Evaluation of the plantaris tendon: cadaver anatomy study with ultrasonographic and clinical correlation with tennis leg injury in 759 calves
Objective The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general...
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| Published in | Skeletal radiology Vol. 51; no. 9; pp. 1797 - 1806 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.09.2022
Springer Springer Nature B.V Springer Verlag |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0364-2348 1432-2161 1432-2161 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00256-022-04019-3 |
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| Abstract | Objective
The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury.
Methods
First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present.
Results
The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its “limited” mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / − 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / − 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (
P
= 0.74) or group (
P
= 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (
P
= 0.014).
Conclusion
PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury. First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present. The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its "limited" mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / - 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / - 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014). PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury. First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present. The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its "limited" mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / - 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / - 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014). PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury. First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present. The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its "limited" mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / - 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / - 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014). PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. Objective The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury. Methods First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present. Results The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its "limited" mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / - 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / - 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014). Conclusion PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury.OBJECTIVEThe role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury.First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present.METHODSFirst, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present.The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its "limited" mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / - 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / - 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014).RESULTSThe PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its "limited" mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / - 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / - 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014).PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region.CONCLUSIONPM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. ObjectiveThe role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury.MethodsFirst, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present.ResultsThe PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its “limited” mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / − 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / − 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side (P = 0.74) or group (P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 (P = 0.014).ConclusionPM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. Objective The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle in a cadaveric series, (2) to compare anatomic results with ultrasound (US) in the general population, and (3) to identify the potential role of the PM in the genesis of tennis leg (TL) injury. Methods First, a cadaveric study was undertaken on six cadavers for descriptive and functional PM anatomy. Second, US evaluation was carried out for 670 calves in 335 subjects with no suspicion of a clinical tear in the thigh or calf muscle (group 1) and for 89 calves in 89 patients with tear symptoms (group 2). Study criteria were the presence or absence of PM tendon and the width measurement if present. Results The PM was present in all cadavers. Traction on the tendon showed its “limited” mobility due to the connective tissue adherence mentioned with no apparent gliding of PM, promoting TL injury. In US, 37 PM were absent (4.35%) in 23 subjects. PM tendon width measurement of group 1 and group 2 was, respectively, 3.93 + / − 1.10 mm and 3.96 + / − 1.10 mm. No statistically significant differences between width measurements were found according to side ( P = 0.74) or group ( P = 0.69). Significant differences in width were only found between genders in group 1 ( P = 0.014). Conclusion PM were absent in 4.35% population. The contraction of PM can promote tennis leg injury by increasing the shear forces at the level of the distal inter-aponeurotic region. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Meyer, P. Pesquer, L. Poussange, N. Demondion, X. Dallaudière, B. Boudahmane, S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: P. surname: Meyer fullname: Meyer, P. organization: Centre d’Imagerie Ostéo-Articulaire, Clinique du Sport de Bordeaux-Mérignac – sequence: 2 givenname: L. surname: Pesquer fullname: Pesquer, L. organization: Centre d’Imagerie Ostéo-Articulaire, Clinique du Sport de Bordeaux-Mérignac – sequence: 3 givenname: S. surname: Boudahmane fullname: Boudahmane, S. organization: Centre d’Imagerie Ostéo-Articulaire, Clinique du Sport de Bordeaux-Mérignac – sequence: 4 givenname: N. surname: Poussange fullname: Poussange, N. organization: Centre d’Imagerie Ostéo-Articulaire, Clinique du Sport de Bordeaux-Mérignac – sequence: 5 givenname: X. surname: Demondion fullname: Demondion, X. organization: Laboratoire d’Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine de Lille – sequence: 6 givenname: B. surname: Dallaudière fullname: Dallaudière, B. email: benjamin.dallaudiere@gmail.com organization: Centre d’Imagerie Ostéo-Articulaire, Clinique du Sport de Bordeaux-Mérignac, Département d’Imagerie Musculo-Squelettique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Place Amélie Léon Rabat, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux |
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| Keywords | Functional Tennis leg Anatomy Plantaris muscle US Ultrasonography Tennis Animals Cattle Humans Female Male Leg Injuries Muscle Cadaver Skeletal Leg Tendons |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Objective
The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface... The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface between... Objective The role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface... ObjectiveThe role of the plantaris muscle (PM) in the literature is not clear. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to study PM at the interface... |
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| SubjectTerms | Anatomy Athletic Injuries Cadaver Cadavers Calves Connective tissues Evaluation Female Gliding Human health and pathology Humans Imaging Injuries Leg Leg - anatomy & histology Leg Injuries Legs Life Sciences Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Muscle, Skeletal - injuries Muscles Nuclear Medicine Orthopedics Pathology Radiology Scientific Article Shear forces Soleus muscle Sports injuries Statistical analysis Tendon Injuries Tendons - anatomy & histology Tennis Thigh |
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| Title | Evaluation of the plantaris tendon: cadaver anatomy study with ultrasonographic and clinical correlation with tennis leg injury in 759 calves |
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