Regulatory gene function handoff allows essential gene loss in mosquitoes
Regulatory genes are often multifunctional and constrained, which results in evolutionary conservation. It is difficult to understand how a regulatory gene could be lost from one species’ genome when it is essential for viability in closely related species. The gene paired is a classic Drosophila pa...
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| Published in | Communications biology Vol. 3; no. 1; p. 540 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
30.09.2020
Nature Publishing Group |
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| Abstract | Regulatory genes are often multifunctional and constrained, which results in evolutionary conservation. It is difficult to understand how a regulatory gene could be lost from one species’ genome when it is essential for viability in closely related species. The gene
paired
is a classic
Drosophila
pair-rule gene, required for formation of alternate body segments in diverse insect species. Surprisingly,
paired
was lost in mosquitoes without disrupting body patterning. Here, we demonstrate that a
paired
family member,
gooseberry
, has acquired
paired
-like expression in the malaria mosquito
Anopheles stephensi
.
Anopheles-gooseberry
CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out mutants display pair-rule phenotypes and alteration of target gene expression similar to what is seen in
Drosophila
and beetle
paired
mutants. Thus,
paired
was functionally replaced by the related gene,
gooseberry
, in mosquitoes. Our findings document a rare example of a functional replacement of an essential regulatory gene and provide a mechanistic explanation of how such loss can occur.
Cheatle Jarvela et al. demonstrate in the mosquito
Anopheles stephensi
that the
paired
gene was functionally replaced by the gene
gooseberry
, even though
paired
is essential in other insects such as fruit flies and beetles. This study contributes to the understanding of how essential genes are lost despite their importance during development. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract
Regulatory genes are often multifunctional and constrained, which results in evolutionary conservation. It is difficult to understand how a regulatory gene could be lost from one species’ genome when it is essential for viability in closely related species. The gene
paired
is a classic
Drosophila
pair-rule gene, required for formation of alternate body segments in diverse insect species. Surprisingly,
paired
was lost in mosquitoes without disrupting body patterning. Here, we demonstrate that a
paired
family member,
gooseberry
, has acquired
paired
-like expression in the malaria mosquito
Anopheles stephensi
.
Anopheles-gooseberry
CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out mutants display pair-rule phenotypes and alteration of target gene expression similar to what is seen in
Drosophila
and beetle
paired
mutants. Thus,
paired
was functionally replaced by the related gene,
gooseberry
, in mosquitoes. Our findings document a rare example of a functional replacement of an essential regulatory gene and provide a mechanistic explanation of how such loss can occur. Regulatory genes are often multifunctional and constrained, which results in evolutionary conservation. It is difficult to understand how a regulatory gene could be lost from one species’ genome when it is essential for viability in closely related species. The gene paired is a classic Drosophila pair-rule gene, required for formation of alternate body segments in diverse insect species. Surprisingly, paired was lost in mosquitoes without disrupting body patterning. Here, we demonstrate that a paired family member, gooseberry, has acquired paired-like expression in the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Anopheles-gooseberry CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out mutants display pair-rule phenotypes and alteration of target gene expression similar to what is seen in Drosophila and beetle paired mutants. Thus, paired was functionally replaced by the related gene, gooseberry, in mosquitoes. Our findings document a rare example of a functional replacement of an essential regulatory gene and provide a mechanistic explanation of how such loss can occur.Cheatle Jarvela et al. demonstrate in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi that the paired gene was functionally replaced by the gene gooseberry, even though paired is essential in other insects such as fruit flies and beetles. This study contributes to the understanding of how essential genes are lost despite their importance during development. Regulatory genes are often multifunctional and constrained, which results in evolutionary conservation. It is difficult to understand how a regulatory gene could be lost from one species’ genome when it is essential for viability in closely related species. The gene paired is a classic Drosophila pair-rule gene, required for formation of alternate body segments in diverse insect species. Surprisingly, paired was lost in mosquitoes without disrupting body patterning. Here, we demonstrate that a paired family member, gooseberry , has acquired paired -like expression in the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi . Anopheles-gooseberry CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out mutants display pair-rule phenotypes and alteration of target gene expression similar to what is seen in Drosophila and beetle paired mutants. Thus, paired was functionally replaced by the related gene, gooseberry , in mosquitoes. Our findings document a rare example of a functional replacement of an essential regulatory gene and provide a mechanistic explanation of how such loss can occur. Cheatle Jarvela et al. demonstrate in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi that the paired gene was functionally replaced by the gene gooseberry , even though paired is essential in other insects such as fruit flies and beetles. This study contributes to the understanding of how essential genes are lost despite their importance during development. Regulatory genes are often multifunctional and constrained, which results in evolutionary conservation. It is difficult to understand how a regulatory gene could be lost from one species' genome when it is essential for viability in closely related species. The gene paired is a classic Drosophila pair-rule gene, required for formation of alternate body segments in diverse insect species. Surprisingly, paired was lost in mosquitoes without disrupting body patterning. Here, we demonstrate that a paired family member, gooseberry, has acquired paired-like expression in the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Anopheles-gooseberry CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out mutants display pair-rule phenotypes and alteration of target gene expression similar to what is seen in Drosophila and beetle paired mutants. Thus, paired was functionally replaced by the related gene, gooseberry, in mosquitoes. Our findings document a rare example of a functional replacement of an essential regulatory gene and provide a mechanistic explanation of how such loss can occur. |
| ArticleNumber | 540 |
| Author | Cheatle Jarvela, Alys M. Pick, Leslie Trelstad, Catherine S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alys M. surname: Cheatle Jarvela fullname: Cheatle Jarvela, Alys M. organization: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland – sequence: 2 givenname: Catherine S. surname: Trelstad fullname: Trelstad, Catherine S. organization: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland – sequence: 3 givenname: Leslie orcidid: 0000-0002-4505-5107 surname: Pick fullname: Pick, Leslie email: lpick@umd.edu organization: Department of Entomology, University of Maryland |
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| Title | Regulatory gene function handoff allows essential gene loss in mosquitoes |
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