Purely Organic Crystals Exhibit Bright Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non‐doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine‐based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co‐facial packing and strong π–π in...

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Published inAngewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 58; no. 38; pp. 13522 - 13531
Main Authors Cai, Xinyi, Qiao, Zhenyang, Li, Mengke, Wu, Xiao, He, Yanmei, Jiang, Xiaofang, Cao, Yong, Su, Shi‐Jian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published WEINHEIM Wiley 16.09.2019
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
EditionInternational ed. in English
Subjects
Aromatic compounds
Chemical compounds
Chemistry
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Crystals
Doped films
Emissions
Emitters
Energy transfer
Excitons
Fluorescence
intermolecular π–π stacking
luminescence
Optoelectronics
Organic chemistry
Organic crystals
Phosphorescence
Photoluminescence
Physical Sciences
Quantum chemistry
Quantum efficiency
Science & Technology
Sulfur
thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Triazine
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE EFFICIENCY
EXCITED SINGLET
energy transfer
ANISOTROPIC OPTICAL-PROPERTIES
INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER
LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES
MOLECULAR DESIGN
thermally activated delayed fluorescence
luminescence
ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE
intermolecular pi-pi stacking
SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATION
TRIPLET ENERGY-LEVEL
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY
organic crystals
intermolecular π-π stacking
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Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non‐doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine‐based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co‐facial packing and strong π–π intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non‐doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4‐diphenyl‐6‐(thianthren‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (oTE‐DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor–acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n–π* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet–triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non‐doped film, the corresponding organic light‐emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra‐ and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room‐temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long‐lived excitons while suppressing non‐radiation, and it could serve as a “spring‐board” for cascade up‐conversion processes. The oTE‐DRZ crystal showed greenish‐blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date. A purely organic crystal exhibiting a bright thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF; photoluminescent quantum yield up to 87 %) and a strong intermolecular π–π stacking is presented. Built‐in spatially conjugated intra‐ and intermolecular transitions give rise to dual TADF emissions assisted by a hidden room temperature phosphorescent state.
AbstractList Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non‐doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine‐based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co‐facial packing and strong π–π intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non‐doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4‐diphenyl‐6‐(thianthren‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (oTE‐DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor–acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n–π* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet–triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non‐doped film, the corresponding organic light‐emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra‐ and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room‐temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long‐lived excitons while suppressing non‐radiation, and it could serve as a “spring‐board” for cascade up‐conversion processes. The oTE‐DRZ crystal showed greenish‐blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non‐doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine‐based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co‐facial packing and strong π–π intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non‐doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4‐diphenyl‐6‐(thianthren‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (oTE‐DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor–acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n–π* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet–triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non‐doped film, the corresponding organic light‐emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra‐ and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room‐temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long‐lived excitons while suppressing non‐radiation, and it could serve as a “spring‐board” for cascade up‐conversion processes. The oTE‐DRZ crystal showed greenish‐blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date. A purely organic crystal exhibiting a bright thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF; photoluminescent quantum yield up to 87 %) and a strong intermolecular π–π stacking is presented. Built‐in spatially conjugated intra‐ and intermolecular transitions give rise to dual TADF emissions assisted by a hidden room temperature phosphorescent state.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non-doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine-based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co-facial packing and strong pi-pi intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non-doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4-diphenyl-6-(thianthren-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (oTE-DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor-acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n-pi* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet-triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non-doped film, the corresponding organic light-emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high-performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra- and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room-temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long-lived excitons while suppressing non-radiation, and it could serve as a "spring-board" for cascade up-conversion processes. The oTE-DRZ crystal showed greenish-blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non-doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine-based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co-facial packing and strong π-π intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non-doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4-diphenyl-6-(thianthren-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (oTE-DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor-acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n-π* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet-triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non-doped film, the corresponding organic light-emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high-performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra- and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room-temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long-lived excitons while suppressing non-radiation, and it could serve as a "spring-board" for cascade up-conversion processes. The oTE-DRZ crystal showed greenish-blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date.Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non-doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine-based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co-facial packing and strong π-π intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non-doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4-diphenyl-6-(thianthren-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (oTE-DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor-acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n-π* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet-triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non-doped film, the corresponding organic light-emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high-performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra- and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room-temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long-lived excitons while suppressing non-radiation, and it could serve as a "spring-board" for cascade up-conversion processes. The oTE-DRZ crystal showed greenish-blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date.
Author Qiao, Zhenyang
Wu, Xiao
He, Yanmei
Cao, Yong
Cai, Xinyi
Su, Shi‐Jian
Jiang, Xiaofang
Li, Mengke
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  organization: South China University of Technology
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  fullname: Qiao, Zhenyang
  organization: South China University of Technology
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  organization: South China University of Technology
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  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Xiao
  organization: South China University of Technology
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  surname: He
  fullname: He, Yanmei
  organization: South China University of Technology
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  givenname: Xiaofang
  surname: Jiang
  fullname: Jiang, Xiaofang
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  surname: Su
  fullname: Su, Shi‐Jian
  email: mssjsu@scut.edu.cn
  organization: South China University of Technology
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31267665$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 1433-7851
1521-3773
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 04:32:46 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 12:04:46 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:31:37 EST 2025
Wed Jul 09 18:22:58 EDT 2025
Fri Aug 29 16:17:34 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:56:43 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:26:52 EDT 2025
Wed Jan 22 16:38:21 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 38
Keywords ELECTROLUMINESCENCE EFFICIENCY
EXCITED SINGLET
energy transfer
ANISOTROPIC OPTICAL-PROPERTIES
INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER
LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES
MOLECULAR DESIGN
thermally activated delayed fluorescence
luminescence
ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE
intermolecular pi-pi stacking
SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATION
TRIPLET ENERGY-LEVEL
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY
organic crystals
intermolecular π-π stacking
Language English
License 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Notes These authors contributed equally to this work.
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
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0000-0002-8698-1932
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Snippet Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non‐doped TADF emitters are generally...
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non-doped TADF emitters are generally...
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SubjectTerms Aromatic compounds
Chemical compounds
Chemistry
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Crystals
Doped films
Emissions
Emitters
Energy transfer
Excitons
Fluorescence
intermolecular π–π stacking
luminescence
Optoelectronics
Organic chemistry
Organic crystals
Phosphorescence
Photoluminescence
Physical Sciences
Quantum chemistry
Quantum efficiency
Science & Technology
Sulfur
thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Triazine
Title Purely Organic Crystals Exhibit Bright Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fanie.201906371
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31267665
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2292235148
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2251689069
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