Tropical cyclones and the ecohydrology of Australia's recent continental-scale drought

The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002–2010, instead of a localized drought, there was a continent‐wide reduction in water storage, vegetation and rainfall, spanning the northwest to the southeast of Australia. Tr...

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Published inGeophysical research letters Vol. 39; no. 3
Main Authors McGrath, Gavan S., Sadler, Rohan, Fleming, Kevin, Tregoning, Paul, Hinz, Christoph, Veneklaas, Erik J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2012
American Geophysical Union
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0094-8276
1944-8007
DOI10.1029/2011GL050263

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Abstract The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002–2010, instead of a localized drought, there was a continent‐wide reduction in water storage, vegetation and rainfall, spanning the northwest to the southeast of Australia. Trends in water storage and vegetation were assessed using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Water storage and NDVI are shown to be significantly correlated across the continent and the greatest losses of water storage occurred over northwest Australia. The frequency of tropical cyclones over northwest Australia peaked just prior to the launch of the GRACE mission in 2002. Indeed, since 1981, decade‐scale fluctuations in tropical cyclone numbers coincide with similar variation in rainfall and vegetation over northwest Australia. Rainfall and vegetation in southeast Australia trended oppositely to the northwest prior to 2001. Despite differences between the northwest and southeast droughts, there is reason to believe that continental droughts may occur when the respective climate drivers align. Key Points We identified a continent‐wide drought Ecohydrology associated with tropical cyclone frequency Indian Ocean variability drives decadal‐scale variability in Australia's ecology
AbstractList The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002-2010, instead of a localized drought, there was a continent-wide reduction in water storage, vegetation and rainfall, spanning the northwest to the southeast of Australia. Trends in water storage and vegetation were assessed using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Water storage and NDVI are shown to be significantly correlated across the continent and the greatest losses of water storage occurred over northwest Australia. The frequency of tropical cyclones over northwest Australia peaked just prior to the launch of the GRACE mission in 2002. Indeed, since 1981, decade-scale fluctuations in tropical cyclone numbers coincide with similar variation in rainfall and vegetation over northwest Australia. Rainfall and vegetation in southeast Australia trended oppositely to the northwest prior to 2001. Despite differences between the northwest and southeast droughts, there is reason to believe that continental droughts may occur when the respective climate drivers align.
The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002–2010, instead of a localized drought, there was a continent‐wide reduction in water storage, vegetation and rainfall, spanning the northwest to the southeast of Australia. Trends in water storage and vegetation were assessed using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Water storage and NDVI are shown to be significantly correlated across the continent and the greatest losses of water storage occurred over northwest Australia. The frequency of tropical cyclones over northwest Australia peaked just prior to the launch of the GRACE mission in 2002. Indeed, since 1981, decade‐scale fluctuations in tropical cyclone numbers coincide with similar variation in rainfall and vegetation over northwest Australia. Rainfall and vegetation in southeast Australia trended oppositely to the northwest prior to 2001. Despite differences between the northwest and southeast droughts, there is reason to believe that continental droughts may occur when the respective climate drivers align. Key Points We identified a continent‐wide drought Ecohydrology associated with tropical cyclone frequency Indian Ocean variability drives decadal‐scale variability in Australia's ecology
The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002–2010, instead of a localized drought, there was a continent‐wide reduction in water storage, vegetation and rainfall, spanning the northwest to the southeast of Australia. Trends in water storage and vegetation were assessed using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Water storage and NDVI are shown to be significantly correlated across the continent and the greatest losses of water storage occurred over northwest Australia. The frequency of tropical cyclones over northwest Australia peaked just prior to the launch of the GRACE mission in 2002. Indeed, since 1981, decade‐scale fluctuations in tropical cyclone numbers coincide with similar variation in rainfall and vegetation over northwest Australia. Rainfall and vegetation in southeast Australia trended oppositely to the northwest prior to 2001. Despite differences between the northwest and southeast droughts, there is reason to believe that continental droughts may occur when the respective climate drivers align. We identified a continent‐wide drought Ecohydrology associated with tropical cyclone frequency Indian Ocean variability drives decadal‐scale variability in Australia's ecology
Author Hinz, Christoph
Fleming, Kevin
McGrath, Gavan S.
Veneklaas, Erik J.
Sadler, Rohan
Tregoning, Paul
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Gavan S.
  surname: McGrath
  fullname: McGrath, Gavan S.
  email: gavan.mcgrath@uwa.edu.au
  organization: School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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  givenname: Rohan
  surname: Sadler
  fullname: Sadler, Rohan
  organization: School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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  givenname: Kevin
  surname: Fleming
  fullname: Fleming, Kevin
  organization: Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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  givenname: Paul
  surname: Tregoning
  fullname: Tregoning, Paul
  organization: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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  givenname: Christoph
  surname: Hinz
  fullname: Hinz, Christoph
  organization: School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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  surname: Veneklaas
  fullname: Veneklaas, Erik J.
  organization: School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Issue 3
Keywords experimental studies
rainfall
trend-surface analysis
Vegetation index
atmospheric precipitation
Australasia
vegetation
climate
recovery
continents
frequency
water storage
Severe weather
Tropical cyclone
fluctuations
drought
Natural hazards
reduction
Gravity
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Snippet The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002–2010, instead of a localized...
The Big Dry, a recent drought over southeast Australia, began around 1997 and continued until 2011. We show that between 2002-2010, instead of a localized...
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SubjectTerms Atmosphere
Australia
Biosphere
Drought
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
ecohydrology
Exact sciences and technology
Geobiology
Geodetics
GRACE
gravity
Hydrology
NDVI
Rainfall
Remote sensing
Tropical cyclones
Vegetation
Water storage
Title Tropical cyclones and the ecohydrology of Australia's recent continental-scale drought
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Volume 39
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