Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress

Introduction Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. Objective We aimed to characterise expos...

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Published inInternational archives of occupational and environmental health Vol. 97; no. 5; pp. 523 - 536
Main Authors Pálešová, Nina, Bláhová, Lucie, Janoš, Tomáš, Řiháčková, Katarína, Pindur, Aleš, Šebejová, Ludmila, Čupr, Pavel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine - blood
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine - urine
Adult
Benzothiazole
Benzothiazoles
Benzotriazole
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biomarkers - urine
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Czech Republic
Deoxyguanosine
Deoxyguanosine - analogs & derivatives
Deoxyguanosine - blood
Deoxyguanosine - urine
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Health
Exposure
Firefighters
Health risks
High performance liquid chromatography
Humans
Lipids
Lipids - blood
Liquid chromatography
Liver
Liver - drug effects
Male
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Middle Aged
Occupational exposure
Occupational Exposure - analysis
Occupational health
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original
Original Article
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Population characteristics
Population studies
Regression analysis
Regression models
Rehabilitation
Serum lipids
Triazoles
Czech Republic
Serum lipids
Liver function
Oxidative stress
Human biomonitoring
Benzothiazole
Benzotriazole
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0340-0131
1432-1246
1432-1246
DOI10.1007/s00420-024-02059-x

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Abstract Introduction Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. Objective We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Methods 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. Results The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = − 17.54%; 95% CI: − 26.127, − 7.962). Conclusion This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes. Graphical abstract
AbstractList IntroductionBenzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress.Methods165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity.ResultsThe BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = − 17.54%; 95% CI: − 26.127, − 7.962).ConclusionThis is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited.INTRODUCTIONBenzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited.We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress.165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity.METHODS165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity.The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962).RESULTSThe BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962).This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962). This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
Introduction Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. Objective We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Methods 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. Results The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = − 17.54%; 95% CI: − 26.127, − 7.962). Conclusion This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes. Graphical abstract
Author Řiháčková, Katarína
Pálešová, Nina
Pindur, Aleš
Bláhová, Lucie
Šebejová, Ludmila
Janoš, Tomáš
Čupr, Pavel
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  email: pavel.cupr@recetox.muni.cz
  organization: RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38546760$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules29194780
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_175387
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ISSN 0340-0131
1432-1246
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 18:33:47 EDT 2025
Thu Jul 10 22:52:44 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 09:12:55 EDT 2025
Sat Jun 14 01:30:58 EDT 2025
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Tue Jul 01 00:45:41 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:40:06 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
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Issue 5
Keywords Serum lipids
Liver function
Oxidative stress
Human biomonitoring
Benzothiazole
Benzotriazole
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Snippet Introduction Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential...
Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk....
IntroductionBenzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential...
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SubjectTerms 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine - blood
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine - urine
Adult
Benzothiazole
Benzothiazoles
Benzotriazole
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biomarkers - urine
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Czech Republic
Deoxyguanosine
Deoxyguanosine - analogs & derivatives
Deoxyguanosine - blood
Deoxyguanosine - urine
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Health
Exposure
Firefighters
Health risks
High performance liquid chromatography
Humans
Lipids
Lipids - blood
Liquid chromatography
Liver
Liver - drug effects
Male
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Middle Aged
Occupational exposure
Occupational Exposure - analysis
Occupational health
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original
Original Article
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Population characteristics
Population studies
Regression analysis
Regression models
Rehabilitation
Serum lipids
Triazoles
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Title Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-024-02059-x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38546760
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/3014010428
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11130049
Volume 97
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