Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: characteristics and outcomes in the Cardio-COVID Italy multicenter study

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, f...

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Published inClinical research in cardiology Vol. 110; no. 7; pp. 1020 - 1028
Main Authors Ameri, Pietro, Inciardi, Riccardo M., Di Pasquale, Mattia, Agostoni, Piergiuseppe, Bellasi, Antonio, Camporotondo, Rita, Canale, Claudia, Carubelli, Valentina, Carugo, Stefano, Catagnano, Francesco, Danzi, Giambattista, Dalla Vecchia, Laura, Giovinazzo, Stefano, Gnecchi, Massimiliano, Guazzi, Marco, Iorio, Anita, La Rovere, Maria Teresa, Leonardi, Sergio, Maccagni, Gloria, Mapelli, Massimo, Margonato, Davide, Merlo, Marco, Monzo, Luca, Mortara, Andrea, Nuzzi, Vincenzo, Piepoli, Massimo, Porto, Italo, Pozzi, Andrea, Provenzale, Giovanni, Sarullo, Filippo, Sinagra, Gianfranco, Tedino, Chiara, Tomasoni, Daniela, Volterrani, Maurizio, Zaccone, Gregorio, Lombardi, Carlo Mario, Senni, Michele, Metra, Marco
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2021
Springer Nature B.V
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Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between d -dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models. Results The study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9–24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission d -dimer [4344 (1099–15,118) vs. 818.5 (417–1460) ng/mL, p  < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p  < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p  = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only d -dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13–2.62; p  = 0.01). The relation between d -dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline d -dimer < 500 ng/mL. Conclusions PE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of d -dimer in this population need to be clarified. Graphic abstract
AbstractList Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between d -dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models. Results The study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9–24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission d -dimer [4344 (1099–15,118) vs. 818.5 (417–1460) ng/mL, p  < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p  < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p  = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only d -dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13–2.62; p  = 0.01). The relation between d -dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline d -dimer < 500 ng/mL. Conclusions PE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of d -dimer in this population need to be clarified. Graphic abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited. Data were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between D-dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models. The study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9-24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission D-dimer [4344 (1099-15,118) vs. 818.5 (417-1460) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only D-dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13-2.62; p = 0.01). The relation between D-dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline D-dimer < 500 ng/mL. PE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of D-dimer in this population need to be clarified.
BackgroundPulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited.MethodsData were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between d-dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models.ResultsThe study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9–24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission d-dimer [4344 (1099–15,118) vs. 818.5 (417–1460) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only d-dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13–2.62; p = 0.01). The relation between d-dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline d-dimer < 500 ng/mL.ConclusionsPE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of d-dimer in this population need to be clarified.Graphic abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited.BACKGROUNDPulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited.Data were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between D-dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models.METHODSData were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between D-dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models.The study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9-24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission D-dimer [4344 (1099-15,118) vs. 818.5 (417-1460) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only D-dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13-2.62; p = 0.01). The relation between D-dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline D-dimer < 500 ng/mL.RESULTSThe study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9-24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission D-dimer [4344 (1099-15,118) vs. 818.5 (417-1460) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only D-dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13-2.62; p = 0.01). The relation between D-dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline D-dimer < 500 ng/mL.PE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of D-dimer in this population need to be clarified.CONCLUSIONSPE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of D-dimer in this population need to be clarified.
Author Sinagra, Gianfranco
Catagnano, Francesco
Tomasoni, Daniela
Volterrani, Maurizio
Gnecchi, Massimiliano
Tedino, Chiara
Di Pasquale, Mattia
Canale, Claudia
Nuzzi, Vincenzo
Iorio, Anita
Leonardi, Sergio
Zaccone, Gregorio
Camporotondo, Rita
Ameri, Pietro
Carugo, Stefano
Maccagni, Gloria
Mortara, Andrea
Piepoli, Massimo
Senni, Michele
Danzi, Giambattista
Mapelli, Massimo
Agostoni, Piergiuseppe
Inciardi, Riccardo M.
Dalla Vecchia, Laura
Provenzale, Giovanni
Lombardi, Carlo Mario
La Rovere, Maria Teresa
Merlo, Marco
Carubelli, Valentina
Monzo, Luca
Giovinazzo, Stefano
Margonato, Davide
Porto, Italo
Sarullo, Filippo
Bellasi, Antonio
Guazzi, Marco
Pozzi, Andrea
Metra, Marco
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33141251$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 7
Keywords COVID-19
Death
Anticoagulant
Thromboembolism
Coagulopathy
dimer
D-dimer
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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  ident: 1766_CR17
  publication-title: JAMA Netw Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11192
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Snippet Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous...
Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is...
BackgroundPulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous...
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crossref
springer
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SubjectTerms Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antiretroviral drugs
Bleeding
Cardiology
Cohort Studies
Computed tomography
Congestive heart failure
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - mortality
COVID-19 - therapy
Dimers
Embolism
Embolisms
Female
Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products - metabolism
Follow-Up Studies
Hemorrhage - epidemiology
Hospital Mortality
Hospitalization
Humans
Incidence
Italy
Kidney diseases
Lung diseases
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Monoclonal antibodies
Original Paper
Pulmonary Embolism - epidemiology
Pulmonary Embolism - therapy
Pulmonary Embolism - virology
Pulmonary embolisms
Regression analysis
Renal failure
Respiration, Artificial - statistics & numerical data
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Ritonavir
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Transfusion
Ventilation
Viral diseases
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Title Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: characteristics and outcomes in the Cardio-COVID Italy multicenter study
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00392-020-01766-y
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33141251
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2545795830
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2457283434
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7607374
Volume 110
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