Lower capillary density but no difference in VEGF expression in obese vs. lean young skeletal muscle in humans
Departments of 1 Exercise and Sport Science, 2 Physiology, and 4 Surgery, and 3 Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Submitted 1 April 2004 ; accepted in final form 3 August 2004 Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower...
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Published in | Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 98; no. 1; pp. 315 - 321 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Bethesda, MD
Am Physiological Soc
01.01.2005
American Physiological Society |
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Abstract | Departments of 1 Exercise and Sport Science, 2 Physiology, and 4 Surgery, and 3 Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
Submitted 1 April 2004
; accepted in final form 3 August 2004
Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower insulin sensitivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the maintenance of the skeletal muscle capillaries. To investigate whether VEGF and VEGF receptor [kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and Flt-1] expression are lower with obesity, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from eight obese and eight lean young sedentary men before and 2 h after a 1-h submaximal aerobic exercise bout for the measurement of VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, and skeletal muscle fiber and capillary characteristics. There were no differences in VEGF or VEGF receptor mRNA at rest between lean and obese muscle. Exercise increased VEGF (10-fold), KDR (3-fold), and Flt-1 (5-fold) mRNA independent of group. There were no differences in VEGF, KDR, or Flt-1 protein between groups. Compared with lean skeletal muscle, the number of capillary contacts per fiber was the same, but lower capillary density (CD), greater muscle cross sectional area, and lower capillary-to-fiber area ratio were observed in both type I and II fibers in obese muscle. Multiple linear regression revealed that 49% of the variance in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment) could be explained by percentage of body fat (35%) and maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of fat-free mass (14%). Linear regression revealed significant relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and both CD and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange. Although differences may exist in CD and capillary-to-fiber area ratio between lean and obese skeletal muscle, the present results provide evidence that VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are not different between lean and obese muscle.
kinase insert domain-containing receptor; Flt-1; exercise; homeostasis model assessment; maximal oxygen uptake; vascular endothelial growth factor
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. P. Gavin, 363 Ward Sports Medicine Bldg., East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC 27858 (E-mail: gavint{at}mail.ecu.edu ) |
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AbstractList | Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower insulin sensitivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the maintenance of the skeletal muscle capillaries. To investigate whether VEGF and VEGF receptor [kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and Flt-1] expression are lower with obesity, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from eight obese and eight lean young sedentary men before and 2 h after a 1-h submaximal aerobic exercise bout for the measurement of VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, and skeletal muscle fiber and capillary characteristics. There were no differences in VEGF or VEGF receptor mRNA at rest between lean and obese muscle. Exercise increased VEGF (10-fold), KDR (3-fold), and Flt-1 (5-fold) mRNA independent of group. There were no differences in VEGF, KDR, or Flt-1 protein between groups. Compared with lean skeletal muscle, the number of capillary contacts per fiber was the same, but lower capillary density (CD), greater muscle cross sectional area, and lower capillary-to-fiber area ratio were observed in both type I and II fibers in obese muscle. Multiple linear regression revealed that 49% of the variance in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment) could be explained by percentage of body fat (35%) and maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of fat-free mass (14%). Linear regression revealed significant relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and both CD and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange. Although differences may exist in CD and capillary-to-fiber area ratio between lean and obese skeletal muscle, the present results provide evidence that VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are not different between lean and obese muscle. Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower insulin sensitivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the maintenance of the skeletal muscle capillaries. To investigate whether VEGF and VEGF receptor [kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and Flt-1] expression are lower with obesity, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from eight obese and eight lean young sedentary men before and 2 h after a 1-h submaximal aerobic exercise bout for the measurement of VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, and skeletal muscle fiber and capillary characteristics. There were no differences in VEGF or VEGF receptor mRNA at rest between lean and obese muscle. Exercise increased VEGF (10-fold), KDR (3-fold), and Flt-1 (5-fold) mRNA independent of group. There were no differences in VEGF, KDR, or Flt-1 protein between groups. Compared with lean skeletal muscle, the number of capillary contacts per fiber was the same, but lower capillary density (CD), greater muscle cross sectional area, and lower capillary-to-fiber area ratio were observed in both type I and II fibers in obese muscle. Multiple linear regression revealed that 49% of the variance in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment) could be explained by percentage of body fat (35%) and maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of fat-free mass (14%). Linear regression revealed significant relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and both CD and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange. Although differences may exist in CD and capillary-to-fiber area ratio between lean and obese skeletal muscle, the present results provide evidence that VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are not different between lean and obese muscle. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Departments of 1 Exercise and Sport Science, 2 Physiology, and 4 Surgery, and 3 Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Submitted 1 April 2004 ; accepted in final form 3 August 2004 Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower insulin sensitivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the maintenance of the skeletal muscle capillaries. To investigate whether VEGF and VEGF receptor [kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and Flt-1] expression are lower with obesity, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from eight obese and eight lean young sedentary men before and 2 h after a 1-h submaximal aerobic exercise bout for the measurement of VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, and skeletal muscle fiber and capillary characteristics. There were no differences in VEGF or VEGF receptor mRNA at rest between lean and obese muscle. Exercise increased VEGF (10-fold), KDR (3-fold), and Flt-1 (5-fold) mRNA independent of group. There were no differences in VEGF, KDR, or Flt-1 protein between groups. Compared with lean skeletal muscle, the number of capillary contacts per fiber was the same, but lower capillary density (CD), greater muscle cross sectional area, and lower capillary-to-fiber area ratio were observed in both type I and II fibers in obese muscle. Multiple linear regression revealed that 49% of the variance in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment) could be explained by percentage of body fat (35%) and maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of fat-free mass (14%). Linear regression revealed significant relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and both CD and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange. Although differences may exist in CD and capillary-to-fiber area ratio between lean and obese skeletal muscle, the present results provide evidence that VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are not different between lean and obese muscle. kinase insert domain-containing receptor; Flt-1; exercise; homeostasis model assessment; maximal oxygen uptake; vascular endothelial growth factor Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. P. Gavin, 363 Ward Sports Medicine Bldg., East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC 27858 (E-mail: gavint{at}mail.ecu.edu ) |
Author | Moore, Rebecca A Zwetsloot, Kevin A Ryan, Nicholas A Pofahl, Walter E Hickner, Robert C Stallings, Howard W., III Gavin, Timothy P Westerkamp, Lenna M |
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Cites_doi | 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.2.H679 10.1172/JCI18420 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00712.x 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.1.E17 10.1002/mus.10221 10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_40 10.2170/jjphysiol.53.181 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00231-6 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00023.2004 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.2.R539 10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00178-0 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.2.H772 10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.3.R393 10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011975 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00158.x 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2150 10.1161/hc0302.102143 10.1139/h97-002 10.1007/BF00280883 10.3109/10520298709107973 10.1152/ajpheart.1977.232.6.H705 10.1172/JCI113088 10.1152/ajpregu.00071.2004 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.4.1305 10.2165/00007256-199724050-00004 10.1249/00005768-198023000-00016 10.1210/jc.2003-030434 10.2337/diabetes.51.9.2742 10.1152/japplphysiol.00748.2003 10.1152/japplphysiol.01309.2003 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00057.x 10.1152/ajpheart.00150.2003 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2004 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2003.10.006 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.H1163 |
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Keywords | Human Vastus lateralis muscle Obesity maximal oxygen uptake Nutrition disorder exercise Striated muscle Density Microcirculation Vascular endothelium growth factor Biopsy vascular endothelial growth factor kinase insert domain-containing receptor Blood capillary Circulatory system Nutritional status homeostasis model assessment Biological receptor Flt-1 |
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Snippet | Departments of 1 Exercise and Sport Science, 2 Physiology, and 4 Surgery, and 3 Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North... Obesity is associated with lower skeletal muscle capillarization and lower insulin sensitivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for the... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Biological and medical sciences Blood vessels Capillaries - pathology Capillaries - physiopathology Exercise Test Human subjects Humans Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply Muscle, Skeletal - pathology Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology Muscular system Obesity Obesity - physiopathology Organ Size Oxygen - metabolism Physical Exertion Thinness - metabolism Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism |
Title | Lower capillary density but no difference in VEGF expression in obese vs. lean young skeletal muscle in humans |
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