Two unusual conjugated fatty acids, parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid, are present in several Impatiens species, but not in congener Hydrocera triflora
Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in I. balsamina is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of Impatiens or its closest mon...
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Published in | Physiology and molecular biology of plants Vol. 28; no. 5; pp. 1109 - 1118 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New Delhi
Springer India
01.05.2022
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in
I. balsamina
is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of
Impatiens
or its closest monotypic relative,
Hydrocera triflora
(L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of
Impatiens
and
H. triflora
and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in
Impatiens
were found to be palmitic (5.57–20.85%), stearic (2.86–21.61%), oleic (2.79–28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ
9,12
, 2.04–26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆
9,12,15
; 11.07–53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93–70.21%). Genus
Impatiens
contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related
H. triflora.
This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in
Impatiens
for the first time. Some species (
I. mengtszeana
,
I. racemulosa
and
I. oppositifolia
) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of
Impatiens.
Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for
Impatiens. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in I. balsamina is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of Impatiens or its closest monotypic relative, Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of Impatiens and H. triflora and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in Impatiens were found to be palmitic (5.57–20.85%), stearic (2.86–21.61%), oleic (2.79–28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ9,12, 2.04–26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆9,12,15; 11.07–53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93–70.21%). Genus Impatiens contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related H. triflora. This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in Impatiens for the first time. Some species (I. mengtszeana, I. racemulosa and I. oppositifolia) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of Impatiens. Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for Impatiens. Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of or its closest monotypic relative, (L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of and and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in were found to be palmitic (5.57-20.85%), stearic (2.86-21.61%), oleic (2.79-28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ , 2.04-26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆ ; 11.07-53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93-70.21%). Genus contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in for the first time. Some species ( , and ) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01194-4. Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in I. balsamina is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of Impatiens or its closest monotypic relative, Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of Impatiens and H. triflora and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in Impatiens were found to be palmitic (5.57–20.85%), stearic (2.86–21.61%), oleic (2.79–28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ 9,12 , 2.04–26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆ 9,12,15 ; 11.07–53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93–70.21%). Genus Impatiens contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related H. triflora. This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in Impatiens for the first time. Some species ( I. mengtszeana , I. racemulosa and I. oppositifolia ) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of Impatiens. Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for Impatiens. Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in I. balsamina is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of Impatiens or its closest monotypic relative, Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of Impatiens and H. triflora and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in Impatiens were found to be palmitic (5.57-20.85%), stearic (2.86-21.61%), oleic (2.79-28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ9,12, 2.04-26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆9,12,15; 11.07-53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93-70.21%). Genus Impatiens contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related H. triflora. This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in Impatiens for the first time. Some species (I. mengtszeana, I. racemulosa and I. oppositifolia) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of Impatiens. Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for Impatiens. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01194-4. |
Author | Geeta, R. Choudhary, Ashish Kumar Mishra, Girish Puri, Renu Barman, Paramananda |
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Keywords | Parinaric acid Unusual conjugated fatty acids Chemotaxonomic marker Balsaminaceae α-Eleostearic acid Impatiens Hydrocera triflora |
Language | English |
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Snippet | Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however,... |
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SubjectTerms | Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biophysics Cell Biology Cluster analysis Congeners Eleostearic acid Fatty acid composition Fatty acids Gas chromatography Hygrophila triflora Impatiens Industrial applications Life Sciences Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Principal components analysis Research Article Species Variation |
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Title | Two unusual conjugated fatty acids, parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid, are present in several Impatiens species, but not in congener Hydrocera triflora |
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