Recognition of Oxidized Lipids by Macrophages and Its Role in Atherosclerosis Development

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease that has a prominent inflammatory component. Currently, atherosclerosis is regarded as an active autoimmune process that involves both innate and adaptive immune pathways. One of the drivers of this process is the presence of modified low-density l...

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Published inBiomedicines Vol. 9; no. 8; p. 915
Main Authors Mushenkova, Nataliya V., Bezsonov, Evgeny E., Orekhova, Varvara A., Popkova, Tatyana V., Starodubova, Antonina V., Orekhov, Alexander N.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 29.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Apolipoproteins
Arteries
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Cytokines
Epitopes
Immune system
immunomodulation
Immunoregulation
Inflammation
LDL
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
macrophage
Macrophages
Oxidation
oxidized LDL
Particle size
Pathogenesis
Proteins
Review
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Abstract Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease that has a prominent inflammatory component. Currently, atherosclerosis is regarded as an active autoimmune process that involves both innate and adaptive immune pathways. One of the drivers of this process is the presence of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). For instance, lipoprotein oxidation leads to the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE) that can be recognized by the immune cells. Macrophage response to OSEs is recognized as a key trigger for initiation and a stimulator of progression of the inflammatory process in the arteries. At the same time, the role of oxidized LDL components is not limited to pro-inflammatory stimulation, but includes immunoregulatory effects that can have protective functions. It is, therefore, important to better understand the complexity of oxidized LDL effects in atherosclerosis in order to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct the inflammatory and metabolic imbalance associated with this disorder. In this review, we discuss the process of oxidized LDL formation, mechanisms of OSE recognition by macrophages and the role of these processes in atherosclerosis.
AbstractList Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease that has a prominent inflammatory component. Currently, atherosclerosis is regarded as an active autoimmune process that involves both innate and adaptive immune pathways. One of the drivers of this process is the presence of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). For instance, lipoprotein oxidation leads to the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE) that can be recognized by the immune cells. Macrophage response to OSEs is recognized as a key trigger for initiation and a stimulator of progression of the inflammatory process in the arteries. At the same time, the role of oxidized LDL components is not limited to pro-inflammatory stimulation, but includes immunoregulatory effects that can have protective functions. It is, therefore, important to better understand the complexity of oxidized LDL effects in atherosclerosis in order to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct the inflammatory and metabolic imbalance associated with this disorder. In this review, we discuss the process of oxidized LDL formation, mechanisms of OSE recognition by macrophages and the role of these processes in atherosclerosis.
Author Orekhova, Varvara A
Popkova, Tatyana V
Starodubova, Antonina V
Mushenkova, Nataliya V
Bezsonov, Evgeny E
Orekhov, Alexander N
AuthorAffiliation 3 Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
4 V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia; popkovatv@mail.ru
2 Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; evgeny.bezsonov@gmail.com (E.E.B.); a.h.opexob@gmail.com (A.N.O.)
5 Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia; avs.ion@yandex.ru
1 Pharmstandard Ventures, 10 Testovskaya Street, 123112 Moscow, Russia; mushenkova@mail.ru
6 Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 6 Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
– name: 4 V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia; popkovatv@mail.ru
– name: 1 Pharmstandard Ventures, 10 Testovskaya Street, 123112 Moscow, Russia; mushenkova@mail.ru
– name: 5 Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia; avs.ion@yandex.ru
– name: 3 Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
– name: 2 Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; evgeny.bezsonov@gmail.com (E.E.B.); a.h.opexob@gmail.com (A.N.O.)
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  surname: Orekhov
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Snippet Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease that has a prominent inflammatory component. Currently, atherosclerosis is regarded as an active autoimmune...
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SubjectTerms Apolipoproteins
Arteries
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Cytokines
Epitopes
Immune system
immunomodulation
Immunoregulation
Inflammation
LDL
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
macrophage
Macrophages
Oxidation
oxidized LDL
Particle size
Pathogenesis
Proteins
Review
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Title Recognition of Oxidized Lipids by Macrophages and Its Role in Atherosclerosis Development
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8389651
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