Refining the sea surface identification approach for determining freeboards in the ICESat-2 sea ice products

• Published in: The cryosphere Vol. 15; no. 2; pp. 821 - 833
• Main Authors: Kwok, Ron, Petty, Alek A, Bagnardi, Marco, Kurtz, Nathan T, Cunningham, Glenn F, Ivanoff, Alvaro, Kacimi, Sahra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 18.02.2021; Copernicus Publications
• Subjects: Algorithms; Atmospheric data; Clouds; Computer centers; Digital cameras; Estimates; Freeboard; Oceans; Polar environments; Reflectance; Sea ice; Sea level; Sea surface; Segments; Topography; Arctic region
• DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-821-2021
• ISSN: 1994-0424; 1994-0416

In Release 001 and 002 of the ICESat-2 sea ice products, candidate height segments used to estimate the reference sea surface height for freeboard calculations included two surface types: specular and smooth dark leads. We found that the uncorrected photon rates, used as proxies of surface reflectance, are attenuated due to clouds resulting in the potential misclassification of sea ice as dark leads, biasing the reference sea surface height relative to those derived from the more reliable specular returns. This results in higher reference sea surface heights and lower estimated ice freeboards. The resolution of available cloud flags from the ICESat-2 atmosphere data product is too coarse to provide useful filtering at the lead segment scale. In Release 003, we have modified the surface-reference-finding algorithm so that only specular leads are used. The consequence of this change can be seen in the composites of mean freeboard of the Arctic and Southern oceans. Broadly, coverages have decreased by ∼10–20 % because there are fewer leads (by excluding the dark leads), and the composite means have increased by 0–4 cm because of the use of more consistent specular leads.