoR FACE facility fumigates three 700 m 2 areas of the forest with an additional 150 ppm CO 2 above ambient levels with minimal impacts on other potential environmental drivers such as temperature, humidity, and wind. This experimental set-up enabled us to investigate the effect of environmental variables, including elevated CO 2 ( e CO 2 ), on bioaerosol proxy concentrations and to evaluate the performance of the low-cost OPCs in a forested environment. Operating the low-cost OPCs during autumn 2018, we aimed to capture predominantly the fungal bioaerosol season. Across the experimental duration, the OPCs captured both temporal and spatial variation in bioaerosol concentrations. Aerosol concentrations were affected by changing temperatures and wind speeds but, contrary to our initial hypothesis, not by relative humidity. We detected no effect of the e CO 2 treatment on total bioaerosol concentrations, but a potential suppression of high-concentration bioaerosol events was detected under e CO 2 . In-canopy atmospheric dispersion modelling indicates that the median spore dispersion distance is sufficiently small that there is little mixing between treatment and control experiments. Our data demonstrate the suitability of low-cost OPCs, interpreted with due caution, for use in forests and so opens the possibility of forest bioaerosol monitoring in a wider range of habitats to a wider range of researchers at a modest cost.
Audience Academic
Author Baird, Aileen B
Pope, Francis D
Bannister, Edward J
MacKenzie, A. Robert
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Snippet Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus,...
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant detritus,...
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SubjectTerms Aerosol concentrations
Aerosols
Air pollution
Airborne microorganisms
Allergenicity
Animal diseases
Arrays
Atmospheric diffusion
Atmospheric dispersion
Atmospheric models
Autumn
Bioaerosols
Biosphere
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Cloud formation
Clouds
Detritus
Dispersion
Ecological effects
Ecology
Experiments
Forestry research
Forests
Fungi
Global temperature changes
Human diseases
Hygroscopicity
Livestock
Low cost
Measurement
Meteorology
Particle counters
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Phenology
Plant cover
Pollen
Pollution dispersion
Radiation counters
Relative humidity
Rural areas
Seasons
Sensors
Soil particles
Spatial variations
Spores
Suspended particulate matter
Trees
Viruses
Weather
Wind
Wind speed
Woodlands
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Title Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
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https://doaj.org/article/87f9b3fb8d264af2ab57f51464bf1cb6
Volume 19
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