Meta‐analysis of yield and nitrous oxide outcomes for nitrogen management in agriculture
Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food pr...
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| Published in | Global change biology Vol. 27; no. 11; pp. 2343 - 2360 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators—partial N balance and partial factor productivity—predicted N2O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade‐offs between yield and N2O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co‐vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2O data collection should be prioritized in under‐represented regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Our findings show that, unlike many soil and climate variables, fertilizer management had consistent impacts on crop yields and N2O emissions with potential synergies and trade‐offs. Our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. Practices that enhance partial factor productivity of N can result in lower N2O emissions for a given level of productivity and “shift” the exponential increase in N2O emissions as productivity increases. |
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| AbstractList | Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N
2
O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N
2
O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N
2
O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators—partial N balance and partial factor productivity—predicted N
2
O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade‐offs between yield and N
2
O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co‐vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N
2
O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N
2
O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N
2
O data collection should be prioritized in under‐represented regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Our findings show that, unlike many soil and climate variables, fertilizer management had consistent impacts on crop yields and N
2
O emissions with potential synergies and trade‐offs. Our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N
2
O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. Practices that enhance partial factor productivity of N can result in lower N
2
O emissions for a given level of productivity and “shift” the exponential increase in N
2
O emissions as productivity increases. Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2 O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2 O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators-partial N balance and partial factor productivity-predicted N2 O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade-offs between yield and N2 O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co-vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2 O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2 O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2 O data collection should be prioritized in under-represented regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa.Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2 O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2 O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators-partial N balance and partial factor productivity-predicted N2 O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade-offs between yield and N2 O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co-vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2 O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2 O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2 O data collection should be prioritized in under-represented regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators—partial N balance and partial factor productivity—predicted N2O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade‐offs between yield and N2O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co‐vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2O data collection should be prioritized in under‐represented regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa. Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators—partial N balance and partial factor productivity—predicted N2O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade‐offs between yield and N2O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co‐vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2O data collection should be prioritized in under‐represented regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa. Our findings show that, unlike many soil and climate variables, fertilizer management had consistent impacts on crop yields and N2O emissions with potential synergies and trade‐offs. Our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. Practices that enhance partial factor productivity of N can result in lower N2O emissions for a given level of productivity and “shift” the exponential increase in N2O emissions as productivity increases. Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators-partial N balance and partial factor productivity-predicted N O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade-offs between yield and N O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co-vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N O data collection should be prioritized in under-represented regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N 2 O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N 2 O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N 2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators—partial N balance and partial factor productivity—predicted N 2 O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade‐offs between yield and N 2 O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co‐vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N 2 O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N 2 O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N 2 O data collection should be prioritized in under‐represented regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa. Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N₂O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N₂O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N₂O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators—partial N balance and partial factor productivity—predicted N₂O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade‐offs between yield and N₂O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co‐vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N₂O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N₂O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N₂O data collection should be prioritized in under‐represented regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa. |
| Author | Sapkota, Tek B. Eagle, Alison J. Majumdar, Kaushik Bruulsema, Tom W. Maaz, Tai M. Kantar, Michael B. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Environmental Defense Fund Raleigh NC USA 5 African Plant Nutrition Institute Benguerir Morocco 4 Plant Nutrition Canada Guelph ON Canada 1 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI USA 2 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco Mexico |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco Mexico – name: 4 Plant Nutrition Canada Guelph ON Canada – name: 3 Environmental Defense Fund Raleigh NC USA – name: 5 African Plant Nutrition Institute Benguerir Morocco – name: 1 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tai M. orcidid: 0000-0002-4776-1769 surname: Maaz fullname: Maaz, Tai M. organization: University of Hawaii at Manoa – sequence: 2 givenname: Tek B. orcidid: 0000-0001-5311-0586 surname: Sapkota fullname: Sapkota, Tek B. email: t.sapkota@cgiar.org organization: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center – sequence: 3 givenname: Alison J. orcidid: 0000-0003-0841-2379 surname: Eagle fullname: Eagle, Alison J. organization: Environmental Defense Fund – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael B. orcidid: 0000-0001-5542-0975 surname: Kantar fullname: Kantar, Michael B. organization: University of Hawaii at Manoa – sequence: 5 givenname: Tom W. orcidid: 0000-0003-1777-2421 surname: Bruulsema fullname: Bruulsema, Tom W. organization: Plant Nutrition Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: Kaushik surname: Majumdar fullname: Majumdar, Kaushik organization: African Plant Nutrition Institute |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33831231$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2021 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2021. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| Keywords | agriculture balance management subtropical yield N2O rice emissions 4R |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution-NonCommercial 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
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| Notes | Funding information The conclusions and recommendations out of this paper are of authors and cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of these organizations. https://ccafs.cgiar.org/donors This work was carried out by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and funded by the CGIAR research programs (CRPs) on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). CCAFS' work is supported by CGIAR Fund Donors and through bilateral funding agreements. For details please visit ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 This work was carried out by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and funded by the CGIAR research programs (CRPs) on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). CCAFS' work is supported by CGIAR Fund Donors and through bilateral funding agreements. For details please visit https://ccafs.cgiar.org/donors. The conclusions and recommendations out of this paper are of authors and cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of these organizations. |
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| SubjectTerms | Agricultural ecosystems Agricultural management Agricultural production Agriculture agroecosystems balance Biological fertilization Biological Sciences Crop production Crop yield Data collection emissions Emissions control Emitters environmental sustainability Fertilization Fertilizers Food Food production Food security global change Management Meta-analysis Mineral nutrients Mitigation N2O Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Nutrient dynamics nutrient management Primary Primary s Regions rice Sub-Saharan Africa subtropical Sustainability Tropical climate Uptake yield |
| Title | Meta‐analysis of yield and nitrous oxide outcomes for nitrogen management in agriculture |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fgcb.15588 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33831231 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2522964842 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2511241470 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2552023280 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8252581 |
| Volume | 27 |
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