Correlation of the loss in photovoltaic module performance with the ageing behaviour of the backsheets used
The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated ageing (damp heat [DH] exposure). Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence,...
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Published in | Progress in photovoltaics Vol. 23; no. 11; pp. 1501 - 1515 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Bognor Regis
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2015
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Abstract | The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated ageing (damp heat [DH] exposure). Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the ageing‐induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. This wide set of test parameters and methods allowed for the detection of correlations between (i) physical and chemical properties as well as their ageing‐induced changes of the materials and (ii) the module performance. A clear dependence of the relative loss in power output upon exposure under DH conditions for 2000 h could be observed for a set of identical test modules varied in composition only in the type of back cover used. While the modules containing gas‐tight backsheets and glass experienced only little loss in the relative power output, some modules with permeable backsheets showed a significant relative decrease in the power output and fill factor in dependence of the backsheet type used. Cell degradation could be visualised by recording electroluminescence images before and after the accelerated ageing test. The permeation properties of the backsheet used and their ageing‐induced changes seem to have an influence on the module performance. However, the absolute values neither of the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) nor of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) are directly linked to the loss in power output upon accelerated ageing under DH conditions. It could be shown that the ageing‐induced changes (relative transmission rates) between WVTR and OTR can be correlated with the module performance. These ageing‐induced changes in the permeation behaviour of the backsheets can be explained by (i) physical changes (e.g. post‐crystallisation, changes in the crystal structure or the crystalline microstructure) and (ii) chemical ageing effects such as a decrease in the molecular mass of the polyester (PET) polymer chains because of hydrolytic polymer degradation leading to a change in the crystallisation behaviour of PET. Hydrolytic degradation (= chemical ageing) of the PET core layer was observed (with varying extent) for all PET‐based backsheets and can, thus, not be directly correlated with the loss in performance of the corresponding test modules. The physical ageing effects, however, were detected only for those backsheets showing (i) strong deviating changes in the relative permeation rates for oxygen and water vapour upon accelerated ageing and (ii) a clear loss in electrical performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated. Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the aging induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. |
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AbstractList | The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated ageing (damp heat [DH] exposure). Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the ageing-induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. This wide set of test parameters and methods allowed for the detection of correlations between (i) physical and chemical properties as well as their ageing-induced changes of the materials and (ii) the module performance. A clear dependence of the relative loss in power output upon exposure under DH conditions for 2000h could be observed for a set of identical test modules varied in composition only in the type of back cover used. While the modules containing gas-tight backsheets and glass experienced only little loss in the relative power output, some modules with permeable backsheets showed a significant relative decrease in the power output and fill factor in dependence of the backsheet type used. Cell degradation could be visualised by recording electroluminescence images before and after the accelerated ageing test. The permeation properties of the backsheet used and their ageing-induced changes seem to have an influence on the module performance. However, the absolute values neither of the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) nor of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) are directly linked to the loss in power output upon accelerated ageing under DH conditions. It could be shown that the ageing-induced changes (relative transmission rates) between WVTR and OTR can be correlated with the module performance. These ageing-induced changes in the permeation behaviour of the backsheets can be explained by (i) physical changes (e.g. post-crystallisation, changes in the crystal structure or the crystalline microstructure) and (ii) chemical ageing effects such as a decrease in the molecular mass of the polyester (PET) polymer chains because of hydrolytic polymer degradation leading to a change in the crystallisation behaviour of PET. Hydrolytic degradation (=chemical ageing) of the PET core layer was observed (with varying extent) for all PET-based backsheets and can, thus, not be directly correlated with the loss in performance of the corresponding test modules. The physical ageing effects, however, were detected only for those backsheets showing (i) strong deviating changes in the relative permeation rates for oxygen and water vapour upon accelerated ageing and (ii) a clear loss in electrical performance. The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated. Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the aging induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated ageing (damp heat [DH] exposure). Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the ageing-induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. This wide set of test parameters and methods allowed for the detection of correlations between (i) physical and chemical properties as well as their ageing-induced changes of the materials and (ii) the module performance. A clear dependence of the relative loss in power output upon exposure under DH conditions for 2000h could be observed for a set of identical test modules varied in composition only in the type of back cover used. While the modules containing gas-tight backsheets and glass experienced only little loss in the relative power output, some modules with permeable backsheets showed a significant relative decrease in the power output and fill factor in dependence of the backsheet type used. Cell degradation could be visualised by recording electroluminescence images before and after the accelerated ageing test. The permeation properties of the backsheet used and their ageing-induced changes seem to have an influence on the module performance. However, the absolute values neither of the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) nor of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) are directly linked to the loss in power output upon accelerated ageing under DH conditions. It could be shown that the ageing-induced changes (relative transmission rates) between WVTR and OTR can be correlated with the module performance. These ageing-induced changes in the permeation behaviour of the backsheets can be explained by (i) physical changes (e.g. post-crystallisation, changes in the crystal structure or the crystalline microstructure) and (ii) chemical ageing effects such as a decrease in the molecular mass of the polyester (PET) polymer chains because of hydrolytic polymer degradation leading to a change in the crystallisation behaviour of PET. Hydrolytic degradation (=chemical ageing) of the PET core layer was observed (with varying extent) for all PET-based backsheets and can, thus, not be directly correlated with the loss in performance of the corresponding test modules. The physical ageing effects, however, were detected only for those backsheets showing (i) strong deviating changes in the relative permeation rates for oxygen and water vapour upon accelerated ageing and (ii) a clear loss in electrical performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abstract The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated ageing (damp heat [DH] exposure). Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the ageing‐induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. This wide set of test parameters and methods allowed for the detection of correlations between (i) physical and chemical properties as well as their ageing‐induced changes of the materials and (ii) the module performance. A clear dependence of the relative loss in power output upon exposure under DH conditions for 2000 h could be observed for a set of identical test modules varied in composition only in the type of back cover used. While the modules containing gas‐tight backsheets and glass experienced only little loss in the relative power output, some modules with permeable backsheets showed a significant relative decrease in the power output and fill factor in dependence of the backsheet type used. Cell degradation could be visualised by recording electroluminescence images before and after the accelerated ageing test. The permeation properties of the backsheet used and their ageing‐induced changes seem to have an influence on the module performance. However, the absolute values neither of the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) nor of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) are directly linked to the loss in power output upon accelerated ageing under DH conditions. It could be shown that the ageing‐induced changes (relative transmission rates) between WVTR and OTR can be correlated with the module performance. These ageing‐induced changes in the permeation behaviour of the backsheets can be explained by (i) physical changes (e.g. post‐crystallisation, changes in the crystal structure or the crystalline microstructure) and (ii) chemical ageing effects such as a decrease in the molecular mass of the polyester (PET) polymer chains because of hydrolytic polymer degradation leading to a change in the crystallisation behaviour of PET. Hydrolytic degradation (= chemical ageing) of the PET core layer was observed (with varying extent) for all PET‐based backsheets and can, thus, not be directly correlated with the loss in performance of the corresponding test modules. The physical ageing effects, however, were detected only for those backsheets showing (i) strong deviating changes in the relative permeation rates for oxygen and water vapour upon accelerated ageing and (ii) a clear loss in electrical performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated ageing (damp heat [DH] exposure). Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the ageing‐induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. This wide set of test parameters and methods allowed for the detection of correlations between (i) physical and chemical properties as well as their ageing‐induced changes of the materials and (ii) the module performance. A clear dependence of the relative loss in power output upon exposure under DH conditions for 2000 h could be observed for a set of identical test modules varied in composition only in the type of back cover used. While the modules containing gas‐tight backsheets and glass experienced only little loss in the relative power output, some modules with permeable backsheets showed a significant relative decrease in the power output and fill factor in dependence of the backsheet type used. Cell degradation could be visualised by recording electroluminescence images before and after the accelerated ageing test. The permeation properties of the backsheet used and their ageing‐induced changes seem to have an influence on the module performance. However, the absolute values neither of the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) nor of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) are directly linked to the loss in power output upon accelerated ageing under DH conditions. It could be shown that the ageing‐induced changes (relative transmission rates) between WVTR and OTR can be correlated with the module performance. These ageing‐induced changes in the permeation behaviour of the backsheets can be explained by (i) physical changes (e.g. post‐crystallisation, changes in the crystal structure or the crystalline microstructure) and (ii) chemical ageing effects such as a decrease in the molecular mass of the polyester (PET) polymer chains because of hydrolytic polymer degradation leading to a change in the crystallisation behaviour of PET. Hydrolytic degradation (= chemical ageing) of the PET core layer was observed (with varying extent) for all PET‐based backsheets and can, thus, not be directly correlated with the loss in performance of the corresponding test modules. The physical ageing effects, however, were detected only for those backsheets showing (i) strong deviating changes in the relative permeation rates for oxygen and water vapour upon accelerated ageing and (ii) a clear loss in electrical performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The influence of the type of backsheet on the electrical performance of test modules was evaluated before and after increasing time of accelerated. Besides the measurement of the electrical power of the modules and the performance of the cells by electroluminescence, the aging induced changes within the polymeric encapsulate and backsheets were investigated by means of vibrational spectroscopy and by thermo analytical methods. In addition, the permeability of the backsheets in the original and aged state was determined. |
Author | Eder, Gabriele C. Voronko, Yuliya Koch, Thomas Berger, Karl A. Knausz, Marlene Oreski, Gernot |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yuliya surname: Voronko fullname: Voronko, Yuliya organization: OFI, Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology, Austria – sequence: 2 givenname: Gabriele C. surname: Eder fullname: Eder, Gabriele C. email: Gabriele C. Eder, OFI, Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology, Austria., Gabriele.Eder@ofi.at organization: OFI, Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Marlene surname: Knausz fullname: Knausz, Marlene organization: PCCL, Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Leoben, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Gernot surname: Oreski fullname: Oreski, Gernot organization: PCCL, Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Leoben, Austria – sequence: 5 givenname: Thomas surname: Koch fullname: Koch, Thomas organization: Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Austria – sequence: 6 givenname: Karl A. surname: Berger fullname: Berger, Karl A. organization: Energy Department, AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria |
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Cites_doi | 10.4229/26thEUPVSEC2011-4AV.1.10 10.4229/28thEUPVSEC2013-4AV.4.12 10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186084 10.1109/IECON.2013.6700488 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.04.001 10.4229/27thEUPVSEC2012-4BV.3.40 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.066 10.1016/0927-0248(95)00150-6 10.4229/27thEUPVSEC2012-4DO.5.1 10.1109/PVSC.2014.6925355 10.1002/app.24142 10.1002/pip.2273 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.10.008 10.1117/12.825472 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.04.022 10.1366/13-07085 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.12.003 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744114 10.5402/2012/459731 10.4229/27thEUPVSEC2012-4BV.3.39 10.1007/BFb0050351 10.3139/9783446434141 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.10.033 10.1002/pol.1959.1203813419 10.1117/12.929289 10.1366/13-07291 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.03.022 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744113 10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186415 |
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SubjectTerms | accelerated ageing Aging characterisation Correlation Degradation Electric power generation Electroluminescence long-term performance Modules Penetration Permeation photovoltaic backsheets |
Title | Correlation of the loss in photovoltaic module performance with the ageing behaviour of the backsheets used |
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