Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Docking Studies of New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors of the Bispyridinium Type

A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridin...

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Published inArchiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim) Vol. 336; no. 11; pp. 523 - 540
Main Authors Kapková, Petra, Stiefl, Nikolaus, Sürig, Ulf, Engels, Bernd, Baumann, Knut, Holzgrabe, Ulrike
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Weinheim WILEY-VCH Verlag 01.11.2003
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Abstract A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridiniumoxime (TMB‐4) was bisbenzyl substituted followed by monobenzyl substituted, bismethyl substituted, and unsubstituted derivatives of TMB‐4. Hence, the bisbenzyl ether of TMB‐4 was further investigated. In order to obtain diverse lipophilic and electronic properties for these bisbenzyl bispyridinium derivatives (so‐called DUO series), the lateral ring substitution was systematically varied. The lowest IC50 value against AChE found thus far in the DUO series was 0.34 μM. Docking studies were carried out to elucidate the differences in biological activity. A general binding mode for nearly all compounds could be identified by these investigations. In this binding mode, the docked ligands span the narrow, deeply buried active‐site gorge, interacting with Trp84 at the bottom of the gorge, Tyr334 or Phe331 halfway down the gorge, and Trp279 at the peripheral anionic site at the mouth of the gorge. For specific ligands, additional interactions were found which helped to explain their deviating activity. Based on the promising characteristics of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors presented, a series of structurally related, optimized candidates will be developed.
AbstractList A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridiniumoxime (TMB-4) was bisbenzyl substituted followed by monobenzyl substituted, bismethyl substituted, and unsubstituted derivatives of TMB-4. Hence, the bisbenzyl ether of TMB-4 was further investigated. In order to obtain diverse lipophilic and electronic properties for these bisbenzyl bispyridinium derivatives (so-called DUO series), the lateral ring substitution was systematically varied. The lowest IC(50) value against AChE found thus far in the DUO series was 0.34 microM. Docking studies were carried out to elucidate the differences in biological activity. A general binding mode for nearly all compounds could be identified by these investigations. In this binding mode, the docked ligands span the narrow, deeply buried active-site gorge, interacting with Trp84 at the bottom of the gorge, Tyr334 or Phe331 halfway down the gorge, and Trp279 at the peripheral anionic site at the mouth of the gorge. For specific ligands, additional interactions were found which helped to explain their deviating activity. Based on the promising characteristics of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors presented, a series of structurally related, optimized candidates will be developed.
A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridiniumoxime (TMB-4) was bisbenzyl substituted followed by monobenzyl substituted, bismethyl substituted, and unsubstituted derivatives of TMB-4. Hence, the bisbenzyl ether of TMB-4 was further investigated. In order to obtain diverse lipophilic and electronic properties for these bisbenzyl bispyridinium derivatives (so-called DUO series), the lateral ring substitution was systematically varied. The lowest IC50 value against AChE found thus far in the DUO series was 0.34 muM. Docking studies were carried out to elucidate the differences in biological activity A general binding mode for nearly all compounds could be identified by these investigations. In this binding mode, the docked ligands span the narrow, deeply buried active-site gorge, interacting with Trp84 at the bottom of the gorge, Tyr334 or Phe331 halfway down the gorge, and Trp279 at the peripheral anionic site at the mouth of the gorge. For specific ligands, additional interactions were found which helped to explain their deviating activity. Based on the promising characteristics of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors presented, a series of structurally related, optimized candidates will be developed.
Abstract A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridiniumoxime (TMB‐4) was bisbenzyl substituted followed by monobenzyl substituted, bismethyl substituted, and unsubstituted derivatives of TMB‐4. Hence, the bisbenzyl ether of TMB‐4 was further investigated. In order to obtain diverse lipophilic and electronic properties for these bisbenzyl bispyridinium derivatives (so‐called DUO series), the lateral ring substitution was systematically varied. The lowest IC 50 value against AChE found thus far in the DUO series was 0.34 μM. Docking studies were carried out to elucidate the differences in biological activity. A general binding mode for nearly all compounds could be identified by these investigations. In this binding mode, the docked ligands span the narrow, deeply buried active‐site gorge, interacting with Trp84 at the bottom of the gorge, Tyr334 or Phe331 halfway down the gorge, and Trp279 at the peripheral anionic site at the mouth of the gorge. For specific ligands, additional interactions were found which helped to explain their deviating activity. Based on the promising characteristics of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors presented, a series of structurally related, optimized candidates will be developed.
A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) measured. In essence, the substitution pattern influenced the inhibitory potency against AChE, where the most active bispyridiniumoxime (TMB‐4) was bisbenzyl substituted followed by monobenzyl substituted, bismethyl substituted, and unsubstituted derivatives of TMB‐4. Hence, the bisbenzyl ether of TMB‐4 was further investigated. In order to obtain diverse lipophilic and electronic properties for these bisbenzyl bispyridinium derivatives (so‐called DUO series), the lateral ring substitution was systematically varied. The lowest IC50 value against AChE found thus far in the DUO series was 0.34 μM. Docking studies were carried out to elucidate the differences in biological activity. A general binding mode for nearly all compounds could be identified by these investigations. In this binding mode, the docked ligands span the narrow, deeply buried active‐site gorge, interacting with Trp84 at the bottom of the gorge, Tyr334 or Phe331 halfway down the gorge, and Trp279 at the peripheral anionic site at the mouth of the gorge. For specific ligands, additional interactions were found which helped to explain their deviating activity. Based on the promising characteristics of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors presented, a series of structurally related, optimized candidates will be developed.
Author Stiefl, Nikolaus
Baumann, Knut
Engels, Bernd
Sürig, Ulf
Kapková, Petra
Holzgrabe, Ulrike
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Issue 11
Keywords CHOLINESTERASE
inhibitors
SITE
GALANTHAMINE
TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA
DESIGN
ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS
TACRINE
acetylcholinesterase
HUPERZINE-A
ANGSTROM RESOLUTION
POTENT
bispyridinium oxime ethers
Enzyme
Nitrogen heterocycle
Iminium compounds
Benzene derivatives
Enzyme inhibitor
Oxime
Esterases
Inhibitor enzyme complex
Acetylcholinesterase
In vitro
Modeling
Carboxylic ester hydrolases
Inhibitors
Structure activity relation
Bispyridinium oxime ethers
Six membered ring
Molecular model
Binding mode
Hydrolases
Aldoxime
Chemical synthesis
Organic dication
Language English
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Snippet A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and...
Abstract A novel series of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors of the bispyridinium type was synthesized and the inhibitory activity against AChE and...
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SubjectTerms Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism
Binding Sites
Biological and medical sciences
Bispyridinium oxime ethers
Butyrylcholinesterase - metabolism
Chemistry
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cholinergic system
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemical synthesis
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Inhibitors
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Ligands
Medical sciences
Models, Molecular
Molecular Structure
Neuropharmacology
Neurotransmitters. Neurotransmission. Receptors
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Physical Sciences
Pyridinium Compounds - chemical synthesis
Pyridinium Compounds - chemistry
Pyridinium Compounds - pharmacology
Science & Technology
Structure-Activity Relationship
Title Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Docking Studies of New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors of the Bispyridinium Type
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