The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solution: From Theory, Single Crystal Models, to Practical Electrocatalysts

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of hydrogen‐based energy sources. However, the considerably slow rate of the HER in alkaline conditions has hindered advances in water splitting tec...

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Published in	Angewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 57; no. 26; pp. 7568 - 7579
Main Authors	Zheng, Yao, Jiao, Yan, Vasileff, Anthony, Qiao, Shi‐Zhang
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 25.06.2018
Edition	International ed. in English
Subjects	alkaline HER Catalysis Electrocatalysis Electrocatalysts Electrochemical analysis Electrochemistry Energy conversion Energy sources Hydrogen hydrogen adsorption/absorption Hydrogen evolution reactions Hydrogen production Hydrogen-based energy hydrogen-evolution reaction mechanistic studies Molecular chains Molecular modelling Single crystals Surface properties Water splitting hydrogen adsorption/absorption mechanistic studies hydrogen-evolution reaction electrocatalysis alkaline HER
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Abstract	The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of hydrogen‐based energy sources. However, the considerably slow rate of the HER in alkaline conditions has hindered advances in water splitting techniques for high‐purity hydrogen production. Differing from well documented acidic HER, the mechanistic aspects of alkaline HER are yet to be settled. A critical appraisal of alkaline HER electrocatalysis is presented, with a special emphasis on the connection between fundamental surface electrochemistry on single‐crystal models and the derived molecular design principle for real‐world electrocatalysts. By presenting some typical examples across theoretical calculations, surface characterization, and electrochemical experiments, we try to address some key ongoing debates to deliver a better understanding of alkaline HER at the atomic level. Focusing on the long‐lasting debates surrounding the activity descriptor for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline conditions, some fundamental studies, from theoretical computations and surface electrochemistry on single crystal models, to practical electrocatalysts with large surfaces, are summarized.
AbstractList	The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of hydrogen‐based energy sources. However, the considerably slow rate of the HER in alkaline conditions has hindered advances in water splitting techniques for high‐purity hydrogen production. Differing from well documented acidic HER, the mechanistic aspects of alkaline HER are yet to be settled. A critical appraisal of alkaline HER electrocatalysis is presented, with a special emphasis on the connection between fundamental surface electrochemistry on single‐crystal models and the derived molecular design principle for real‐world electrocatalysts. By presenting some typical examples across theoretical calculations, surface characterization, and electrochemical experiments, we try to address some key ongoing debates to deliver a better understanding of alkaline HER at the atomic level. Focusing on the long‐lasting debates surrounding the activity descriptor for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline conditions, some fundamental studies, from theoretical computations and surface electrochemistry on single crystal models, to practical electrocatalysts with large surfaces, are summarized. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of hydrogen-based energy sources. However, the considerably slow rate of the HER in alkaline conditions has hindered advances in water splitting techniques for high-purity hydrogen production. Differing from well documented acidic HER, the mechanistic aspects of alkaline HER are yet to be settled. A critical appraisal of alkaline HER electrocatalysis is presented, with a special emphasis on the connection between fundamental surface electrochemistry on single-crystal models and the derived molecular design principle for real-world electrocatalysts. By presenting some typical examples across theoretical calculations, surface characterization, and electrochemical experiments, we try to address some key ongoing debates to deliver a better understanding of alkaline HER at the atomic level.The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of hydrogen-based energy sources. However, the considerably slow rate of the HER in alkaline conditions has hindered advances in water splitting techniques for high-purity hydrogen production. Differing from well documented acidic HER, the mechanistic aspects of alkaline HER are yet to be settled. A critical appraisal of alkaline HER electrocatalysis is presented, with a special emphasis on the connection between fundamental surface electrochemistry on single-crystal models and the derived molecular design principle for real-world electrocatalysts. By presenting some typical examples across theoretical calculations, surface characterization, and electrochemical experiments, we try to address some key ongoing debates to deliver a better understanding of alkaline HER at the atomic level. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of hydrogen‐based energy sources. However, the considerably slow rate of the HER in alkaline conditions has hindered advances in water splitting techniques for high‐purity hydrogen production. Differing from well documented acidic HER, the mechanistic aspects of alkaline HER are yet to be settled. A critical appraisal of alkaline HER electrocatalysis is presented, with a special emphasis on the connection between fundamental surface electrochemistry on single‐crystal models and the derived molecular design principle for real‐world electrocatalysts. By presenting some typical examples across theoretical calculations, surface characterization, and electrochemical experiments, we try to address some key ongoing debates to deliver a better understanding of alkaline HER at the atomic level.
Author	Jiao, Yan Vasileff, Anthony Zheng, Yao Qiao, Shi‐Zhang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Yao surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Yao organization: University of Adelaide – sequence: 2 givenname: Yan surname: Jiao fullname: Jiao, Yan organization: University of Adelaide – sequence: 3 givenname: Anthony surname: Vasileff fullname: Vasileff, Anthony organization: University of Adelaide – sequence: 4 givenname: Shi‐Zhang orcidid: 0000-0002-4568-8422 surname: Qiao fullname: Qiao, Shi‐Zhang email: s.qiao@adelaide.edu.au organization: Tianjin University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194903$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a fundamental process in electrocatalysis and plays an important role in energy conversion for the development of...
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SubjectTerms	alkaline HER Catalysis Electrocatalysis Electrocatalysts Electrochemical analysis Electrochemistry Energy conversion Energy sources Hydrogen hydrogen adsorption/absorption Hydrogen evolution reactions Hydrogen production Hydrogen-based energy hydrogen-evolution reaction mechanistic studies Molecular chains Molecular modelling Single crystals Surface properties Water splitting
Title	The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solution: From Theory, Single Crystal Models, to Practical Electrocatalysts
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