Comparison of Polarized Versus Other Types of Endurance Training Intensity Distribution on Athletes’ Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Background Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement. Objective We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on enduran...

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Published inSports medicine (Auckland) Vol. 54; no. 8; pp. 2071 - 2095
Main Authors Silva Oliveira, Pedro, Boppre, Giorjines, Fonseca, Hélder
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer International Publishing 01.08.2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Aerobic capacity
Anaerobic threshold
Athletic Performance - physiology
Clinical trials
Endurance Training - methods
Exercise
Humans
Interval training
Intervention
Kinases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Meta-analysis
Oxygen Consumption
Physical Endurance - physiology
Physical fitness
Physiology
Sports Medicine
Systematic Review
Young adults
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0112-1642
1179-2035
1179-2035
DOI10.1007/s40279-024-02034-z

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Abstract Background Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement. Objective We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for ≥ 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding V O 2 peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT 2 /LT 2 ). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria ( n  = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving V O 2 peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z  = 2.02 ( p  = 0.040); 11 studies, n  = 284; I 2  = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z  = 2.49 ( p  = 0.01); n  = 163; I 2  = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z  = 2.51 ( p  = 0.01); n  = 125; I 2  = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD = – 0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z  =  − 0.10 ( p  = 0.92); n  = 221; I 2  = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI – 0.20, 0.79]; z  = 1.18 ( p  = 0.24); n  = 66; I 2  = 0%) and V/P VT 2 /LT 2 (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z  = 0.32 ( p  = 0.75); n  = 253; I 2  = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study). Conclusions POL is superior to other TIDs for improving V O 2 peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.
AbstractList Background Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement. Objective We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for > 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding VO2peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT2/LT2). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving VO2peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z = 2.02 (p = 0.040); 11 studies, n = 284; I2 = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z = 2.49 (p = 0.01); n = 163; I2 = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z = 2.51 (p = 0.01); n = 125; I2 = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD=-0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z= -0.10 (p = 0.92); zt = 221 ; I2 = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI-0.20,0.79]; z= L18 (p = 0.24); n = 66; I2 = 0%) and V/P VT2/LT2 (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z = 0.32 (p = 0.75); n = 253; I2 = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study). Conclusions POL is superior to other TIDs for improving VO2peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.
Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance. PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for ≥ 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding VO peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT /LT ). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving VO peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z = 2.02 (p = 0.040); 11 studies, n = 284; I  = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z = 2.49 (p = 0.01); n = 163; I  = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z = 2.51 (p = 0.01); n = 125; I  = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD = - 0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z =  - 0.10 (p = 0.92); n = 221; I  = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI - 0.20, 0.79]; z = 1.18 (p = 0.24); n = 66; I  = 0%) and V/P VT /LT (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z = 0.32 (p = 0.75); n = 253; I  = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study). POL is superior to other TIDs for improving VO peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.
Background Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement. Objective We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for ≥ 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding V O 2 peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT 2 /LT 2 ). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria ( n  = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving V O 2 peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z  = 2.02 ( p  = 0.040); 11 studies, n  = 284; I 2  = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z  = 2.49 ( p  = 0.01); n  = 163; I 2  = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z  = 2.51 ( p  = 0.01); n  = 125; I 2  = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD = – 0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z  =  − 0.10 ( p  = 0.92); n  = 221; I 2  = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI – 0.20, 0.79]; z  = 1.18 ( p  = 0.24); n  = 66; I 2  = 0%) and V/P VT 2 /LT 2 (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z  = 0.32 ( p  = 0.75); n  = 253; I 2  = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study). Conclusions POL is superior to other TIDs for improving V O 2 peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.
Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement.BACKGROUNDPolarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance performance improvement.We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence comparing POL to other TIDs on endurance performance.PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for ≥ 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding VO2peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT2/LT2). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences.METHODSPRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022365117). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to 20 October 2022 for studies in adults and young adults for ≥ 4 weeks comparing POL with other TID interventions regarding VO2peak, time-trial (TT), time to exhaustion (TTE) or speed or power at the second ventilatory or lactate threshold (V/P at VT2/LT2). Risk of bias was assessed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results were analyzed by random effects meta-analysis using standardized mean differences.Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving VO2peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z = 2.02 (p = 0.040); 11 studies, n = 284; I2 = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z = 2.49 (p = 0.01); n = 163; I2 = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z = 2.51 (p = 0.01); n = 125; I2 = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD = - 0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z =  - 0.10 (p = 0.92); n = 221; I2 = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI - 0.20, 0.79]; z = 1.18 (p = 0.24); n = 66; I2 = 0%) and V/P VT2/LT2 (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z = 0.32 (p = 0.75); n = 253; I2 = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study).RESULTSSeventeen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 437 subjects). Pooled effect estimates suggest POL superiority for improving VO2peak (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.01, 0.48]; z = 2.02 (p = 0.040); 11 studies, n = 284; I2 = 0%; high certainty of evidence). Superiority, however, only occurred in shorter interventions (< 12 weeks) (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI 0.08, 0.71; z = 2.49 (p = 0.01); n = 163; I2 = 0%) and for highly trained athletes (SMD = 0.46 [95% CI 0.10, 0.82]; z = 2.51 (p = 0.01); n = 125; I2 = 0%). The remaining endurance performance surrogates were similarly affected by POL and other TIDs: TT (SMD = - 0.01 [95% CI -0.28, 0.25]; z =  - 0.10 (p = 0.92); n = 221; I2 = 0%), TTE (SMD = 0.30 [95% CI - 0.20, 0.79]; z = 1.18 (p = 0.24); n = 66; I2 = 0%) and V/P VT2/LT2 (SMD = 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.29]; z = 0.32 (p = 0.75); n = 253; I2 = 0%). Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials was rated as of some concern and for non-randomized controlled trials as low risk of bias (two studies) and some concerns (one study).POL is superior to other TIDs for improving VO2peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.CONCLUSIONSPOL is superior to other TIDs for improving VO2peak, particularly in shorter duration interventions and highly trained athletes. However, the effect of POL was similar to that of other TIDs on the remaining surrogates of endurance performance. The results suggest that POL more effectively improves aerobic power but is similar to other TIDs for improving aerobic capacity.
Author Silva Oliveira, Pedro
Boppre, Giorjines
Fonseca, Hélder
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38717713$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0311833
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Snippet Background Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for...
Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for endurance...
Background Polarized training intensity distribution (POL) was recently suggested to be superior to other training intensity distribution (TID) regimens for...
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StartPage 2071
SubjectTerms Aerobic capacity
Anaerobic threshold
Athletic Performance - physiology
Clinical trials
Endurance Training - methods
Exercise
Humans
Interval training
Intervention
Kinases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Meta-analysis
Oxygen Consumption
Physical Endurance - physiology
Physical fitness
Physiology
Sports Medicine
Systematic Review
Young adults
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Title Comparison of Polarized Versus Other Types of Endurance Training Intensity Distribution on Athletes’ Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-024-02034-z
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38717713
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