Modulation of astrocyte inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine expression by interferon β is associated with induction and inhibition of interferon γ‐activated sequence binding activity
Although interferon (IFN)‐β is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine production is limited. In primary cultures of human astrocytes, we determined the effects of IFN‐β on astrocyte cytokine [tumor necrosis factor‐alpha...
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Published in | Journal of neurochemistry Vol. 83; no. 5; pp. 1120 - 1128 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Science Ltd
01.12.2002
Blackwell |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Although interferon (IFN)‐β is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine production is limited. In primary cultures of human astrocytes, we determined the effects of IFN‐β on astrocyte cytokine [tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by ribonuclease protection assay and ELISA. We found that IFN‐β inhibited astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induced by IL‐1 plus IFN‐γ, but in the absence of IFN‐γ, IFN‐β enhanced IL‐1‐induced cytokine/iNOS expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) demonstrated that IFN‐γ induced sustained IFN‐γ‐activated sequence (GAS) binding, while IFN‐β induced transient GAS binding. When used together, IFN‐β inhibited IFN‐γ‐induced GAS binding activity. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation was not altered by either IFNs, whereas IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) was only activated by IFN‐β and not IFN‐γ. These results suggest that IFN‐β can both mimic and antagonize the effect of IFN‐γ by modulating induction of nuclear GAS binding activity. Our results demonstrating differential regulation of astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induction by IFN‐β are novel and have implications for inflammatory diseases of the human CNS. |
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AbstractList | Although interferon (IFN)- beta is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine production is limited. In primary cultures of human astrocytes, we determined the effects of IFN- beta on astrocyte cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha ) and interleukin (IL)-6] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by ribonuclease protection assay and ELISA. We found that IFN- beta inhibited astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induced by IL-1 plus IFN- gamma , but in the absence of IFN- gamma , IFN- beta enhanced IL-1-induced cytokine/iNOS expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) demonstrated that IFN- gamma induced sustained IFN- gamma -activated sequence (GAS) binding, while IFN- beta induced transient GAS binding. When used together, IFN- beta inhibited IFN- gamma -induced GAS binding activity. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- Kappa B) activation was not altered by either IFNs, whereas IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) was only activated by IFN- beta and not IFN- gamma . These results suggest that IFN- beta can both mimic and antagonize the effect of IFN- gamma by modulating induction of nuclear GAS binding activity. Our results demonstrating differential regulation of astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induction by IFN- beta are novel and have implications for inflammatory diseases of the human CNS. Although interferon (IFN)-beta is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine production is limited. In primary cultures of human astrocytes, we determined the effects of IFN-beta on astrocyte cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by ribonuclease protection assay and ELISA. We found that IFN-beta inhibited astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induced by IL-1 plus IFN-gamma, but in the absence of IFN-gamma, IFN-beta enhanced IL-1-induced cytokine/iNOS expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) demonstrated that IFN-gamma induced sustained IFN-gamma-activated sequence (GAS) binding, while IFN-beta induced transient GAS binding. When used together, IFN-beta inhibited IFN-gamma-induced GAS binding activity. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation was not altered by either IFNs, whereas IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) was only activated by IFN-beta and not IFN-gamma. These results suggest that IFN-beta can both mimic and antagonize the effect of IFN-gamma by modulating induction of nuclear GAS binding activity. Our results demonstrating differential regulation of astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induction by IFN-beta are novel and have implications for inflammatory diseases of the human CNS. Although interferon (IFN)‐β is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine production is limited. In primary cultures of human astrocytes, we determined the effects of IFN‐β on astrocyte cytokine [tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by ribonuclease protection assay and ELISA. We found that IFN‐β inhibited astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induced by IL‐1 plus IFN‐γ, but in the absence of IFN‐γ, IFN‐β enhanced IL‐1‐induced cytokine/iNOS expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) demonstrated that IFN‐γ induced sustained IFN‐γ‐activated sequence (GAS) binding, while IFN‐β induced transient GAS binding. When used together, IFN‐β inhibited IFN‐γ‐induced GAS binding activity. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation was not altered by either IFNs, whereas IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) was only activated by IFN‐β and not IFN‐γ. These results suggest that IFN‐β can both mimic and antagonize the effect of IFN‐γ by modulating induction of nuclear GAS binding activity. Our results demonstrating differential regulation of astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induction by IFN‐β are novel and have implications for inflammatory diseases of the human CNS. Abstract Although interferon (IFN)‐β is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine production is limited. In primary cultures of human astrocytes, we determined the effects of IFN‐β on astrocyte cytokine [tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by ribonuclease protection assay and ELISA. We found that IFN‐β inhibited astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induced by IL‐1 plus IFN‐γ, but in the absence of IFN‐γ, IFN‐β enhanced IL‐1‐induced cytokine/iNOS expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) demonstrated that IFN‐γ induced sustained IFN‐γ‐activated sequence (GAS) binding, while IFN‐β induced transient GAS binding. When used together, IFN‐β inhibited IFN‐γ‐induced GAS binding activity. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation was not altered by either IFNs, whereas IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) was only activated by IFN‐β and not IFN‐γ. These results suggest that IFN‐β can both mimic and antagonize the effect of IFN‐γ by modulating induction of nuclear GAS binding activity. Our results demonstrating differential regulation of astrocyte cytokine/iNOS induction by IFN‐β are novel and have implications for inflammatory diseases of the human CNS. |
Author | Hua, Liwei L. Brosnan, Celia F. Lee, Sunhee C. Kim, Mee‐Ohk |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liwei L. surname: Hua fullname: Hua, Liwei L. – sequence: 2 givenname: Mee‐Ohk surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Mee‐Ohk – sequence: 3 givenname: Celia F. surname: Brosnan fullname: Brosnan, Celia F. – sequence: 4 givenname: Sunhee C. surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Sunhee C. |
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Keywords | Human Cerebral cortex Enzyme Neuroglia Cytokine Central nervous system Inflammation Astrocyte Gene expression In vitro signal transducer and activator of transcription Nitric-oxide synthase Interleukin 6 interferons Nitric oxide tumor necrosis factor-α Beta interferon Oxidoreductases astrocytes Tumor necrosis factor α Brain (vertebrata) Gamma interferon |
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Snippet | Although interferon (IFN)‐β is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine... Although interferon (IFN)-beta is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine... Abstract Although interferon (IFN)‐β is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine... Although interferon (IFN)- beta is firmly established as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis, information regarding its role in astrocyte cytokine... |
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SubjectTerms | astrocytes Astrocytes - cytology Astrocytes - drug effects Astrocytes - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Cells, Cultured Cytokines - metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Down-Regulation - drug effects Down-Regulation - physiology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression - drug effects human Humans Interferon-beta - pharmacology Interferon-gamma - metabolism Interferon-gamma - pharmacology interferons Interleukin-1 - pharmacology Interleukin-6 - genetics Interleukin-6 - metabolism Isolated neuron and nerve. Neuroglia nitric oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Nuclease Protection Assays Response Elements - drug effects Response Elements - physiology RNA, Messenger - metabolism signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT1 Transcription Factor STAT2 Transcription Factor Trans-Activators - genetics Trans-Activators - metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism tumor necrosis factor‐α Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
Title | Modulation of astrocyte inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine expression by interferon β is associated with induction and inhibition of interferon γ‐activated sequence binding activity |
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