A bibliometric mapping of shadow education research: achievements, limitations, and the future

This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from 488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed as shadow education because much of its content mimics what is learned in schools. The study uses bibliometric procedures to describe and visu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inAsia Pacific education review Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 341 - 359
Main Authors Hajar, Anas, Karakus, Mehmet
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.06.2022
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
교육연구소
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1598-1037
1876-407X
DOI10.1007/s12564-022-09759-4

Cover

Loading…
Abstract This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from 488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed as shadow education because much of its content mimics what is learned in schools. The study uses bibliometric procedures to describe and visually represent available literature on shadow education in terms of main sources, key authors, institutions, and countries leading the production and dissemination of research on shadow education. Further, the study elaborates on h-classics publications to obtain an in-depth understanding of the most influential scientific outputs in this domain. Key findings of the study are that research on shadow education (a) has experienced steady growth over the last decade; (b) is disseminated through a wide range of outlets, mainly in the disciplines of sociology of education, economics of education, educational psychology, and language education; (c) is published mainly by scholars working in East Asia and the United States; (d) has focused on tangible (quantifiable) benefits related to improved examination results; and (e) reveals how this form of instruction primarily benefits students hailing from high socioeconomic backgrounds, thereby contributing to greater educational inequality. This study also suggests pedagogical implications and areas for ongoing research.
AbstractList This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from 488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed as shadow education because much of its content mimics what is learned in schools. The study uses bibliometric procedures to describe and visually represent available literature on shadow education in terms of main sources, key authors, institutions, and countries leading the production and dissemination of research on shadow education. Further, the study elaborates on h-classics publications to obtain an in-depth understanding of the most influential scientific outputs in this domain. Key findings of the study are that research on shadow education (a) has experienced steady growth over the last decade; (b) is disseminated through a wide range of outlets, mainly in the disciplines of sociology of education, economics of education, educational psychology, and language education; (c) is published mainly by scholars working in East Asia and the United States; (d) has focused on tangible (quantifiable) benefits related to improved examination results; and (e) reveals how this form of instruction primarily benefits students hailing from high socioeconomic backgrounds, thereby contributing to greater educational inequality. This study also suggests pedagogical implications and areas for ongoing research. KCI Citation Count: 0
This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from 488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed as shadow education because much of its content mimics what is learned in schools. The study uses bibliometric procedures to describe and visually represent available literature on shadow education in terms of main sources, key authors, institutions, and countries leading the production and dissemination of research on shadow education. Further, the study elaborates on h-classics publications to obtain an in-depth understanding of the most influential scientific outputs in this domain. Key findings of the study are that research on shadow education (a) has experienced steady growth over the last decade; (b) is disseminated through a wide range of outlets, mainly in the disciplines of sociology of education, economics of education, educational psychology, and language education; (c) is published mainly by scholars working in East Asia and the United States; (d) has focused on tangible (quantifiable) benefits related to improved examination results; and (e) reveals how this form of instruction primarily benefits students hailing from high socioeconomic backgrounds, thereby contributing to greater educational inequality. This study also suggests pedagogical implications and areas for ongoing research.
Author Hajar, Anas
Karakus, Mehmet
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Anas
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7513-9689
  surname: Hajar
  fullname: Hajar, Anas
  email: anas.hajar@nu.edu.kz
  organization: Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mehmet
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3628-9809
  surname: Karakus
  fullname: Karakus, Mehmet
  organization: Research Centre for Global Learning, Coventry University
BackLink http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1338522$$DView record in ERIC
https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002856233$$DAccess content in National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
BookMark eNp9UV1rFDEUHaSCbfUPCELAN3E0yWTy4YOwlFYrBUEq-GTIZG520u4kazJT8d83u7Mq-tCnm3DPOfeec0-qoxADVNVzgt8QjMXbTGjLWY0prbESrarZo-qYSMFrhsW3o_JulawJbsST6iTnG4x5o4g6rr6vUOe7jY8jTMlbNJrt1oc1ig7lwfTxJ4J-tmbyMaAEGUyywztk7ODhDkYIU36NNn700x5SPib0aBoAuXmaEzytHjuzyfDsUE-rrxfn12cf66vPHy7PVle1ZaKdarCuI4wzgJY4JXjX9diQ3rrWcWoxcVL1SorOtB2npgcqmWkIgGWN4b20zWn1atENyelb63U0fl_XUd8mvfpyfalLUJRgyQr4_QLezt0IvS0uktnobfKjSb_21H87wQ9F6E5LpVhLeRF4eRBI8ccMedI3cU6hGNSUi5YKRhktqBcLCkqwf9TPP5GmkS3d9eXStynmnMBpe4ixDPWbsu9uZaGX2-pyW72_rd45oP9Rf8s_SGoWUi7gsIb0d-sHWPcixbot
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_jfb15090274
crossref_primary_10_1080_01425692_2024_2397640
crossref_primary_10_1080_00220388_2023_2273798
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_929045
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11159_023_10027_9
crossref_primary_10_1080_02103702_2023_2245227
crossref_primary_10_1080_01425692_2025_2474035
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15021437
crossref_primary_10_1080_19376812_2023_2256696
crossref_primary_10_1007_s35834_024_00433_w
crossref_primary_10_1080_13596748_2023_2285631
crossref_primary_10_1177_17411432241242629
crossref_primary_10_1080_01434632_2023_2230962
crossref_primary_10_3224_ijree_v10i2_02
crossref_primary_10_1080_21683565_2024_2448197
crossref_primary_10_1080_09571736_2024_2361145
crossref_primary_10_1080_02103702_2023_2194792
crossref_primary_10_1080_03055698_2024_2405815
crossref_primary_10_1177_00131245241280965
crossref_primary_10_1080_09571736_2023_2213244
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1013243
crossref_primary_10_1080_14767724_2022_2143330
crossref_primary_10_1111_ejed_12646
crossref_primary_10_1080_03057925_2024_2333520
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40536_024_00228_5
crossref_primary_10_1080_00131857_2025_2468425
crossref_primary_10_1080_02634937_2023_2234420
crossref_primary_10_1080_03050068_2025_2457787
crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2024_1423924
crossref_primary_10_1177_20965311231167194
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijer_2024_102482
crossref_primary_10_1080_14767724_2024_2335658
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijedudev_2024_103075
Cites_doi 10.1177/0312896219877678
10.1111/ejed.12415
10.1016/j.eap.2021.04.001
10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00032-3
10.1007/s12564-009-9064-6
10.1086/706776
10.1177/0020715220987861
10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100625
10.4992/jjpsy.64.135
10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00168.x
10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074341
10.1080/00131911.2017.1415297
10.1177/2158244020988865
10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0
10.1080/01425690600556362
10.1007/978-3-030-03982-0
10.1177/0038040712447180
10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.01.014
10.1080/03055690701785285
10.1002/berj.3587
10.1177/0038040709356567
10.1093/wbro/lkn004
10.1177/2096531119890142
10.1007/BF03173536
10.1086/659142
10.1080/10615809208249521
10.1086/229942
10.1007/s12564-009-9065-5
10.1177/0038040711411278
10.1007/s12564-013-9276-7
10.1007/s12564-009-9057-5
10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.01.003
10.1177/2096531119840868
10.1080/0305764X.2021.2004088
10.1007/s11192-014-1460-y
10.3102/01623737023001001
10.1080/13540602.2021.2019700
10.1007/s12564-010-9070-8
10.1080/10615809208249526
10.1007/s12564-009-9056-6
10.1556/063.2021.00001
10.1177/0038040710392719
10.1080/01596306.2015.1061976
10.4324/9780203522028
10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00232.x
10.1007/BF00367916
10.1007/978-3-319-30042-9
10.1086/677907
10.1093/reseval/rvy001
10.1080/10615809208249524
10.1111/ejed.12411
10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.002
10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3
10.1016/j.cie.2017.08.033
10.1080/10615809208249525
10.1080/09500690701191425
10.1086/648186
10.1007/978-3-319-95915-3
10.1002/meet.14504901027
10.4324/9781003317593
10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.303
10.1086/692709
10.1080/03057925.2021.1915749
10.1108/S1479-3679(2013)0000022006
10.1080/03057920903361926
10.1177/016146810710900507
10.1353/sof.2010.0105
10.1016/j.econedurev.2012.09.008
10.1111/ejed.12410
10.1111/ejed.12413
10.1007/s12564-009-9067-3
10.14712/23363177.2020.17
10.1080/0022027940260307
10.1080/03054980801981426
10.1007/s12564-009-9058-4
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Education Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Education Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: Education Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
– notice: Education Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 2022
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
REK
WWN
0-V
3V.
7XB
88B
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AHOVV
ALSLI
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
CJNVE
DWQXO
GNUQQ
M0P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
PQEDU
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
Q9U
5PM
ACYCR
DOI 10.1007/s12564-022-09759-4
DatabaseName CrossRef
ERIC
ERIC (Ovid)
ERIC
ERIC
ERIC (Legacy Platform)
ERIC( SilverPlatter )
ERIC
ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)
Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
ERIC
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Education Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Education Research Index
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One
Education Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Student
Education Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Education
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Basic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Korean Citation Index
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
ERIC
ProQuest One Education
Social Science Premium Collection
Education Collection
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Education Journals
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Education Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList
ProQuest One Education

ERIC

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: ERI
  name: ERIC
  url: https://eric.ed.gov/
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
EISSN 1876-407X
ERIC EJ1338522
EndPage 359
ExternalDocumentID oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10021084
PMC8994526
EJ1338522
10_1007_s12564_022_09759_4
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Nazarbayev University
  grantid: 347/07122020 (Faculty Grant)
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012632
– fundername: ;
  grantid: 347/07122020 (Faculty Grant)
GroupedDBID -5C
-5G
-BR
-EM
-~C
0-V
06D
0R~
0VY
1N0
203
23N
2KG
2LR
2VQ
3-Y
30V
3V.
4.4
406
408
40D
5GY
5VS
67Z
8TC
8UJ
96X
AAAVM
AACDK
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJBT
AAJKR
AANZL
AARHV
AARTL
AASML
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAWCG
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAYTO
AAYZH
AAZMS
ABAKF
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFTV
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABKCH
ABMQK
ABOPQ
ABQBU
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTHY
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABUWG
ABXPI
ACAOD
ACDTI
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACHSB
ACHXU
ACKNC
ACMDZ
ACMLO
ACOKC
ACPIV
ACZOJ
ADHHG
ADHIR
ADINQ
ADKNI
ADKPE
ADRFC
ADTPH
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADZKW
AEBTG
AEFQL
AEGNC
AEJHL
AEJRE
AEMSY
AEOHA
AEPYU
AESKC
AETCA
AEVLU
AEXYK
AFBBN
AFGCZ
AFKRA
AFLOW
AFQWF
AFWTZ
AFZKB
AGAYW
AGDGC
AGJBK
AGMZJ
AGQEE
AGQMX
AGRTI
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHAVH
AHBYD
AHKAY
AHSBF
AHYZX
AIAKS
AIGIU
AIIXL
AILAN
AITGF
AJBLW
AJRNO
AJZVZ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
AMKLP
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
ANMIH
AOCGG
ARALO
AXYYD
AYQZM
AZQEC
BENPR
BGNMA
BPHCQ
CAG
CCPQU
CJNVE
COF
CSCUP
DDRTE
DNIVK
DPUIP
DWQXO
EBLON
EBS
EIOEI
EJD
ESBYG
FERAY
FFXSO
FIGPU
FINBP
FNLPD
FRRFC
FSGXE
FYJPI
GGCAI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GNUQQ
GQ6
GQ7
H13
HF~
HG6
HMJXF
HRMNR
HZ~
IKXTQ
IWAJR
IXC
IXD
I~X
J-C
J0Z
JBSCW
JZLTJ
KOV
LLZTM
M0P
M4Y
MA-
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O9-
O9J
P2P
P9Q
PQEDU
PQQKQ
PROAC
PT4
R9I
ROL
RSV
S1Z
S27
S3B
SDH
SHS
SHX
SISQX
SJYHP
SNE
SNPRN
SNX
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
STPWE
T13
TR2
TSG
U2A
UG4
UOJIU
UTJUX
UZXMN
VC2
VFIZW
W48
WK8
Z45
ZMTXR
~A9
AAPKM
AAYXX
ABBRH
ABDBE
ABFSG
ACSTC
AEZWR
AFDZB
AFHIU
AFOHR
AHPBZ
AHWEU
AIXLP
ATHPR
AYFIA
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
7SW
ABRTQ
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
PUEGO
REK
WWN
7XB
8FK
AHOVV
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
Q9U
5PM
AAFGU
AAPBV
AAYFA
ABFGW
ABKAS
ACBMV
ACBRV
ACBYP
ACIGE
ACIPQ
ACTTH
ACVWB
ACWMK
ACYCR
ADMDM
ADOXG
AEFTE
AESTI
AEVTX
AFNRJ
AGGBP
AIMYW
AJDOV
AKQUC
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-ecfb1464ee51f976bbd0a1dcf5f62c01f89d987ba5b62ade284a31eec43a6d8c3
IEDL.DBID U2A
ISSN 1598-1037
IngestDate Tue Nov 21 21:29:56 EST 2023
Thu Aug 21 13:54:23 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 14:51:22 EDT 2025
Tue Sep 02 19:11:19 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:14:23 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:54:25 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:43:17 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Keywords Literature review
Science mapping
Bibliometric analysis
Shadow education
VOSviewer
Language English
License This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c475t-ecfb1464ee51f976bbd0a1dcf5f62c01f89d987ba5b62ade284a31eec43a6d8c3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-3628-9809
0000-0001-7513-9689
OpenAccessLink https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8994526
PQID 2675274242
PQPubID 2034556
PageCount 19
ParticipantIDs nrf_kci_oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10021084
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8994526
proquest_journals_2675274242
eric_primary_EJ1338522
crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s12564_022_09759_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12564_022_09759_4
springer_journals_10_1007_s12564_022_09759_4
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Dordrecht
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Dordrecht
PublicationTitle Asia Pacific education review
PublicationTitleAbbrev Asia Pacific Educ. Rev
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Springer Netherlands
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
교육연구소
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Netherlands
– name: Springer
– name: Springer Nature B.V
– name: 교육연구소
References BrayMKobakhidzeMNSuterLEThe challenges of measuring outside-school-time educational activities: Experiences and lessons from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)Comparative Education Review20206418710610.1086/706776
AuriniJDaviesSThe transformation of private tutoring: Education in a franchise formCanadian Journal of Sociology2004293419438
BrayMKwoOJokićBBrayMKwoPJokićBIntroductionResearching private supplementary tutoring: Methodological lessons from diverse cultures2016Comparative Education Research Centre32310.1007/978-3-319-30042-9
ParkHRe-evaluating education in Japan and Korea: De-mystifying stereotypes2013Routledge10.4324/9780203522028
MongeonPPaul-HusAThe journal coverage of web of science and scopus: A comparative analysisScientometrics2016106121322810.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
HajarAThe association between private tutoring and access to grammar schools: Voices of year 6 pupils and teachers in south-east EnglandBritish Educational Research Journal202010.1002/berj.3587
SriprakashAProctorHHuBVisible pedagogic work: Parenting, private tutoring and educational advantage in AustraliaDiscourse201637342644110.1080/01596306.2015.1061976
ŠťastnýVKobakhidzeMNThrowing light on shadow educationOrbis Scholae202014251210.14712/23363177.2020.17
Arabian Business. (2020). Private tutors breaking UAE coronavirus ban to face hefty. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.arabianbusiness.com/education/453498-private-tutors-breaking-uae-coronavirus-ban-to-facehefty-fine
KobakhidzeMNTeachers as tutors: Shadow education market dynamics in Georgia2018Springer10.1007/978-3-319-95915-3
EntrichSShadow education and social inequalities in Japan. Evolving patterns and conceptual implications2018Springer10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0
BrayMShadow education in Europe: Growing prevalence, underlying forces, and policy implicationsECNU Review of Education20214344247510.1177/2096531119890142
Dawson, W. (2010). Private tutoring and mass schooling in East Asia: Reflections of inequality in Japan, South Korea, and Cambodia. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 14–24.
FujiiYConstruction of a test influence inventory (TII)Shinrigaku Kenkyu199364213513910.4992/jjpsy.64.135
ChavarroDRàfolsITangPTo what extent is inclusion in the web of science an indicator of journal “quality”?Research Evaluation201827210611810.1093/reseval/rvy001
HarnischDLSupplemental education in Japan: Juku schooling and its implicationJournal of Curriculum Studies199426332333410.1080/0022027940260307
Dang, H. A., & Rogers, F. H. (2008). The growing phenomenon of private tutoring: Does it deepen human capital, widen inequalities, or waste resources?. The World Bank Research Observer, 23(2), 161–200.
BrayMKobakhidzeMNMeasurement issues in research on shadow education: Challenges and pitfalls encountered in TIMSS and PISAComparative Education Review201458459062010.1086/677907
StevensonDLBakerDPShadow education and allocation in formal schooling: Transition to university in JapanAmerican Journal of Sociology19929761639165710.1086/229942
ByunSYSchoferEKimKKRevisiting the role of cultural capital in East Asian educational systems: The case of South KoreaSociology of Education201285321923910.1177/0038040712447180
Biswal, B. P. (1999). Private tutoring and public corruption: A cost-effective education system for developing countries. The Developing Economies, 37(2), 222–240.
Mori, I., & Baker, D. (2010). The origin of universal shadow education: What the supplemental education phenomenon tells us about the postmodern institution of education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 36–48.
VenturaAGomesAAuriniJDaviesSDierkesJSupplementary education in Brazil: Diversity and paradoxesOut of the shadows: The global intensification of supplementary education2013Bingley12915110.1108/S1479-3679(2013)0000022006
MalikMAShadow education: Evolution, flaws and further development of the termSocial Sciences and Education Research Review201741629
Lynch, K., & Moran, M. (2006). Markets, schools and the convertibility of economic capital: the complex dynamics of class choice. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 27(02), 221–235.
Baker, D. P., Akiba, M., LeTendre, G. K., & Wiseman, A. W. (2001). Worldwide shadow education: Outside-school learning, institutional quality of schooling, and cross-national mathematics achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 23(1), 1–17.
LeydesdorffLFeltU“Books” and “book chapters” in the book citation index (BKCI) and science citation index (SCI, SoSCI, A&HCI)Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology20124911710.1002/meet.14504901027
BrayMThe challenge of shadow education: Private tutoring and its implications for policy makers in the European Union2011European Commission
Bray, M. & Hajar, A. (2022). Shadow education in the Middle East: private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications. London: Routledge.
Hernández-TorranoDIbrayevaLCreativity and education: A bibliometric mapping of the research literature (1975–2019)Thinking Skills and Creativity20203510062510.1016/j.tsc.2019.100625
BakerDPAn inevitable phenomenon: Reflections on the origins and future of worldwide shadow educationEuropean Journal of Education202055331131510.1111/ejed.12410
ZhangWBrayMPrivate supplementary tutoring: Contexts, patterns, and developments [Special issue]ECNU Review of Education201921194
ZhangWRegulating private tutoring in China: Uniform policies, diverse responsesECNU Review of Education201921254310.1177/2096531119840868
Psacharopoulos, G., & Papakonstantinou, G. (2005). The real university cost in a “free” higher education country. Economics of education review, 24(1), 103–108.
Kim, S., & Lee, J. H. (2010). Private tutoring and demand for education in South Korea. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(2), 259–296.
BrayMGeographies of shadow education: Patterns and forces in the spatial distributions of private supplementary tutoringCompare202110.1080/03057925.2021.1915749
KobakhidzeNSuterLThe global diversity of shadow educationEuropean Journal of Education202055331632110.1111/ejed.12411
LinnenlueckeMKMarroneMSinghAKConducting systematic literature reviews and bibliometric analysesAustralian Journal of Management202045217519410.1177/0312896219877678
EckNJWaltmanLVOSviewer manual2019Universitat Leiden
KimJHParkDThe determinants of demand for private tutoring in South KoreaAsia Pacific Education Review201011341142110.1007/s12564-009-9067-3
BrayMLeeCJEditorial [special issue]Asia Pacific Education Review.2010111210.1007/s12564-010-9070-8
SilovaIBūdienėVBrayMEducation in a hidden marketplace: Monitoring of private tutoring2006Open Society Institute
ZhangYDoes private tutoring improve students’ National College entrance exam performance?—A case study from Jinan, ChinaEconomics of Education Review20133212810.1016/j.econedurev.2012.09.008
BrayMKwokPDemand for private supplementary tutoring: Conceptual considerations, and socio-economic patterns in Hong KongEconomics of Education Review200322661162010.1016/S0272-7757(03)00032-3
VenturaAJangSPrivate tutoring through the internet: Globalization and offshoringAsia Pacific Education Review2010111596810.1007/s12564-009-9065-5
BuchmannCCondronDJRoscignoVJShadow education, American style: Test preparation, the SAT and college enrollmentSocial Forces201089243546110.1353/sof.2010.0105
MarimuthuTSinghJSAhmadKLimHKMukherjeeHOsmanSJamaluddinWExtra-school instruction, social equity and education quality [in Malaysia]1991International Development Research Centre
UNESCO GEM report (2021). Non-state actors in education: Who chooses? Who loses? Global education monitoring report, 2021/2: non-state actors in education: who chooses? who loses?—UNESCO Digital Library
BrayMKobakhidzeMNKwoOShadow education in Myanmar: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications2020Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, UNESCO
MandikianaBWChoice and expenditure: A double hurdle model of private tutoring in QatarEconomic Analysis and Policy20217111510.1016/j.eap.2021.04.001
EckNJWaltmanLGlänzelWCitation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewerScientometrics201711121053107010.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
BrayMShadow education in Africa: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications2021Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, UNESCO
BrayMThe shadow education system: Private tutoring and its implications for planners. Fundamentals of educational planning1999ParisUNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)61
Silova, I. (2010). Private tutoring in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Policy choices and implications. Compare, 40(3), 327–344.
SmythEBuying your way into college? Private tuition and the transition to higher education in IrelandOxford Review of Education200935112210.1080/03054980801981426
TsaiCCKuoPCCram school students’ conceptions of learning and learning science in TaiwanInternational Journal of Science Education200830335337510.1080/09500690701191425
CancinoCMerigoJMCoronadoFDessoukyYDessoukyMForty years of computers & industrial engineering: A bibliometric analysisComputers & Industrial Engineering201711361462910.1016/j.cie.2017.08.033
BrayMKwoORegulating private tutoring for public good: Policy options for supplementary education in Asia2014Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, UNESCO
CoboMJMartínezMAGutiérrez-SalcedoMHerreraMHerrera-ViedmaEIdentifying citation classics in fuzzy decision making field using the concept of H-classicsProcedia Computer Science20143156757610.1016/j.procs.2014.05.303
O'NeilHFAbediJJapanese children's trait and state worry and emotionality in a high-stakes testing environmentAnxiety, Stress, and Coping19925325326710.1080/10615809208249526
BrayMLykinsCShadow education: Private supplementary tutoring and its implications for policy makers in Asia2012Asian Development Bank, Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong
NathSRPrivate supplementary tut
A Ventura (9759_CR83) 2010; 11
C Mischo (9759_CR66) 2002; 17
9759_CR101
HL Hemachandra (9759_CR46) 1982; 5
M Bray (9759_CR21) 2012
9759_CR102
YC Kim (9759_CR52) 2016
9759_CR100
9759_CR105
9759_CR106
9759_CR103
NJ Eck (9759_CR32) 2019
9759_CR104
9759_CR109
9759_CR107
CC Tsai (9759_CR80) 2008; 30
9759_CR108
M Bray (9759_CR7) 2010; 11
W Zhang (9759_CR90) 2020; 55
9759_CR38
L Leydesdorff (9759_CR59) 2012; 49
Y Fujii (9759_CR37) 1993; 64
MK Linnenluecke (9759_CR60) 2020; 45
T Marimuthu (9759_CR64) 1991
M Bray (9759_CR19) 2003; 22
M Bray (9759_CR11) 2021
S Zhan (9759_CR87) 2013; 14
(9759_CR74) 2006
9759_CR28
JG Gordon Győri (9759_CR39) 2020; 55
A Hajar (9759_CR41) 2021; 11
Y Yamamoto (9759_CR84) 2010; 83
C Buchmann (9759_CR24) 2010; 89
M Bray (9759_CR6) 2009
J Liu (9759_CR61) 2012; 32
W Zhang (9759_CR88) 2019; 2
C Cancino (9759_CR26) 2017; 113
M Bray (9759_CR10) 2021
NJ Eck (9759_CR33) 2017; 111
M Bray (9759_CR17) 2014
A Sriprakash (9759_CR77) 2016; 37
M Bray (9759_CR5) 2003
9759_CR81
MV DeVault (9759_CR31) 1977; 58
M Bray (9759_CR23) 2014; 38
SR Entrich (9759_CR34) 2018
MO Hamid (9759_CR43) 2009; 43
M Karakus (9759_CR50) 2021
J Lee (9759_CR57) 2007; 109
P Mongeon (9759_CR67) 2016; 106
Y Zhang (9759_CR91) 2013; 32
M Bray (9759_CR15) 2020
MGA Hussein (9759_CR48) 1987; 18
JH Kim (9759_CR51) 2010; 11
KWH Yung (9759_CR85) 2017
L Ivanović (9759_CR49) 2019; 71
9759_CR1
J Aurini (9759_CR2) 2004; 29
DP Baker (9759_CR3) 2020; 55
M Bray (9759_CR4) 1999
DL Harnisch (9759_CR44) 1994; 26
M Bray (9759_CR18) 2016
A Ventura (9759_CR82) 2013
KWH Yung (9759_CR86) 2020; 41
A Hajar (9759_CR40) 2020
HF O'Neil (9759_CR69) 1992; 5
MN Kobakhidze (9759_CR54) 2018
S Lee (9759_CR58) 2011; 84
(9759_CR22) 2013
M Bray (9759_CR9) 2017; 61
D Hernández-Torrano (9759_CR47) 2020; 35
M Bray (9759_CR14) 2014; 58
HF O'Neil (9759_CR71) 1992; 5
H Park (9759_CR73) 2011; 84
SR Nath (9759_CR68) 2008; 34
M Bray (9759_CR16) 2020; 64
DE Southgate (9759_CR76) 2009
E Smyth (9759_CR75) 2009; 35
S Entrich (9759_CR35) 2018
HF O'Neil (9759_CR70) 1992; 5
A Hajar (9759_CR42) 2021
JN Hawkins (9759_CR45) 1992; 5
SY Byun (9759_CR25) 2012; 85
SR Entrich (9759_CR36) 2021; 61
M Bray (9759_CR13) 2021; 4
CJ Lee (9759_CR56) 2010; 11
V Šťastný (9759_CR78) 2020; 14
DL Stevenson (9759_CR79) 1992; 97
D Chavarro (9759_CR27) 2018; 27
MJ Cobo (9759_CR29) 2014; 31
MA Martínez (9759_CR65) 2015; 102
J Delors (9759_CR30) 1996
BW Mandikiana (9759_CR63) 2021; 71
W Zhang (9759_CR89) 2019; 2
9759_CR110
9759_CR111
N Kobakhidze (9759_CR55) 2020; 55
YC Kim (9759_CR53) 2019
MA Malik (9759_CR62) 2017; 4
H Park (9759_CR72) 2013
M Bray (9759_CR8) 2011
M Bray (9759_CR12) 2021
M Bray (9759_CR20) 2010; 11
References_xml – reference: YamamotoYBrintonMCCultural capital in East Asian educational systems: The case of JapanSociology of Education2010831678310.1177/0038040709356567
– reference: AuriniJDaviesSThe transformation of private tutoring: Education in a franchise formCanadian Journal of Sociology2004293419438
– reference: KobakhidzeNSuterLThe global diversity of shadow educationEuropean Journal of Education202055331632110.1111/ejed.12411
– reference: KarakusMUsakMErsozluAEmotions in learning, teaching, and leadership: A bibliometric review of Asian literature (1990–2018)SAGE Open202110.1177/2158244020988865
– reference: BrayMKobakhidzeMNKwoOShadow education in Myanmar: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications2020Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, UNESCO
– reference: FujiiYConstruction of a test influence inventory (TII)Shinrigaku Kenkyu199364213513910.4992/jjpsy.64.135
– reference: BrayMShadow education in Africa: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications2021Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, UNESCO
– reference: O'NeilHFBakerELMatsuuraSReliability and validity of Japanese children's trait and state worry and emotionality scalesAnxiety, Stress, and Coping19925322523910.1080/10615809208249524
– reference: ZhangYDoes private tutoring improve students’ National College entrance exam performance?—A case study from Jinan, ChinaEconomics of Education Review20133212810.1016/j.econedurev.2012.09.008
– reference: HemachandraHLThe growing phenomena of tuition classes: The perceived reasons and some latent social factorsSri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences1982523969
– reference: MartínezMAHerreraMContrerasERuizAHerrera-ViedmaECharacterizing highly cited papers in social work through H-classicsScientometrics201510221713172910.1007/s11192-014-1460-y
– reference: HajarASagintayevaAIzekenovaZChild participatory research methods: Exploring grade 6 pupils’ experiences of private tutoring in KazakhstanCambridge Journal of Education202110.1080/0305764X.2021.2004088
– reference: IvanovićLHoYSHighly cited articles in the education and educational research category in the social science citation index: A bibliometric analysisEducational Review201971327728610.1080/00131911.2017.1415297
– reference: HajarAThe association between private tutoring and access to grammar schools: Voices of year 6 pupils and teachers in south-east EnglandBritish Educational Research Journal202010.1002/berj.3587
– reference: Bray, M. & Hajar, A. (2022). Shadow education in the Middle East: private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications. London: Routledge.
– reference: EckNJWaltmanLVOSviewer manual2019Universitat Leiden
– reference: StevensonDLBakerDPShadow education and allocation in formal schooling: Transition to university in JapanAmerican Journal of Sociology19929761639165710.1086/229942
– reference: DelorsJLearning: The treasure within. Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century1996UNESCO
– reference: Park, H., Buchmann, C., Choi, J., & Merry, J. J. (2016). Learning beyond the school walls: Trends and implications. Annual Review of Sociology, 42, 231–252.
– reference: BrayMGeographies of shadow education: Patterns and forces in the spatial distributions of private supplementary tutoringCompare202110.1080/03057925.2021.1915749
– reference: LeydesdorffLFeltU“Books” and “book chapters” in the book citation index (BKCI) and science citation index (SCI, SoSCI, A&HCI)Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology20124911710.1002/meet.14504901027
– reference: ParkHRe-evaluating education in Japan and Korea: De-mystifying stereotypes2013Routledge10.4324/9780203522028
– reference: ZhangWBrayMPrivate supplementary tutoring: Contexts, patterns, and developments [Special issue]ECNU Review of Education201921194
– reference: MarimuthuTSinghJSAhmadKLimHKMukherjeeHOsmanSJamaluddinWExtra-school instruction, social equity and education quality [in Malaysia]1991International Development Research Centre
– reference: BrayMConfronting the shadow education system: What government policies for what private tutoring?2009UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)132
– reference: BrayMSchooling and its supplements: Changing global patterns and implications for comparative educationComparative Education Review201761346949110.1086/692709
– reference: O'NeilHFAbediJJapanese children's trait and state worry and emotionality in a high-stakes testing environmentAnxiety, Stress, and Coping19925325326710.1080/10615809208249526
– reference: MalikMAShadow education: Evolution, flaws and further development of the termSocial Sciences and Education Research Review201741629
– reference: MongeonPPaul-HusAThe journal coverage of web of science and scopus: A comparative analysisScientometrics2016106121322810.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
– reference: KimJHParkDThe determinants of demand for private tutoring in South KoreaAsia Pacific Education Review201011341142110.1007/s12564-009-9067-3
– reference: ZhanSBrayMWangDLykinsCKwoOThe effectiveness of private tutoring: Students’ perceptions in comparison with mainstream schooling in Hong KongAsia Pacific Education Review201314449550910.1007/s12564-013-9276-7
– reference: EntrichSRWorldwide shadow education and social inequality: Explaining differences in the socioeconomic gap in access to shadow education across 63 societiesInternational Journal of Comparative Sociology20216144110.1177/0020715220987861
– reference: Hernández-TorranoDIbrayevaLCreativity and education: A bibliometric mapping of the research literature (1975–2019)Thinking Skills and Creativity20203510062510.1016/j.tsc.2019.100625
– reference: KobakhidzeMNTeachers as tutors: Shadow education market dynamics in Georgia2018Springer10.1007/978-3-319-95915-3
– reference: SouthgateDEDeterminants of shadow education: A cross-national analysis2009Ohio State University
– reference: SmythEBuying your way into college? Private tuition and the transition to higher education in IrelandOxford Review of Education200935112210.1080/03054980801981426
– reference: HusseinMGAPrivate tutoring: A hidden educational problemEducational Studies in Mathematics1987181919610.1007/BF00367916
– reference: CoboMJMartínezMAGutiérrez-SalcedoMHerreraMHerrera-ViedmaEIdentifying citation classics in fuzzy decision making field using the concept of H-classicsProcedia Computer Science20143156757610.1016/j.procs.2014.05.303
– reference: UNESCO GEM report (2021). Non-state actors in education: Who chooses? Who loses? Global education monitoring report, 2021/2: non-state actors in education: who chooses? who loses?—UNESCO Digital Library
– reference: Dawson, W. (2010). Private tutoring and mass schooling in East Asia: Reflections of inequality in Japan, South Korea, and Cambodia. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 14–24.
– reference: Kuan, P. Y. (2011). Effects of cram schooling on mathematics performance: Evidence from junior high students in Taiwan. Comparative education review, 55(3), 342–368.
– reference: BrayMKwokPDemand for private supplementary tutoring: Conceptual considerations, and socio-economic patterns in Hong KongEconomics of Education Review200322661162010.1016/S0272-7757(03)00032-3
– reference: Biswal, B. P. (1999). Private tutoring and public corruption: A cost-effective education system for developing countries. The Developing Economies, 37(2), 222–240.
– reference: YungKWHBrayMTseTKCLeeMShadow education: Features, expansion and implicationsMaking sense of education in post-handover Hong Kong: Achievements and challenges2017Routledge95111
– reference: LeeSShouseRCThe impact of prestige orientation on shadow education in South KoreaSociology of Education201184321222410.1177/0038040711411278
– reference: HarnischDLSupplemental education in Japan: Juku schooling and its implicationJournal of Curriculum Studies199426332333410.1080/0022027940260307
– reference: ParkHByunSYKimKKParental involvement and students’ cognitive outcomes in Korea: Focusing on private tutoringSociology of Education201184132210.1177/0038040710392719
– reference: BrayMThe challenge of shadow education: Private tutoring and its implications for policy makers in the European Union2011European Commission
– reference: BrayMZhanSLykinsCWangDKwoODifferentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary educationEconomics of Education Review201438243710.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.002
– reference: Mori, I., & Baker, D. (2010). The origin of universal shadow education: What the supplemental education phenomenon tells us about the postmodern institution of education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 36–48.
– reference: Arabian Business. (2020). Private tutors breaking UAE coronavirus ban to face hefty. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.arabianbusiness.com/education/453498-private-tutors-breaking-uae-coronavirus-ban-to-facehefty-fine
– reference: KimYCShadow education and the curriculum and culture of schooling in South Korea2016Palgrave Macmillan10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3
– reference: BrayMAdverse effects of supplementary private tutoring: Dimensions, implications, and government responses. Series: “Ethics and Corruption in Education”2003UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning
– reference: TsaiCCKuoPCCram school students’ conceptions of learning and learning science in TaiwanInternational Journal of Science Education200830335337510.1080/09500690701191425
– reference: NathSRPrivate supplementary tutoring among primary students in BangladeshEducational Studies2008341557210.1080/03055690701785285
– reference: Dang, H. A., & Rogers, F. H. (2008). The growing phenomenon of private tutoring: Does it deepen human capital, widen inequalities, or waste resources?. The World Bank Research Observer, 23(2), 161–200.
– reference: SilovaIBūdienėVBrayMEducation in a hidden marketplace: Monitoring of private tutoring2006Open Society Institute
– reference: DeVaultMVKatoKGakushu-juku: Japan's second system of educationPhi Delta Kappan19775810735736
– reference: EntrichSShadow education and social inequalities in Japan. Evolving patterns and conceptual implications2018Springer10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0
– reference: BrayMThe shadow education system: Private tutoring and its implications for planners. Fundamentals of educational planning1999ParisUNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)61
– reference: BrayMLykinsCShadow education: Private supplementary tutoring and its implications for policy makers in Asia2012Asian Development Bank, Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong
– reference: LinnenlueckeMKMarroneMSinghAKConducting systematic literature reviews and bibliometric analysesAustralian Journal of Management202045217519410.1177/0312896219877678
– reference: VenturaAGomesAAuriniJDaviesSDierkesJSupplementary education in Brazil: Diversity and paradoxesOut of the shadows: The global intensification of supplementary education2013Bingley12915110.1108/S1479-3679(2013)0000022006
– reference: Kim, S., & Lee, J. H. (2010). Private tutoring and demand for education in South Korea. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(2), 259–296.
– reference: MischoCHaagLExpansion and effectiveness of private tutoringEuropean Journal of Psychology of Education200217326327310.1007/BF03173536
– reference: ZhangWBrayMComparative research on shadow education: Achievements, challenges, and the agenda aheadEuropean Journal of Education202055332234110.1111/ejed.12413
– reference: BrayMShadow education in Europe: Growing prevalence, underlying forces, and policy implicationsECNU Review of Education20214344247510.1177/2096531119890142
– reference: ByunSYSchoferEKimKKRevisiting the role of cultural capital in East Asian educational systems: The case of South KoreaSociology of Education201285321923910.1177/0038040712447180
– reference: O'NeilHFFukumuraTRelationship of worry and emotionality to test performance in a Juku environmentAnxiety, Stress, and Coping19925324125110.1080/10615809208249525
– reference: BrayMLeeCJEditorial [special issue]Asia Pacific Education Review.2010111210.1007/s12564-010-9070-8
– reference: BrayMKwoOJokićBBrayMKwoPJokićBIntroductionResearching private supplementary tutoring: Methodological lessons from diverse cultures2016Comparative Education Research Centre32310.1007/978-3-319-30042-9
– reference: BrayMKwoORegulating private tutoring for public good: Policy options for supplementary education in Asia2014Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, UNESCO
– reference: ChavarroDRàfolsITangPTo what extent is inclusion in the web of science an indicator of journal “quality”?Research Evaluation201827210611810.1093/reseval/rvy001
– reference: George, C. (1992). Time to come out of the shadows. Straits Times, April 4, p. 28
– reference: LiuJDoes cram schooling matter? Who goes to cram schools? Evidence from TaiwanInternational Journal of Educational Development2012321465210.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.01.014
– reference: MandikianaBWChoice and expenditure: A double hurdle model of private tutoring in QatarEconomic Analysis and Policy20217111510.1016/j.eap.2021.04.001
– reference: Psacharopoulos, G., & Papakonstantinou, G. (2005). The real university cost in a “free” higher education country. Economics of education review, 24(1), 103–108.
– reference: KimYCJungJShadow education as worldwide curriculum studies2019Palgrave Macmillan10.1007/978-3-030-03982-0
– reference: SriprakashAProctorHHuBVisible pedagogic work: Parenting, private tutoring and educational advantage in AustraliaDiscourse201637342644110.1080/01596306.2015.1061976
– reference: BrayMKobakhidzeMNMeasurement issues in research on shadow education: Challenges and pitfalls encountered in TIMSS and PISAComparative Education Review201458459062010.1086/677907
– reference: BrayMTeachers as tutors, and tutors as teachers: Blurring professional boundaries in changing erasTeachers and Teaching202110.1080/13540602.2021.2019700
– reference: Clarivate Analytics (2022). Web of science: summary of coverage. Retrieved January 2, 2022, from https://clarivate.libguides.com/webofscienceplatform/coverage
– reference: HajarAAbenovaSThe role of private tutoring in admission to higher education: Evidence from a highly selective university in KazakhstanHungarian Education Research Journal202111211910.1556/063.2021.00001
– reference: HamidMOSussexRKhanAPrivate tutoring in English for secondary school students in BangladeshTESOL Quarterly200943228130810.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00168.x
– reference: Gordon GyőriJGShadow education—opportunity for development [special issue]European Journal of Education202055330510.1111/ejed.12415
– reference: LeeJTwo worlds of private tutoring: The prevalence and causes of after-school mathematics tutoring in Korea and the United StatesTeachers College Record200710951207123410.1177/016146810710900507
– reference: ŠťastnýVKobakhidzeMNThrowing light on shadow educationOrbis Scholae202014251210.14712/23363177.2020.17
– reference: CancinoCMerigoJMCoronadoFDessoukyYDessoukyMForty years of computers & industrial engineering: A bibliometric analysisComputers & Industrial Engineering201711361462910.1016/j.cie.2017.08.033
– reference: LeeCJLeeHJangHMThe history of policy responses to shadow education in South Korea: Implications for the next cycle of policy responsesAsia Pacific Education Review20101119710810.1007/s12564-009-9064-6
– reference: VenturaAJangSPrivate tutoring through the internet: Globalization and offshoringAsia Pacific Education Review2010111596810.1007/s12564-009-9065-5
– reference: BakerDPAn inevitable phenomenon: Reflections on the origins and future of worldwide shadow educationEuropean Journal of Education202055331131510.1111/ejed.12410
– reference: YungKWHYuanR‘The most popular star-tutor of English’: Discursive construction of tutor identities in shadow educationDiscourse2020411153168
– reference: BrayMKobakhidzeMNSuterLEThe challenges of measuring outside-school-time educational activities: Experiences and lessons from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)Comparative Education Review20206418710610.1086/706776
– reference: BuchmannCCondronDJRoscignoVJShadow education, American style: Test preparation, the SAT and college enrollmentSocial Forces201089243546110.1353/sof.2010.0105
– reference: HawkinsJNTanakaYJapanese education: A context for test anxietyAnxiety, Stress, and Coping19925319520310.1080/10615809208249521
– reference: Lynch, K., & Moran, M. (2006). Markets, schools and the convertibility of economic capital: the complex dynamics of class choice. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 27(02), 221–235.
– reference: ZhangWRegulating private tutoring in China: Uniform policies, diverse responsesECNU Review of Education201921254310.1177/2096531119840868
– reference: Baker, D. P., Akiba, M., LeTendre, G. K., & Wiseman, A. W. (2001). Worldwide shadow education: Outside-school learning, institutional quality of schooling, and cross-national mathematics achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 23(1), 1–17.
– reference: EckNJWaltmanLGlänzelWCitation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewerScientometrics201711121053107010.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
– reference: EntrichSRShadow education and social inequalities in Japan: Evolving patterns and conceptual implications2018Springer10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0
– reference: BrayMMazawiAESultanaRGPrivate tutoring across the Mediterranean: Power dynamics and implications for learning and equity2013Sense Publishers
– reference: BrayMResearching shadow education: Methodological challenges and directionsAsia Pacific Education Review201011131310.1007/s12564-009-9056-6
– reference: Silova, I. (2010). Private tutoring in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Policy choices and implications. Compare, 40(3), 327–344.
– volume: 45
  start-page: 175
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR60
  publication-title: Australian Journal of Management
  doi: 10.1177/0312896219877678
– volume: 55
  start-page: 305
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR39
  publication-title: European Journal of Education
  doi: 10.1111/ejed.12415
– volume: 5
  start-page: 39
  issue: 2
  year: 1982
  ident: 9759_CR46
  publication-title: Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR63
  publication-title: Economic Analysis and Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.eap.2021.04.001
– volume: 22
  start-page: 611
  issue: 6
  year: 2003
  ident: 9759_CR19
  publication-title: Economics of Education Review
  doi: 10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00032-3
– volume: 11
  start-page: 97
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR56
  publication-title: Asia Pacific Education Review
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9064-6
– volume: 64
  start-page: 87
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR16
  publication-title: Comparative Education Review
  doi: 10.1086/706776
– volume: 61
  start-page: 441
  year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR36
  publication-title: International Journal of Comparative Sociology
  doi: 10.1177/0020715220987861
– start-page: 95
  volume-title: Making sense of education in post-handover Hong Kong: Achievements and challenges
  year: 2017
  ident: 9759_CR85
– volume: 35
  start-page: 100625
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR47
  publication-title: Thinking Skills and Creativity
  doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100625
– volume-title: VOSviewer manual
  year: 2019
  ident: 9759_CR32
– volume-title: Adverse effects of supplementary private tutoring: Dimensions, implications, and government responses. Series: “Ethics and Corruption in Education”
  year: 2003
  ident: 9759_CR5
– volume: 64
  start-page: 135
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  ident: 9759_CR37
  publication-title: Shinrigaku Kenkyu
  doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.64.135
– volume-title: Shadow education in Africa: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications
  year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR10
– volume: 43
  start-page: 281
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: 9759_CR43
  publication-title: TESOL Quarterly
  doi: 10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00168.x
– ident: 9759_CR108
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074341
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 9759_CR89
  publication-title: ECNU Review of Education
– volume: 71
  start-page: 277
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 9759_CR49
  publication-title: Educational Review
  doi: 10.1080/00131911.2017.1415297
– ident: 9759_CR81
– year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR50
  publication-title: SAGE Open
  doi: 10.1177/2158244020988865
– volume-title: Shadow education and social inequalities in Japan. Evolving patterns and conceptual implications
  year: 2018
  ident: 9759_CR35
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0
– ident: 9759_CR106
  doi: 10.1080/01425690600556362
– volume-title: Shadow education as worldwide curriculum studies
  year: 2019
  ident: 9759_CR53
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03982-0
– volume: 85
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  ident: 9759_CR25
  publication-title: Sociology of Education
  doi: 10.1177/0038040712447180
– volume: 111
  start-page: 1053
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 9759_CR33
  publication-title: Scientometrics
  doi: 10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
– volume: 32
  start-page: 46
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 9759_CR61
  publication-title: International Journal of Educational Development
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.01.014
– volume-title: Learning: The treasure within. Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century
  year: 1996
  ident: 9759_CR30
– volume-title: Extra-school instruction, social equity and education quality [in Malaysia]
  year: 1991
  ident: 9759_CR64
– volume-title: Shadow education in Myanmar: Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR15
– volume: 34
  start-page: 55
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: 9759_CR68
  publication-title: Educational Studies
  doi: 10.1080/03055690701785285
– year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR40
  publication-title: British Educational Research Journal
  doi: 10.1002/berj.3587
– ident: 9759_CR28
– volume: 83
  start-page: 67
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR84
  publication-title: Sociology of Education
  doi: 10.1177/0038040709356567
– ident: 9759_CR102
  doi: 10.1093/wbro/lkn004
– volume: 4
  start-page: 442
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR13
  publication-title: ECNU Review of Education
  doi: 10.1177/2096531119890142
– volume: 17
  start-page: 263
  issue: 3
  year: 2002
  ident: 9759_CR66
  publication-title: European Journal of Psychology of Education
  doi: 10.1007/BF03173536
– ident: 9759_CR105
  doi: 10.1086/659142
– start-page: 61
  volume-title: The shadow education system: Private tutoring and its implications for planners. Fundamentals of educational planning
  year: 1999
  ident: 9759_CR4
– volume: 5
  start-page: 195
  issue: 3
  year: 1992
  ident: 9759_CR45
  publication-title: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping
  doi: 10.1080/10615809208249521
– volume: 97
  start-page: 1639
  issue: 6
  year: 1992
  ident: 9759_CR79
  publication-title: American Journal of Sociology
  doi: 10.1086/229942
– volume: 11
  start-page: 59
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR83
  publication-title: Asia Pacific Education Review
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9065-5
– volume: 84
  start-page: 212
  issue: 3
  year: 2011
  ident: 9759_CR58
  publication-title: Sociology of Education
  doi: 10.1177/0038040711411278
– volume-title: Determinants of shadow education: A cross-national analysis
  year: 2009
  ident: 9759_CR76
– volume: 14
  start-page: 495
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 9759_CR87
  publication-title: Asia Pacific Education Review
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-013-9276-7
– volume: 29
  start-page: 419
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  ident: 9759_CR2
  publication-title: Canadian Journal of Sociology
– volume-title: Regulating private tutoring for public good: Policy options for supplementary education in Asia
  year: 2014
  ident: 9759_CR17
– ident: 9759_CR107
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9057-5
– ident: 9759_CR109
  doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.01.003
– volume: 58
  start-page: 735
  issue: 10
  year: 1977
  ident: 9759_CR31
  publication-title: Phi Delta Kappan
– volume: 2
  start-page: 25
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 9759_CR88
  publication-title: ECNU Review of Education
  doi: 10.1177/2096531119840868
– year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR42
  publication-title: Cambridge Journal of Education
  doi: 10.1080/0305764X.2021.2004088
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1713
  issue: 2
  year: 2015
  ident: 9759_CR65
  publication-title: Scientometrics
  doi: 10.1007/s11192-014-1460-y
– ident: 9759_CR100
  doi: 10.3102/01623737023001001
– year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR12
  publication-title: Teachers and Teaching
  doi: 10.1080/13540602.2021.2019700
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR20
  publication-title: Asia Pacific Education Review.
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-010-9070-8
– volume: 5
  start-page: 253
  issue: 3
  year: 1992
  ident: 9759_CR69
  publication-title: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping
  doi: 10.1080/10615809208249526
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR7
  publication-title: Asia Pacific Education Review
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9056-6
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR41
  publication-title: Hungarian Education Research Journal
  doi: 10.1556/063.2021.00001
– volume: 84
  start-page: 3
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 9759_CR73
  publication-title: Sociology of Education
  doi: 10.1177/0038040710392719
– volume: 37
  start-page: 426
  issue: 3
  year: 2016
  ident: 9759_CR77
  publication-title: Discourse
  doi: 10.1080/01596306.2015.1061976
– volume-title: Re-evaluating education in Japan and Korea: De-mystifying stereotypes
  year: 2013
  ident: 9759_CR72
  doi: 10.4324/9780203522028
– ident: 9759_CR101
  doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00232.x
– volume: 41
  start-page: 153
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR86
  publication-title: Discourse
– volume-title: The challenge of shadow education: Private tutoring and its implications for policy makers in the European Union
  year: 2011
  ident: 9759_CR8
– volume: 18
  start-page: 91
  issue: 1
  year: 1987
  ident: 9759_CR48
  publication-title: Educational Studies in Mathematics
  doi: 10.1007/BF00367916
– start-page: 3
  volume-title: Researching private supplementary tutoring: Methodological lessons from diverse cultures
  year: 2016
  ident: 9759_CR18
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-30042-9
– volume: 58
  start-page: 590
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: 9759_CR14
  publication-title: Comparative Education Review
  doi: 10.1086/677907
– ident: 9759_CR38
– volume: 27
  start-page: 106
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 9759_CR27
  publication-title: Research Evaluation
  doi: 10.1093/reseval/rvy001
– volume: 5
  start-page: 225
  issue: 3
  year: 1992
  ident: 9759_CR70
  publication-title: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping
  doi: 10.1080/10615809208249524
– volume: 55
  start-page: 316
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR55
  publication-title: European Journal of Education
  doi: 10.1111/ejed.12411
– volume: 106
  start-page: 213
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 9759_CR67
  publication-title: Scientometrics
  doi: 10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
– start-page: 132
  volume-title: Confronting the shadow education system: What government policies for what private tutoring?
  year: 2009
  ident: 9759_CR6
– volume: 38
  start-page: 24
  year: 2014
  ident: 9759_CR23
  publication-title: Economics of Education Review
  doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.10.002
– volume-title: Education in a hidden marketplace: Monitoring of private tutoring
  year: 2006
  ident: 9759_CR74
– ident: 9759_CR1
– volume-title: Private tutoring across the Mediterranean: Power dynamics and implications for learning and equity
  year: 2013
  ident: 9759_CR22
– volume-title: Shadow education and the curriculum and culture of schooling in South Korea
  year: 2016
  ident: 9759_CR52
  doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3
– volume: 113
  start-page: 614
  year: 2017
  ident: 9759_CR26
  publication-title: Computers & Industrial Engineering
  doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2017.08.033
– volume: 5
  start-page: 241
  issue: 3
  year: 1992
  ident: 9759_CR71
  publication-title: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping
  doi: 10.1080/10615809208249525
– volume: 30
  start-page: 353
  issue: 3
  year: 2008
  ident: 9759_CR80
  publication-title: International Journal of Science Education
  doi: 10.1080/09500690701191425
– ident: 9759_CR104
  doi: 10.1086/648186
– volume-title: Shadow education and social inequalities in Japan: Evolving patterns and conceptual implications
  year: 2018
  ident: 9759_CR34
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0
– volume-title: Teachers as tutors: Shadow education market dynamics in Georgia
  year: 2018
  ident: 9759_CR54
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95915-3
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 9759_CR59
  publication-title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
  doi: 10.1002/meet.14504901027
– ident: 9759_CR111
  doi: 10.4324/9781003317593
– volume: 31
  start-page: 567
  year: 2014
  ident: 9759_CR29
  publication-title: Procedia Computer Science
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.303
– volume: 61
  start-page: 469
  issue: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: 9759_CR9
  publication-title: Comparative Education Review
  doi: 10.1086/692709
– volume-title: Shadow education: Private supplementary tutoring and its implications for policy makers in Asia
  year: 2012
  ident: 9759_CR21
– year: 2021
  ident: 9759_CR11
  publication-title: Compare
  doi: 10.1080/03057925.2021.1915749
– start-page: 129
  volume-title: Out of the shadows: The global intensification of supplementary education
  year: 2013
  ident: 9759_CR82
  doi: 10.1108/S1479-3679(2013)0000022006
– ident: 9759_CR110
  doi: 10.1080/03057920903361926
– volume: 109
  start-page: 1207
  issue: 5
  year: 2007
  ident: 9759_CR57
  publication-title: Teachers College Record
  doi: 10.1177/016146810710900507
– volume: 89
  start-page: 435
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR24
  publication-title: Social Forces
  doi: 10.1353/sof.2010.0105
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 9759_CR91
  publication-title: Economics of Education Review
  doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2012.09.008
– volume: 55
  start-page: 311
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR3
  publication-title: European Journal of Education
  doi: 10.1111/ejed.12410
– volume: 55
  start-page: 322
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR90
  publication-title: European Journal of Education
  doi: 10.1111/ejed.12413
– volume: 11
  start-page: 411
  issue: 3
  year: 2010
  ident: 9759_CR51
  publication-title: Asia Pacific Education Review
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9067-3
– volume: 4
  start-page: 6
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 9759_CR62
  publication-title: Social Sciences and Education Research Review
– volume: 14
  start-page: 5
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 9759_CR78
  publication-title: Orbis Scholae
  doi: 10.14712/23363177.2020.17
– volume: 26
  start-page: 323
  issue: 3
  year: 1994
  ident: 9759_CR44
  publication-title: Journal of Curriculum Studies
  doi: 10.1080/0022027940260307
– volume: 35
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2009
  ident: 9759_CR75
  publication-title: Oxford Review of Education
  doi: 10.1080/03054980801981426
– ident: 9759_CR103
  doi: 10.1007/s12564-009-9058-4
SSID ssj0063919
Score 2.432481
Snippet This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from 488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed...
SourceID nrf
pubmedcentral
proquest
eric
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 341
SubjectTerms Bibliometrics
Education
Educational Psychology
Educational Research
Educational Sociology
Educational Trends
Equal Education
Pedagogy
Periodicals
Private Education
Resistance (Psychology)
Science
Tutoring
교육학
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELZoe-GCeFWkFGQJbqzFOmvHDhdU0FalEhVCVOoJy8_uqktSdhfx95lJnF1tJXrKIY7zmMnMN_bMN4S8DWAZdQ3IjQuZmJDWMc2lZs6XCtBzAiXD2uGvF9XZpTi_kld5wW2V0yoHm9gZ6tB6XCN_XwKyxW1FUX68_c2waxTuruYWGnvkAEywhuDr4NP04tv3wRaD--1ae4DPRhLTicplM33xHHh7wTCbfVwrWTOx45py9vNes0w74PNu6uSd_dPOLZ0-Jo8ynqQnvQI8IQ9i8xRbMee0jWfk5wl1c7fAKnsk46e_LDIyXNM20dXMhvYvjcNgmpl_Zh8opljGjkp8vRrRBVZB9Ut7I2qbQAE10p6N5Dm5PJ3--HzGclMF5oWSaxZ9cmAdRYySJ8AizoWx5cEnmarSj3nSdai1cla6qrQhgvuyEx6jFxNbBe0nh2S_aZv4gtA6Ks-rsauChbOAPFTF4csIVYYUtKwKwofvaXx-TGx8sTBbrmSUgQEZmE4GRhTk3eaa255v497RhyimzcjpOYbcACkL8gYEZ2783CB_Nh6vW3OzNBAlfMHZINLVcPnxIFiTf92V2SpaQdSOsDe3wSl3zzTzWUfNDdEr9mwvyGhQi-3E_3-No_uf4yV5WHZqims_x2R_vfwTXwEUWrvXWd__AYbpBNI
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title A bibliometric mapping of shadow education research: achievements, limitations, and the future
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12564-022-09759-4
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1338522
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2675274242
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8994526
https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002856233
Volume 23
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
ispartofPNX Asia Pacific Education Review, 2022, 23(2), 74, pp.341-359
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LbxMxELZoe-GCyqMipUSW4EZWijf2epdbUiUtRUQIEalcsPxsooZNlQT173fG8SZKBUicfFh79jFezzf2zDeEvHewMpYVIDfGRci40CYrmSgzY3MJ6DnAJMPc4S_j4nLCr67FdUoKWzXR7s2RZFypd8luYJ15htHn3UqKKuMH5Eig7w6zeJL3m_UXTG4s5wF2GolLezKlyvxZxp45ShHPB_Uy7AHOx-GSj85MoykaHZNnCUPS_kbpz8kTX7_A8sspVOMl-dmnZmbmmFmPBPz0l0YWhhu6CHQ11W5xT33TmSa2n-lHimGVPtKHr1cdOsfMp812Xofq2lFAinTDQPKKTEbD7-eXWSqkkFkuxTrzNhhYEbn3ggXAH8a4rmbOBhGK3HZZKCtXldJoYYpcOw8mS_eY95b3dOFK2zshh_Wi9q8Jrby0rOiawmm4CmhDFgy-DJe5C64URYuw5nsqmx4Ti13M1Y4fGXWgQAcq6kDxFvmwHXO34dj4Z-8TVNO25_AK3WyAkS3yDhSnbu1MIWc2tjcLdbtU4Bl8Qmng3ZYw_KxRrEq_60rl4DbhmTUHIXJP2dvboMj9K_VsGum4wWPFOu0t0mmmxU7w31_j9P-6vyFP8zhtcf_njByul7_9W4BDa9MmR_3RYDDG9uLH5yG0g-H467d23Apox3_jAZL8Bho
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB616QEuqDwqDAVWAk7EIrbXLySECqRK-ogQaqWeWPbZRE3tkgRV_Cl-IzN-JEoleuvJB--u7Z3x7De7M98AvDFoGbMckVvAY-fzWCo_C-LMVzpMET07VDLKHT4eJYNTfnAWn23A3zYXhsIqW5tYGWpTatojfx8isqVjRR5-uvrlU9UoOl1tS2jUanFo_1yjyzb_OPyK8n0bhvv9ky8Dv6kq4GuexgvfaqfQPHBr48DhYqyU6cnAaBe7JNS9wGW5QUdcyVgloTQW7beMAms1j2RiMh3huJuwxSN0ZTqw9bk_-va9tf243FelRBAjEGlqlDZpOnWyHqIL7lP0fC9P49zna0thE229WczcGti9Gap547y2Wgb3t-FBg1_ZXq1wD2HDFo-o9HMTJvIYfuwxNVFTyuon8n92KYkB4pyVjs3H0pTXzLaNWcM0NP7AKKTTVtTli3mXTSnrqt5K7DJZGIYoldXsJ0_g9E6mewc6RVnYp8Bym-og6anESLyLSCdNApwZnobGmSxOPAja-RS6eU0qtDEVK25mkoFAGYhKBoJ78G7Z56rm97i19Q6Jadmyf0AuPkJYD16j4MSFngji66breSkuZgK9kiGNhp51ht13W8GKxlTMxUqxPUjXhL18DA25fqeYjCsqcPSWqUa8B91WLVYD__8znt3-Hq_g3uDk-EgcDUeHz-F-WKks7TvtQmcx-21fIAxbqJeN7jP4ede_2z_zfUQd
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF61qYS4oPKoMBRYCTgRq7az6wcSQoUmalqIKkSlnlj22URN7ZIEVfw1fh0z9jpRKtFbTzl4vbF3xjPf7M58Q8gbA5YxLwC5xYy7kHGpwjzmeah0kgF6dqBkWDv8dZQenrKjM362Qf62tTCYVtnaxNpQm0rjHvleAsgWjxVZsud8WsTJweDj1a8QO0jhSWvbTqNRkWP75xrCt_mH4QHI-m2SDPrfPx-GvsNAqFnGF6HVToGpYNby2IFjVspEMjbacZcmOopdXhgIypXkKk2ksWDLZS-2VrOeTE2uezDvJtnKICqKOmTrU3908q31A-D667YigBeQQLWX-ZKdpnAPkAYLMZM-KjJehGzNLfrM681y5taA7820zRtnt7VLHGyTBx7L0v1G-R6SDVs-wjbQPmXkMfmxT9VETbHCHxsB0EuJbBDntHJ0Ppamuqa2HUw969D4PcX0TlvTmC_mXTrFCqxmW7FLZWkoIFbaMKE8Iad3stw7pFNWpX1KaGEzHaeRSo2Eq4B6sjSGlWFZYpzJeRqQuF1Pof1jYtONqVjxNKMMBMhA1DIQLCDvlvdcNVwft47eQTEtR_aPMNwHOBuQ1yA4caEnArm78fe8EhczARHKEGeDKDuH23dbwQpvNuZipeQBydaEvfwbnHL9SjkZ17TgEDljv_iAdFu1WE38_9d4dvtzvCL34DMTX4aj4-fkflJrLG5B7ZLOYvbbvgBEtlAvvepT8vOuv7Z_BPFIUg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+bibliometric+mapping+of+shadow+education+research%3A+achievements%2C+limitations%2C+and+the+future&rft.jtitle=Asia+Pacific+education+review&rft.au=Hajar%2C+Anas&rft.au=Karakus%2C+Mehmet&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.issn=1598-1037&rft.eissn=1876-407X&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=341&rft.epage=359&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12564-022-09759-4&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s12564_022_09759_4
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1598-1037&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1598-1037&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1598-1037&client=summon