Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States
There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer...
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| Published in | British journal of cancer Vol. 124; no. 2; pp. 315 - 332 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
19.01.2021
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA—African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA. |
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| AbstractList | There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA—African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA. There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA-African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA.There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA-African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA. |
| Author | Carvajal-Carmona, Luis Cruz-Correa, Marcia R. Palmer, Nynikka R. Dutil, Julie Llera, Andrea Piawah, Sorbarikor Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J. Schmit, Stephanie L. Palmer, Julie R. Stern, Mariana C. Davis, Melissa Neuhausen, Susan L. Fejerman, Laura de Smith, Adam J. Figueiredo, Jane C. Bracci, Paige M. Carethers, John M. Newman, Lisa Nguyen, Tung Serrano-Gomez, Silvia J. Ziv, Elad Rodriquez, Erik J. Fox, Rena Zabaleta, Jovanny Yang, Jun J. Coggins, Nicole B. Weitzel, Jeffrey Gomez, Scarlett Lin Sanabria-Salas, María Carolina Zavala, Valentina A. Graves, Kristi D. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Valentina A. surname: Zavala fullname: Zavala, Valentina A. organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco – sequence: 2 givenname: Paige M. surname: Bracci fullname: Bracci, Paige M. organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco – sequence: 3 givenname: John M. surname: Carethers fullname: Carethers, John M. organization: Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan – sequence: 4 givenname: Luis orcidid: 0000-0001-7129-2918 surname: Carvajal-Carmona fullname: Carvajal-Carmona, Luis organization: University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Genome Center, University of California Davis – sequence: 5 givenname: Nicole B. surname: Coggins fullname: Coggins, Nicole B. organization: Genome Center, University of California Davis – sequence: 6 givenname: Marcia R. surname: Cruz-Correa fullname: Cruz-Correa, Marcia R. organization: Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center – sequence: 7 givenname: Melissa surname: Davis fullname: Davis, Melissa organization: Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center – sequence: 8 givenname: Adam J. surname: de Smith fullname: de Smith, Adam J. organization: Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine – sequence: 9 givenname: Julie surname: Dutil fullname: Dutil, Julie organization: Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University – sequence: 10 givenname: Jane C. surname: Figueiredo fullname: Figueiredo, Jane C. organization: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center – sequence: 11 givenname: Rena surname: Fox fullname: Fox, Rena organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco – sequence: 12 givenname: Kristi D. surname: Graves fullname: Graves, Kristi D. organization: Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University – sequence: 13 givenname: Scarlett Lin surname: Gomez fullname: Gomez, Scarlett Lin organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco – sequence: 14 givenname: Andrea surname: Llera fullname: Llera, Andrea organization: Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, IIBBA, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET – sequence: 15 givenname: Susan L. surname: Neuhausen fullname: Neuhausen, Susan L. organization: Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope – sequence: 16 givenname: Lisa surname: Newman fullname: Newman, Lisa organization: Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Interdisciplinary Breast Program, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center – sequence: 17 givenname: Tung surname: Nguyen fullname: Nguyen, Tung organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco – sequence: 18 givenname: Julie R. surname: Palmer fullname: Palmer, Julie R. organization: Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University – sequence: 19 givenname: Nynikka R. surname: Palmer fullname: Palmer, Nynikka R. organization: Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco – sequence: 20 givenname: Eliseo J. surname: Pérez-Stable fullname: Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J. organization: Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health – sequence: 21 givenname: Sorbarikor surname: Piawah fullname: Piawah, Sorbarikor organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco – sequence: 22 givenname: Erik J. surname: Rodriquez fullname: Rodriquez, Erik J. organization: Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health – sequence: 23 givenname: María Carolina surname: Sanabria-Salas fullname: Sanabria-Salas, María Carolina organization: Subdirección de Investigaciones - Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia – sequence: 24 givenname: Stephanie L. surname: Schmit fullname: Schmit, Stephanie L. organization: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute – sequence: 25 givenname: Silvia J. surname: Serrano-Gomez fullname: Serrano-Gomez, Silvia J. organization: Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología – sequence: 26 givenname: Mariana C. surname: Stern fullname: Stern, Mariana C. organization: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California – sequence: 27 givenname: Jeffrey surname: Weitzel fullname: Weitzel, Jeffrey organization: Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center – sequence: 28 givenname: Jun J. orcidid: 0000-0002-0770-9659 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Jun J. organization: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital – sequence: 29 givenname: Jovanny surname: Zabaleta fullname: Zabaleta, Jovanny organization: Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center LSUHSC – sequence: 30 givenname: Elad surname: Ziv fullname: Ziv, Elad organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco – sequence: 31 givenname: Laura orcidid: 0000-0003-3179-1151 surname: Fejerman fullname: Fejerman, Laura email: laura.fejerman@ucsf.edu organization: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32901135$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States |
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