Pupil diameter encodes the idiosyncratic, cognitive complexity of belief updating
Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but it is not known whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show t...
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| Published in | eLife Vol. 9 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
18.05.2020
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
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| ISSN | 2050-084X 2050-084X |
| DOI | 10.7554/eLife.57872 |
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| Abstract | Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but it is not known whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is more parsimoniously described as signaling violations of learned, top-down expectations than changes in low-level stimulus properties. We further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which individual subjects use these violations to update their subsequent expectations, as reflected in the complexity of their updating strategy. Together these results demonstrate a central role for idiosyncratic cognitive processing in how arousal systems respond to new inputs and, via our complexity-based analyses, offer a potential framework for understanding these effects in terms of both inference processes aimed to reduce belief uncertainty and more traditional notions of mental effort. |
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| AbstractList | Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but it is not known whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is more parsimoniously described as signaling violations of learned, top-down expectations than changes in low-level stimulus properties. We further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which individual subjects use these violations to update their subsequent expectations, as reflected in the complexity of their updating strategy. Together these results demonstrate a central role for idiosyncratic cognitive processing in how arousal systems respond to new inputs and, via our complexity-based analyses, offer a potential framework for understanding these effects in terms of both inference processes aimed to reduce belief uncertainty and more traditional notions of mental effort. Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but it is not known whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is more parsimoniously described as signaling violations of learned, top-down expectations than changes in low-level stimulus properties. We further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which individual subjects use these violations to update their subsequent expectations, as reflected in the complexity of their updating strategy. Together these results demonstrate a central role for idiosyncratic cognitive processing in how arousal systems respond to new inputs and, via our complexity-based analyses, offer a potential framework for understanding these effects in terms of both inference processes aimed to reduce belief uncertainty and more traditional notions of mental effort.Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but it is not known whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is more parsimoniously described as signaling violations of learned, top-down expectations than changes in low-level stimulus properties. We further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which individual subjects use these violations to update their subsequent expectations, as reflected in the complexity of their updating strategy. Together these results demonstrate a central role for idiosyncratic cognitive processing in how arousal systems respond to new inputs and, via our complexity-based analyses, offer a potential framework for understanding these effects in terms of both inference processes aimed to reduce belief uncertainty and more traditional notions of mental effort. |
| Author | Kable, Joseph W Glaze, Christopher M Filipowicz, Alexandre LS Gold, Joshua I |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alexandre LS orcidid: 0000-0002-1311-386X surname: Filipowicz fullname: Filipowicz, Alexandre LS organization: Departments of Neursocience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, Departments of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, Departments of Computational Neuroscience Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Christopher M surname: Glaze fullname: Glaze, Christopher M organization: Departments of Neursocience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, Departments of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, Departments of Computational Neuroscience Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Joseph W surname: Kable fullname: Kable, Joseph W organization: Departments of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, Departments of Computational Neuroscience Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Joshua I orcidid: 0000-0002-6018-0483 surname: Gold fullname: Gold, Joshua I organization: Departments of Neursocience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, Departments of Computational Neuroscience Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420866$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | complexity surprise decision-making belief updating neuroscience pupillometry uncertainty human |
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| Title | Pupil diameter encodes the idiosyncratic, cognitive complexity of belief updating |
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