Structure-Related Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of Silica-Gelatin Hybrid Aerogels for Bone Regeneration

We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol-gel process followed by CO supercrit...

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Published inGels Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 67
Main Authors Reyes-Peces, María V, Fernández-Montesinos, Rafael, Mesa-Díaz, María Del Mar, Vilches-Pérez, José Ignacio, Cárdenas-Leal, Jose Luis, de la Rosa-Fox, Nicolás, Salido, Mercedes, Piñero, Manuel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 14.01.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Aerogels
bioactivity
Biocompatibility
Biological activity
Biomedical materials
Body fluids
Bulk density
Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion & migration
Collagen
Coupling agents
Experiments
Fourier transforms
Gelatin
GPTMS
hybrid aerogel
Hydroxyapatite
In vitro methods and tests
Infrared analysis
Mechanical properties
Nucleation
Oil recovery
Percolation
percolation threshold
Pore size
Porous materials
Regeneration (physiology)
Silicon dioxide
Sol-gel processes
Swelling ratio
Thermodynamic properties
Thermogravimetric analysis
Tissue engineering
Toxicity
mineralization
bioactivity
bone tissue engineering
cytoskeleton
cell adhesion
percolation threshold
hybrid aerogel
osteoblasts
gelatin
GPTMS
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Abstract We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol-gel process followed by CO supercritical drying, resulting in crack-free monolith samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.41 g cm to 0.66 g cm . Nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed an interconnected mesopore network and a general decrease in the textural parameters: specific surface areas (651-361 m g ), pore volume (1.98-0.89 cm g ), and pore sizes (10.8-8.6 nm), by increasing gelatin content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and uniaxial compression experiments confirmed that the structure, thermal properties and mechanical behavior of these aerogels changed significantly when the concentration of gelatin reached 25 wt.%, suggesting that this composition corresponds to the percolation threshold of the organic phase. In addition, the samples exhibited hydrophilic behavior and extremely fast swelling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with swelling ratios from 2.32 to 3.32. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity studies revealed a strong relationship between the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the gelatin content. The live/dead assay revealed no cytotoxicity in HOB osteoblasts in vitro and a positive influence on cell growth, focal adhesion development, and cytoskeletal arrangement for cell adhesion. Mineralization assays confirmed the positive effects of the samples on osteoblast differentiation. The biomaterials described are versatile, can be easily sterilized and are suitable for a wide range of applications in bone tissue-engineering, either alone or in combination with bioactive-reinforced phases.
AbstractList We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica–gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol–gel process followed by CO2 supercritical drying, resulting in crack-free monolith samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.41 g cm−3 to 0.66 g cm−3. Nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed an interconnected mesopore network and a general decrease in the textural parameters: specific surface areas (651–361 m2 g−1), pore volume (1.98–0.89 cm3 g−1), and pore sizes (10.8–8.6 nm), by increasing gelatin content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and uniaxial compression experiments confirmed that the structure, thermal properties and mechanical behavior of these aerogels changed significantly when the concentration of gelatin reached 25 wt.%, suggesting that this composition corresponds to the percolation threshold of the organic phase. In addition, the samples exhibited hydrophilic behavior and extremely fast swelling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with swelling ratios from 2.32 to 3.32. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity studies revealed a strong relationship between the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the gelatin content. The live/dead assay revealed no cytotoxicity in HOB® osteoblasts in vitro and a positive influence on cell growth, focal adhesion development, and cytoskeletal arrangement for cell adhesion. Mineralization assays confirmed the positive effects of the samples on osteoblast differentiation. The biomaterials described are versatile, can be easily sterilized and are suitable for a wide range of applications in bone tissue-engineering, either alone or in combination with bioactive-reinforced phases.
We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol-gel process followed by CO2 supercritical drying, resulting in crack-free monolith samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.41 g cm-3 to 0.66 g cm-3. Nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed an interconnected mesopore network and a general decrease in the textural parameters: specific surface areas (651-361 m2 g-1), pore volume (1.98-0.89 cm3 g-1), and pore sizes (10.8-8.6 nm), by increasing gelatin content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and uniaxial compression experiments confirmed that the structure, thermal properties and mechanical behavior of these aerogels changed significantly when the concentration of gelatin reached 25 wt.%, suggesting that this composition corresponds to the percolation threshold of the organic phase. In addition, the samples exhibited hydrophilic behavior and extremely fast swelling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with swelling ratios from 2.32 to 3.32. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity studies revealed a strong relationship between the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the gelatin content. The live/dead assay revealed no cytotoxicity in HOB® osteoblasts in vitro and a positive influence on cell growth, focal adhesion development, and cytoskeletal arrangement for cell adhesion. Mineralization assays confirmed the positive effects of the samples on osteoblast differentiation. The biomaterials described are versatile, can be easily sterilized and are suitable for a wide range of applications in bone tissue-engineering, either alone or in combination with bioactive-reinforced phases.We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol-gel process followed by CO2 supercritical drying, resulting in crack-free monolith samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.41 g cm-3 to 0.66 g cm-3. Nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed an interconnected mesopore network and a general decrease in the textural parameters: specific surface areas (651-361 m2 g-1), pore volume (1.98-0.89 cm3 g-1), and pore sizes (10.8-8.6 nm), by increasing gelatin content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and uniaxial compression experiments confirmed that the structure, thermal properties and mechanical behavior of these aerogels changed significantly when the concentration of gelatin reached 25 wt.%, suggesting that this composition corresponds to the percolation threshold of the organic phase. In addition, the samples exhibited hydrophilic behavior and extremely fast swelling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with swelling ratios from 2.32 to 3.32. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity studies revealed a strong relationship between the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the gelatin content. The live/dead assay revealed no cytotoxicity in HOB® osteoblasts in vitro and a positive influence on cell growth, focal adhesion development, and cytoskeletal arrangement for cell adhesion. Mineralization assays confirmed the positive effects of the samples on osteoblast differentiation. The biomaterials described are versatile, can be easily sterilized and are suitable for a wide range of applications in bone tissue-engineering, either alone or in combination with bioactive-reinforced phases.
We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol-gel process followed by CO supercritical drying, resulting in crack-free monolith samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.41 g cm to 0.66 g cm . Nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed an interconnected mesopore network and a general decrease in the textural parameters: specific surface areas (651-361 m g ), pore volume (1.98-0.89 cm g ), and pore sizes (10.8-8.6 nm), by increasing gelatin content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and uniaxial compression experiments confirmed that the structure, thermal properties and mechanical behavior of these aerogels changed significantly when the concentration of gelatin reached 25 wt.%, suggesting that this composition corresponds to the percolation threshold of the organic phase. In addition, the samples exhibited hydrophilic behavior and extremely fast swelling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with swelling ratios from 2.32 to 3.32. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity studies revealed a strong relationship between the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the gelatin content. The live/dead assay revealed no cytotoxicity in HOB osteoblasts in vitro and a positive influence on cell growth, focal adhesion development, and cytoskeletal arrangement for cell adhesion. Mineralization assays confirmed the positive effects of the samples on osteoblast differentiation. The biomaterials described are versatile, can be easily sterilized and are suitable for a wide range of applications in bone tissue-engineering, either alone or in combination with bioactive-reinforced phases.
We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica–gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a coupling agent, for tissue-engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using a one-step sol–gel process followed by CO 2 supercritical drying, resulting in crack-free monolith samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.41 g cm −3 to 0.66 g cm −3 . Nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed an interconnected mesopore network and a general decrease in the textural parameters: specific surface areas (651–361 m 2 g −1 ), pore volume (1.98–0.89 cm 3 g −1 ), and pore sizes (10.8–8.6 nm), by increasing gelatin content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and uniaxial compression experiments confirmed that the structure, thermal properties and mechanical behavior of these aerogels changed significantly when the concentration of gelatin reached 25 wt.%, suggesting that this composition corresponds to the percolation threshold of the organic phase. In addition, the samples exhibited hydrophilic behavior and extremely fast swelling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with swelling ratios from 2.32 to 3.32. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity studies revealed a strong relationship between the kinetics of the nucleation and growth processes of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the gelatin content. The live/dead assay revealed no cytotoxicity in HOB ® osteoblasts in vitro and a positive influence on cell growth, focal adhesion development, and cytoskeletal arrangement for cell adhesion. Mineralization assays confirmed the positive effects of the samples on osteoblast differentiation. The biomaterials described are versatile, can be easily sterilized and are suitable for a wide range of applications in bone tissue-engineering, either alone or in combination with bioactive-reinforced phases.
Author de la Rosa-Fox, Nicolás
Vilches-Pérez, José Ignacio
Salido, Mercedes
Cárdenas-Leal, Jose Luis
Mesa-Díaz, María Del Mar
Fernández-Montesinos, Rafael
Reyes-Peces, María V
Piñero, Manuel
AuthorAffiliation 2 Departamento de Histología, SCIBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11004 Cádiz, Spain
5 Instituto de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
1 Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
6 Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
4 Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
3 Instituto de Biomedicina de Cádiz, (INIBICA), Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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– name: 1 Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Issue 1
Keywords mineralization
bioactivity
bone tissue engineering
cytoskeleton
cell adhesion
percolation threshold
hybrid aerogel
osteoblasts
gelatin
GPTMS
Language English
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Snippet We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane...
We report the synthesis of mesoporous silica–gelatin hybrid aerogels with 15, 25, and 30 wt. % gelatin contents, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane...
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StartPage 67
SubjectTerms Aerogels
bioactivity
Biocompatibility
Biological activity
Biomedical materials
Body fluids
Bulk density
Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion & migration
Collagen
Coupling agents
Experiments
Fourier transforms
Gelatin
GPTMS
hybrid aerogel
Hydroxyapatite
In vitro methods and tests
Infrared analysis
Mechanical properties
Nucleation
Oil recovery
Percolation
percolation threshold
Pore size
Porous materials
Regeneration (physiology)
Silicon dioxide
Sol-gel processes
Swelling ratio
Thermodynamic properties
Thermogravimetric analysis
Tissue engineering
Toxicity
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Title Structure-Related Mechanical Properties and Bioactivity of Silica-Gelatin Hybrid Aerogels for Bone Regeneration
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9858756
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